1. Psychoanalytic Approaches
Themes:
1. determinism
2. conflict
3. unconscious
4. psychoanalytic interpretation
“life is not easy!” - Freud

2. Freud’s approach
• Case study
• Psychoanalysis
• Free association
• Energy systems

3. Freud’s assumptions
1. Development is
driven by biology
2. Early experiences
engender adult
personality
3. Early social life is
important
4. Pleasure is sexual
from the get go

4. Emphasis on process of personality
• Energy system
– Libido
– thanatos
• Instincts/drives
• Anxiety
• Defense mechanisms
– Denial
– Repression

5. Freud’s Model of the Mind
Topographical model of
the mind
1. Conscious
2. Preconscious
3. Unconscious
– Primary process
thinking
– Secondary process
thinking

6. Freud’s structure continued
Structural Model of the
Mind
• Id
• Ego
• Superego

7. Growth and Development of
Personality
Five Stages
1. oral
2. Anal
3. Phallic
4. Latent
5. genital

8. Oral Stage
• Oral stimulation
• Crucial task is
weaning
• Oral receptive
character

9. Anal Stage
• Bowel movements—
holding and expelling
• Crucial task is toilet
training
• Anal character –
obsessive, rigid,
overly perfectionistic

10. Phallic Stage
• Genitals – masturbation
• Oedipal complex
• Phallic character
– Male
– female

11. • Latent Stage
• Genital Stage

12. Thought Question
It has been said that psychanalytic theory
suffers from a number of cultural biases
due to the limitation in kinds of patients
seen and the Victorian era from which the
concepts were originally derived. Which
concepts or parts of the theory would be
particular targets for arguments of cultural
bias?

13. Assessment
Projective techniques
• ambiguous stimuli
• Not told purpose
• Subjective
e.g. Rorschach

14. Behavior Change
1. Free association
2. Dream analysis
• Manifest content
• Latent content
• Symbols
3. Insight