The KALI (Kilo Ampere Linear Injector) is a linear electron accelerator being developed in India by DRDO and BARC for industrial and defense applications. It emits powerful pulses of electrons that can be converted to x-rays or microwaves. The KALI-5000, commissioned in 2004, is a pulsed accelerator that reaches power levels of 40GW but is very large, power-hungry, and has a long recharging time. The KALI is being used for ballistics research, electromagnetic testing of aircraft and missiles, and designing shields to harden systems against microwave attacks.

1. KALI

3. First thing which strike in mind as we hear world “KALI” is
avatar of Hindu Goddess Durga. KALI Maa (Mother KALI) is
ruthless destroyer of the enemies AND saver of humanity.
One right hand holds a sword and other right hand holds a
trident.
So the name suggests actual
intentions and idea of DRDO behind this.
KALI STAND FOR
KILO AMPERE LINEAR INJECTOR

5. INTRODUCTION
* KALI ( kilo ampere linear injector ) is a linear electron being
developed in india, by the
Defence Research Development Organization (DRDO) and Bhabha
Atomic Research Centre (BARC).
*The KALI is not laser weapon as commonly believed. It emit
powerful pulse of electron (Relativistic Electron beam- REB).
* Other component in the machine down the line convert the
electron energy into EM radiation, which can be adjusted to X- rays
( as Flash X--rays ) or microwave (High Power Microwave )
frequencies.
*This has fueled hopes that the KALI could, one day be used in a
High- Power Microwave gun, which could destroy incoming missile
and aircraft though soft kill(destroying the electronic circuitry on

6. Power Microwave

7. *The KALI project was first mooted in 1985 by then Director of the
BARC, Dr. R. Chidambaram. Work on the Project began in 1989,
being developed by the accelerators & Pulse Power Division ofThe
BARC.
*DRDO is also involved with this project. It was initially developed
for industrial applications, although defence applications became
clearer later.
*The first accelerators had a power of ~0.4GW, which increased as
later version were developed.These were the KALI 80, KALI 200,
KALI 1000 , KALI 5000, & KALI 10000.
*The KALI-5000 was commissioned for use in late 2004.

8. *The KALI series (KALI 80, KALI 200, KALI 1000, KALI 5000 &
KALI 10000) of accelerators are described as ‘’ Single Shot
Pulsed Gigawatt Electron Accelerators”.
*They are single shot devices, using water filled capacitors
to build the charge energy.
*The discharge is in the range of 1GW. Initially starting with
0.4GW power, present accelerators are able to reach 40GW.
Pulse time is about 60ns.
The microwave raditions emitted by the KALI-5000 are in the
3-5 GHz range.
*The KALI-5000 is a pulsed accelerator of 1Mev electron
energy, 50-100 ns pulse time , 40KA current and 40GW power
level. contu….

9. *The system is quite bulky as well. With the KALI-5000
weighing 10 tons, and the KALI-10000, weighing 26 tons.
*They are also very power hungry, and require a cooling tank
of 12,000 liters of oil. Recharging time is also too long to
make it a viable in its present form.

11. *The KALI has been put to various uses by the DRDO.
*The X-rays emitted are being used in ballistics research as an
illuminator for ultrahigh speed Photography by the Defence Ballistic
Research Institute (DBRI) in chandigarh.
*The Microwave emissions are used for EM research.
*The microwave –producing version of KALI has also been used by
the DRDO scientists for testing the vulnerability On the electronic
system of the Light Combat Aircraft(LCA),which was then under
development.
contu….

12. *It has also helped in designing electrostatic shields to “harden”
the LCA and missiles From microwave attack by the enemy as
well as protecting satellites against deadly Electromagnetic
Impulses(EMI) generated by nuclear weapons and other cosmic
disturbance, which “fry” & destroy electronic circuits.
*Electronic components currently used in missiles can withstand
fields of approxi. 300V/cm, while the fields in case of EMI attack
reach thousands ofV/c.
*The high power microwave pulses travel in a straight line and do
not dissipate their energy if the frequency falls between three and
ten gigahertz

13. WORKING

15. The KALI-200 and KALI-1000 system are based onTesla-
transformer principle which is set to double resonance to achieve
higher transfer efficiency and use castor oil/demineralized water
as dielectric in transmission line.The KALI-75 is based on PFN Marx
generator principle and KALI-5000 is based on Marx-Blumlein
principle, where the output voltage is same as the charging
voltage.The need for stepping up energy production to keep pace
with the ever increasing demand is universally recognized.To
meet the future energy demands and based on the expertise
available with us, the development ofTeraWatt level pulsed power
systems are being proposed during the XIth plan viz. (i) a single
shot pulse power system of 3MV, 350kA, 100ns, 1TW ratings
based on plus-minus charging type Marx generator combined with
demineralized water filled Blumlein and SF6 filled spark gap
switches and(ii) Linear Induction Accelerator rated 1 MeV, 5kA,
100ns, 10-1 kHz. Relatively low voltage (75-200kV) fed cavities
givethe flexibility to address a variety of applications in a multi-
module system.