1. X-ACT 625i
AMBIENT CONTINUOUS
METALS MONITOR

2. About Cooper Environmental
Description
Cooper Environmental’s Xact® 625i is
designed for high time resolution multi-
metals monitoring of ambient air, with
detection limits that rival those of
laboratory analysis. The Xact® 625i
comes standard with a solid-state
meteorological sensor and Cooper
Environmental’s proprietary ADAPT
analysis package, making the instrument
one of the most powerful air pollution
source detection offerings in the industry.
The system uses reel-to-reel filter tape
sampling and nondestructive energy dispersive
X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) analysis. The air is
sampled through a low volume (16.7 l/min)
particulate matter (PM) size-selective inlet and
drawn through a filter tape. The resulting PM
deposit is then advanced into the analysis area
where the sample is analyzed by EDXRF for
selected metals while the next sample is
collected.

3. CES. Product Line
o Ambient Continuous Metals Measurement
Xact® 625i – up to 67 elements measured simultaneously
o Continuous Source Metals Measurement
Xact® 640 – Multi-Metals CEMS – up to 23 elements measured simultaneously
Potential to replace testing/CEMS for Hg, PM, and metals with one instrument
o Aerosol Generation
• QAG 825 Quantitative Aerosol Generator – generates aerosol of known
concentration and particle size
• USEPA Method 301 approved for calibration validation of Xact® instruments

4. Why Metals! Metals make up eight out of US EPA’s 33
highest concern hazardous air pollutants
(HAPs)
 Metals persist in the environment once
released - Available for re-introduction into the
air, water and food chain
 Metals can be dangerous at very small mass
fractions, often 2-3 orders of magnitude less
than total PM, hence PM is often not a good
indicator of health risks.

5. Airborne Metal Exposure!
NI Co AS V Cd Mo Pb Fe
Respiratory Irritation * * * * * * * *
Liver Damage * * * *
Cancer * * * *
Asthma * * * * *
Sinus Problems * * *
Creates Harmful ROS * * * * * *
CNS Disorders * * * *
Lung Damage * * * * * * * *
Kidney Damage * * * *

6. Sample of Industrial Processes that Generate
Airborne Metals
o Coal, Oil, and Wood Combustion – As, Cd, Cr, Cu,
Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, Ti, V, Zn
o Non-Ferrous Metal Industry – As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Mn,
Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, Zn
o Waste Incineration – As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Sb, Se,
Sn, V, Zn
o Cement Production – As, Cr, Hg, Se
o Glass Production – As, Cd, Cr, Pb, Ni, Se, V, Zn

7. Why Measure Metals in Real-Time?
o Ambient
o Federal Reference Method (FRM) for metals currently 24 hour sampling
followed by lab analysis
o Almost impossible to link to source
o High time resolution measurements allow you to
o Uncover periods of acute concentrations missed samplers
o Reduce the data collection time period for campaigns
o Stack
o PM typically used as a surrogate for metals and doesn’t always give an
accurate picture
o High time resolution data on stack elemental speciation can help optimize
pollution control systems, saving money

8. Description of the Core
Analysis Unit of the
Xact®625i Instrument

9. Xact® Instruments
o All Xact® instruments are based on a common
automated XRF unit
o Proven very reliable and stable over years of
service
o Units over 10 years old still in operation
o NIST traceable calibration
o All Xact® instruments have automated quality
assurance features to ensure ongoing calibration
stability

10. Xact® Sampling and Analysis XRF Module
X-ray tube/detector
Filter tape
Sample flow
Analysis areaX-ray on
Aerosol deposit
Xact® Sampling and Analysis XRF Module

11. Elements that may be Measured with the Xact

12. “Xact® Quality Assurance
o Calibration with Standards Traceable to
National Institute of Standards (NIST)
o Factory Acceptance with a Reference
Aerosol
o Verification of NIST Traceability with Every
Sample (On-going QA)

