IoT & The Edge: 5G-CORAL
Perspective
Alain Mourad and Charles Turyagyenda
InterDigital Europe Ltd
Brighton, 05 September 2017
© 2017 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Outline
• IoT – The Pillars
• The Move to the Edge
• IoT and Edge – The Match
• H2020 EU-Taiwan 5G-CORAL project
• Takeaways
• Acknowledgment
© 2017 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved.2

IoT – The Basics (1/2)
• IoT is Internet of Things: Where every thing is connected to the Internet
• Well Internet is clear, it is that 20th century’s utility that all of us can no
longer live without today …
• But apart from us, what are these things wanting to use Internet?
• Thermostat, Toaster, Fridge, Camera, Car, Drone, Supermarket, You name it!
• Ok so why would these things need to be connected to the Internet? I
bet it is not for browsing the web, sending emails, or paying taxes!
• Rather for us to become more capable (monitoring, controlling, saving time,
decision making, etc.) and for these things to become more valuable to us!
• So IoT is for things to be interconnected so they can share information
and take action.
© 2017 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved.3

IoT – The Basics (2/2)
• Pretty cool, but there are (going to be) tens of billions of such things,
much more than we (will) have People on Earth, can you imagine the
insane amount of data traffic these things will create? And it may not all
be useful …
• This implies the need of data services (collect, analyze, process, actuate, etc.)
• Ok, but then how do these things get connected? They will need to be
networked, hence powered and equipped with a networking chip
• The connectivity requirements substantially vary with the device capability (e.g.
battery-powered or not, low or high end, mobile or fixed, big or small, etc.)
• Examples of IoT wireless access e.g. NB-IoT, 802.11ah, ZigBee, BLE, LoRa, Sigfox –
But it does not have to be exclusive wireless access, fixed access may also apply
© 2017 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved.4

IoT – The Pillars
© 2017 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved.5
Logic
Network
Thing
Decide/Action
(Analytics)
Network, Compute and Store
(Infrastructure)
Sense, Share and Act
(Devices)
IoT Pillars

• A first approach taken to generate value and services from IoT data, was
to connect the IoT directly with the Cloud (e.g. AWS, Azure, etc.)
• BUT it did not take long before it was concluded that the "Cloudification"
of IoT may be problematic for various reasons:
• Latency to transfer IoT data from/to the cloud is not suitable to a large number of
IoT services that require nearly instant response (Issue of Delay)
• Network capacity (even with 10G!) not suitable to ferry the insane amount of raw
IoT data to the Cloud (Issue of Volume)
• Cost of a huge computational and storage load in the cloud simply not
economically suitable (Issue of Cost)
• Privacy, security, and regulatory constraints that all limit the data that can be
transferred and processed in the cloud (Issue of Regulation)
The Move to the Edge (1/2)
© 2017 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved.6

• Edge* includes any location distributed nearer the user or
thing, where networking, computing and storage exist
The Move to the Edge (2/2)
© 2017 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved.7
Users
/Things
Networks
/Clouds
Services
/Apps
Access Transport Core
Edge
✓ Network aggregation or
access points
✓ User's premise
✓ In the device itself
✓ In a specific chip in the
device!
Network Compute Store
*Edge encompasses the Fog

The Race to the Edge
• For Cloud providers (the likes of Amazon, Google, Microsoft, Cisco, etc.),
the future is with the Edge interconnected with the Cloud - They have the
know-how (cloud) and the money to deploy and scale rapidly
• Amazon launch of AWS GreenGrass and the recent acquisition of Whole Foods
• Launch of Open Fog Consortium including industry giants such as Microsoft, Intel,
Cisco, ARM, Dell, etc.
• For network providers (the likes of Vodafone, Telefonica, AT&T, Verizon,
etc.), the Edge is the place they are best positioned to leverage and
monetize - From distributing own (now virtualized) functions, to servicing
low latency verticals, to hosting distributed Cloud services
• Launch of ETSI MEC (Mobile/Multi-Access Edge Computing) with Vodafone,
Telefonica, Telecom Italia, Orange, AT&T, Huawei, Nokia, HPE, etc.
© 2017 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved.8

IoT and Edge – The Match
© 2017 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved.9
KPI IoT Edge Match
Latency Instant responses required by several IoT
apps (e.g. IIoT control)
The Edge brings the app nearer to the
devices for real-time actions
✓✓✓✓✓
Capacity Huge volume of data requires insane
transfer rates to the cloud/core
The Edge allows the processing of local
data locally away from the core
✓✓✓✓✓
Efficiency Huge volume of data requires huge load
of computing and storage in the cloud
The Edge filters much of the raw data
lowering computing and storage costs
✓✓✓✓✓
Availability Intermittent connectivity characterizes
several IoT use cases (e.g. mine, sea)
The Edge allows local breakout with
maintained local interconnectivity
✓✓✓✓✓
Adaptability Change of operational environment
often the case in several IoT scenarios
The Edge allows for agile adaptation
based on local context awareness
✓✓✓✓✓
Security Security is critical to many IoT use cases
(e.g. automotive, UAVs, healthcare)
The Edge reduces the security risk by
reducing transfer and hence exposure
✓✓✓✓✓
Regulation Not all data are allowed for transfer and
processing by anyone anywhere
The Edge offers local handling of data
by sovereign operators (e.g. Hospital)
✓✓✓✓✓

