THE FOURTH ELEMENT
Value

VALUE
The lightness and darkness of a
color, VALUE is a achieved with
SHADING.
Shading: ADD dark
Highlighting: Take away dark/ADD light

VALUE SCALE
Value scales can be used as shading practice and as a guide to
determine if you achieved the correct values in an artwork.
Good art has a variety of value, from the
blackest black, to the whitest white.

FOUR WAYS OF SHADING
The first is
STIPPLING, shadi
ng with DOTS.

HATCHING
Shading
with a
series of
lines going
in one
direction

CROSS HATCHING
Shading with a series
of lines going in TWO
directions

BLENDING
Shading by
smoothing
out the
values so
they “blend”
into each
other