13. o Aerosol Concentration measured by dividing
the XRF determined metal mass by volume
o XRF Standards
o Gravimetrically NIST Traceable
o Required by EPA IO 3.3
o NIST Traceable flow standards
Calibration with NIST Traceable Standards

14. Factory Acceptance Test
o Xact® challenged with a reference aerosol
to validate the entire system
o Aerosol generated using CES’
Quantitative Aerosol Generator (QAG)
o QAG is traceable to NIST Standards,
and is EPA Method 301 Validated

15. Example Factory
Acceptance
Test Results
o Xact® challenged with a reference
aerosol
o Concentration of aerosol is
independent of Xact®
measurement
o Slope of 1.0 indicates perfect
agreement between reference
aerosol and the Xact
o High R2 indicates good precision
y = 1.0057x - 846
R² = 0.9842
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000
XactReportedZinc(ng/m3)
ReferenceAerosolZinc (ng/m3)

16. AUTOMATIC
o XRF Stability with every
sample – Pd or Nb rod
o Upscale – stable
response to three
different elements (for
each energy condition)
once each day
o Flow – QA check on flow
once each day (640 only)
Xact® On-Going Quality Assurance
MANUAL
o IQuarterly flow check – check
with NIST traceable reference
flow meter
o Quarterly XRF check – check
Xact® response to thin film
standards
o Quarterly blank check

17. Example On-Going QA
Upscale Check
-10.00%
-8.00%
-6.00%
-4.00%
-2.00%
0.00%
2.00%
4.00%
6.00%
8.00%
10.00%
6/6/2011 0:00 9/14/2011 0:00 12/23/2011 0:00 4/1/2012 0:00
PercentError
Date
Cr % Error
Cd % Error
Pb % Error
XRF Upscale Check never exceeds 3.0% error for 145 days and a move from one site to another

18. U.S. EPA Awards/
Acknowledgements
o Clean Air Excellence Award for
multi-metals stack monitor in
2007
o Environmental Technology
Verification approval of Xact® 625
in 2012
o Numerous US EPA “Other
Methods” publications over the
years

19. Xact® 625 Federal Reference Method
(FRM) Comparison Studies
o U.S. EPA Environmental Technology
Verification (ETV)
o 18 month comparison at National Ambient
Air Toxics Trends Station (NATTS)

20. Xact® 625 ETV Study
o Data Produced by US EPA and Batelle – INDEPENDENT of CES
o Xact® 625 daily average compared to reference method PM10
sampling followed by metals analysis by ICP-MS
o Xact® and reference sampler operated by Ohio EPA NOT the
manufacturer
o Data above Xact® quantitation limit compared to data above
reference method detection limit
o Regression data indicates the Xact® has excellent accuracy and
precision

21. ETV Accuracy Data
Lead (Pb)
Selenium (Se)
Accuracy Demonstrated Down
to 1 ng/m3

22. ETV Accuracy Data
Zinc (Zn)
Manganese (Mn)
Excluded because
Xact® did not
sample for 24
hours

23. Xact® 625 Accuracy Data from NATTS Site
o This study used data from the Missouri Department of Natural
Resources Blair Street NATTS location (NATTS = National Air Toxics
Trends Station)
o Station collects Priority and Core HAPs (metals include As, Be,
Cd, Cr (total & VI), Pb, Mn, & Ni)
o Data included metals data collected from November 1, 2012
through March 31, 2014
o 1 in 6 day samples collected on FRM Sampler
o 3 metals above quantitation limits in most cases (Se, Mn, Pb)

24. NATTS Results - Selenium
N Mean Mean SE SD
FRM Daily Mn Avg 77 13.18 1.67 14.62
Xact® Mn Daily Avg 77 13.86 1.72 15.08
Xact® Hourly Mn 10733
16.70
4
1.2237 126.774
Summary Metrics - Mn
Figure 1. Linear Regression for Manganese.

