MOTIVATION RELATED TO PSYCOLOGY

4. INTRODUCTION TO MOTIVATION
 A motive is something that moves an organism to act.
 The word itself came from the Latin word ‘movere’ which means
‘to move’ people to do the thing they do .
 Motivation is an internal state that activates , guides and sustains
behavior.
 ‘It is a ‘the processes’ that account for an individuals intensity ,
direction and persistence of efforts towards attaining a goal.’

5. ESSENTIAL QUALITIES OF MOTIVATION
 The essential qualities of motivational states are:
 Energizing as they activate or arouse behavior
 Directive in that guide behaviors towards satisfying
goals or incentives.
 Help people to persist in their behavior until goals
are achieved or needs are satisfied.

6. MOTIVATIONAL CYCLE
 Motivation cycle is a transition of states within an organism
that propels the organism toward the satisfaction of a
particular need, where motivation itself is considered a
hypothesized state.
 Psychologists use the concept of need to describe the
motivational properties of behavior.

8. STATES OF MOTIVATION
 The state of motivation is further comprised of four different
states, which takes place in an organism to drive him towards
each action.
1. Each action is first initiated because of a particular need.
2. The need drives the person into taking actions.
3. Positive results, caused due to the actions, further acts as
an incentive motivating a person towards the goal.

9. APPROACH THEORIES

10. APPROACH / THEORIES
 Background:
The Approach/Inhibition Theory of Power was developed by Dacher Keltner in 2003.
It states that power has the ability to transform individuals' psychological states. ...
These two types of reactions are approach and inhibition.
 Approach
Approach is associated with action, seeking rewards or opportunities, increase of
physical energy and movement, and self-promotion. Power activates people,
increasing their drive, energy, and emotion. Often, perceived power leads to many
positive consequences. An increase in power, therefore, leads to approach behaviors.
 Inhibition
Inhibition is associated with reaction, protection of one's self, avoidance of potential
threats and danger, vigilance, decrease of motivation, and reduced activity levels. A
reduction in power leads to inhibition.

11. TYPES OF APPROACH
1. INSTINCT APPROACH: biologically determined and innate
e.g. : curiosity , territorial protection etc.
2. DRIVE-REDUCTION APPROACH: need (food-water) & get;
tension (drive) &get; action to reduce it.
Drive :primary (hunger) or secondary (social approach ,
status etc. )
Need: achievement , power ,affiliation .
3. INCENTIVE APPROACH : external reward motivates , action
based on incentive.
4. AROUSED APPROACH :optimum is desired ,increase or
decrease stimulation .Under/over arousal hampers performance.
5. HUMANISTICS APPROACH : Maslow,s hierarchy of needs.

13. Continuum of Motivation
 Moving from Extrinsic to Intrinsic:
Motivation has a great impact on the learning process. While some people learn more
by outside influences, others may achieve more by their personal aspirations.
Whatever the situation, everyone involved in any learning process should know how
motivation affects learning.
 Extrinsic motivation occurs when we are motivated to perform a behavior or
engage in an activity to earn a reward or avoid punishment.
 Intrinsic motivation involves engaging in behavior because it is personally
rewarding; essentially, performing an activity for its own sake rather than the
desire for some external reward.

17. Maslow’s Motive
Hierarchy

21. McGuire's Psychological
Motivations

25. By: Noor Fatyma
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(GROUP 9)