EU-Taiwan 5G-CORAL project in a nutshell
• Stands for “A 5G COnvergent Virtualized
Radio Access Network Living at the Edge”
• An H2020 international EU-Taiwan project
(due to start in September 2017)
• Targets an integrated virtualized edge and
fog solution where multi-access
convergence can strive
• Focus on the edge and fog tiers of the
distributed computing infrastructure,
along with their interactions with the
distant tiers (cloud/data centers)
• Building blocks: EFS (Edge and Fog Computing System)
and its OCS (Orchestration and Control System)
© 2017 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved.10

5G-CORAL: IoT and Edge Use Cases (1/4)
© 2017 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved.11
Testbed sites
❖ 5TONIC Madrid, Spain
❖ 5G Turin, Italy
❖ ITRI, Taiwan

5G-CORAL: IoT and Edge Use Cases (2/4)
© 2017 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved.12
• Shopping mall trial will showcase network and computing offloading in a
multi-RAT environment with the active involvement of EFS and OCS.
• For instance, network-assisted D2D mechanisms, local ads, and AR will
benefit from EFS services of localisation and multi-RAT context information.
• In addition, IoT gateway and AR applications will take advantage of the
vicinity of computing resources for offloading heavy processing tasks from
end user devices/sensors to the Fog CDs/Edge DCs while leveraging the low
latency communication offered by 5G-CORAL.

5G-CORAL: IoT and Edge Use Cases (3/4)
© 2017 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved.13
• High-speed train trial will focus on the specific use case of mobility
scenarios where massive signaling from frequent handovers are expected
due to the large number of end users and sensors on-board the train.
• Therefore, local virtual MMEs will be deployed on the Fog CDs as part of the
EFS to cope with the huge amount of signaling envisioned at such a high-
speed.
• Such CDs are deployed on-board the train and can also be used to host some
specific core functions, such as local breakouts, to enable the storage and
consumption of content locally without the need of going through the train’s
backhaul connection.

5G-CORAL: IoT and Edge Use Cases (4/4)
© 2017 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved.14
• Connected car trial will showcase the specific latency-sensitive scenarios of
car vicinity alert, or any other kind of alert which can be based on EFS
localization service (i.e., based on GPS information).
• An additional scenario is the offloading of V2X and X2V computation-
intensive applications (e.g., real-time surveillance, video analytics) to the
EFS.
• Commercially available LTE connections do not offer the required latency for
car safety applications. Therefore, ad-hoc small cells and associated network
infrastructure will be leveraged to guarantee such latency requirements.

5G-CORAL: Impact and benefits for stakeholders
© 2017 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved.15
• Operators: reduces network CAPEX and OPEX
through the usage of commodity hardware and
virtualization.
• Vendors: accelerates the market adoption of
products based on standard interfaces for
virtualization and federation since the network
providers can effectively integrate them in their
network.
• Solution providers: Solution providers can offer
tailored solutions to enterprise customers on the
edge and fog federated system, thus eliminating
the need of deploying a dedicated private
infrastructure.
• Researchers: Research Community and Academia
will be able to go beyond the SoA, thus creating
opportunities to transfer the theoretical know-
how in practice to industrials and students.
• End users: 5G-CORAL innovations will enhance
the quality of experience of the end users.

Deep Dive into Interdigital 5G-CORAL Platform
© 2017 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved.16
USRP
USB0
OAI UE module
USRP
OAI BBU module
OAI EPC module
LTE UE
USB0
eNB
Lora
Sensor
#1
Lora
Sensor
#2
USB 1
WiFi
Dongle
#1
Laptop #1
(Wi-Fi client #1)
NIC 1
LoRa GW 0
USB 0
WiFi
Dongle
#0
Laptop #0
(Wi-Fi client #0)
NIC 2
LoRa GW 1
Wi-Fi AP #1 VM
Lora Network
Server VM
Wi-Fi AP #0 VM
Wi-Fi services LTE Services LoRa Services
User/ 3rd
party
applications
Wi-Fi Functions
LTE Functions
LoRa Functions

Deep Dive into Interdigital 5G-CORAL Platform
© 2017 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved.17

Takeaways
• Edge is not just at the access or aggregation point, it can be in the device
or even inside a chip in the device.
• In many use cases, IoT can’t rely only on the Cloud, the Edge is needed.
• Latency, Bandwidth, Efficiency, Availability, Adaptability, Security, Regulation, etc.
• Edge is a target location for telcos and cloud providers alike. The race is
on, with accelerated development that will hopefully benefit all!
• Stay tuned to 5G-Coral for the next level of multi-access connectivity
delivered via an integrated Edge/Fog platform interacting with the Cloud!
© 2017 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved.18

Acknowledgment
© 2017 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved.19
Europe Taiwan
www.5g-coral.eu