25. NATTS Results - Lead
Figure 3. Linear Regression for Lead.
N Mea
n
Mean
SE
SD
FRM Daily Pb Avg 70 9.07 0.69 5.79
Xact® Pb Daily Avg 70 8.78 0.67 5.65
Xact® Hourly Pb
1131
1
9.7 0.23 24.0
Summary Metrics - Pb

26. NATTS Results - Selenium
Figure 1. Linear Regression for Selenium.
N Mea
n
Mean SE SD
FRM Daily Se Avg 55 0.99 0.07 0.56
Xact® Se Daily Avg 55 0.74 0.07 0.54
Xact® Hourly Se 9135 0.694 0.01 0.98
Summary Metrics - Se

27. NATTS Results - Xact® Precision
o Precision of hourly Xact® measurement similar to that of 24 hour FRM sampling with XRF analysis
o Precision of Xact® daily average is generally better than that for FRM sampling with XRF analysis
o Xact® Precision results include two samplers and two analyzers
o FRM Precision results include two samplers and one lab

28. Emission Identification– Wind Direction
o With high time resolution it is possible to correlate wind direction
and concentrations
o It may be possible to orient the monitor so that the sources can be
located based on wind direction alone, without the complexity and
assumptions required by source apportionment

29. 0
45
90
135
180
225
270
315
360
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000
WindDirection
Pb (ng/m3)
135o Bearing
Xact® Location
Emission Identification
Wind Direction

30. Real World Use of Continuous Metals Data
o Missouri
o US EPA used CES ambient monitor to pinpoint bursts of very high arsenic
levels emanating from a hazardous waste incinerator (HWI) in 2009
o This incinerator now has an expired operating permit, and the permit now
requires a real-time CES multi-metal continuous emissions monitor
(CEMs) to demonstrate compliance
o California
o State environmental agency (SCAQMD) using CES ambient monitor
determined periodic high lead levels emanating from a secondary lead
smelter
o SCAQMD placed a CES multi-metals CEMs at the smelter to monitor for
compliance

31. Missouri Arsenic Example

32. Wind Speed and
Direction are Utilized to
Determine Origin of
Pollution

33. Xact® 625 Reliability – Percent Uptime
o ETV Study – 96.0% uptime (65 Days)
o Texas Commission on Environmental Quality – 95.8% uptime (4 months)
o Ministry of Environment Ontario – 95% uptime (12 months)

34. Xact® 625i Ambient
Multi-Metals Monitor
Bringing high time resolution metals information to the masses

35. Design Objectives vs Outgoing Field-
Proven Xact® 625
 Reduce the size of the system
 Sustain or improve on the measurement capabilities
 Reduce the maintenance and operational complexity of
the of the system
 Hardware
 Software
 Reduce the overall cost of ownership for the system
 Initial price
 Operational costs
 Data analysis costs
 Enhance the strength of the instrument’s use as a source
detection tool

36. Size Comparison
 Approximately 40% reduction in rack space
required
36
Xact®
625
Xact® 625i

37. Measurement Capabilities
 625i utilizes the
same EPA ETV
proven XRF
spectroscopy as
the 625
 Average 30%
improvement in
Xact® 625i
MDLs relative to
Xact® 625
 Xact® 625i can
measure up to
67 elements
simultaneously
vs up to 24 for
the Xact® 625
37
Xact® 625i Minimum Detection Limits (ng/m3) Xact® 625 Minimum Detection Limits (ng/m3)
Sampling Time Sampling Time
Element
Atomic
Number 15 30 60 120 180 240 15 30 60 120 180 240
K 19 26 8.9 3.1 1.1 0.6 0.38 34 12.0 4.2 1.5 0.81 0.53
Ca 20 5.8 2.0 0.69 0.24 0.13 0.09 12.9 4.6 1.6 0.57 0.31 0.20
Ti 22 3.0 1.0 0.36 0.13 0.07 0.04 5.4 1.9 0.68 0.24 0.13 0.08
V 23 2.8 1.0 0.34 0.12 0.06 0.04 4.2 1.5 0.52 0.18 0.10 0.06
Cr 24 2.7 0.9 0.32 0.11 0.06 0.04 4.1 1.5 0.52 0.18 0.10 0.06
Mn 25 2.7 0.9 0.32 0.11 0.06 0.04 4.0 1.4 0.51 0.18 0.10 0.06
Fe 26 3.4 1.2 0.42 0.15 0.08 0.05 10.9 3.8 1.4 0.48 0.26 0.17
Co 27 2.5 0.9 0.30 0.11 0.06 0.04 4.5 1.6 0.57 0.20 0.11 0.07
Ni 28 2.0 0.69 0.24 0.08 0.05 0.03 3.2 1.1 0.40 0.14 0.08 0.05
Cu 29 1.8 0.6 0.22 0.08 0.04 0.03 3.8 1.4 0.48 0.17 0.09 0.06
Zn 30 1.5 0.5 0.19 0.07 0.04 0.02 3.3 1.2 0.41 0.15 0.08 0.05
Ga 31 1.3 0.44 0.16 0.05 0.03 0.02 0.87 0.31 0.11 0.04 0.02 0.01
Ge 32 1.3 0.44 0.16 0.05 0.03 0.02 1.7 0.61 0.22 0.08 0.04 0.03
As 33 1.3 0.45 0.16 0.06 0.03 0.02 1.6 0.58 0.20 0.07 0.04 0.03
Se 34 1.7 0.6 0.21 0.07 0.04 0.03 2.0 0.71 0.25 0.09 0.05 0.03
Br 35 2.1 0.73 0.25 0.09 0.05 0.03 2.6 0.93 0.33 0.12 0.06 0.04
Rb 37 3.5 1.2 0.43 0.15 0.08 0.05 4.9 1.7 0.61 0.22 0.12 0.08
Sr 38 4.5 1.6 0.6 0.20 0.11 0.07 6.4 2.3 0.80 0.28 0.15 0.10
Y 39 5.7 2.0 0.69 0.24 0.13 0.09 7.7 2.7 0.97 0.34 0.19 0.12
Mo 42 10.5 3.7 1.3 0.45 0.25 0.16 14.0 5.0 1.8 0.62 0.34 0.22
Ag 47 41.0 14.3 5.0 1.8 1.0 0.62 62.0 22.0 7.7 2.7 1.5 0.97
Cd 48 52.3 18.2 6.4 2.2 1.2 0.79 82.0 29.0 10.3 3.6 2.0 1.3
In 49 60.7 21.1 7.4 2.6 1.4 0.92 97.0 34.0 12.0 4.3 2.3 1.5
Sn 50 80.5 28.0 9.8 3.5 1.9 1.2 107 38.0 13.3 4.7 2.6 1.7
Sb 51 108 37.8 13.2 4.7 2.5 1.6 9.5 3.1 1.2 0.42 0.23 0.15
Ba 56 7.3 2.5 0.88 0.31 0.17 0.11 13.5 4.8 1.7 0.60 0.33 0.21
Pt 78 2.6 0.90 0.32 0.11 0.06 0.04 3.3 1.2 0.41 0.15 0.08 0.05
Au 79 2.7 0.93 0.33 0.11 0.06 0.04 3.3 1.2 0.41 0.15 0.05 0.05
Hg 80 2.2 0.78 0.27 0.10 0.05 0.03 2.7 0.95 0.34 0.12 0.06 0.04
Tl 81 2.4 0.83 0.29 0.10 0.06 0.04 2.6 0.93 0.33 0.12 0.06 0.04
Pb 82 2.4 0.85 0.30 0.10 0.06 0.04 3.1 1.1 0.39 0.14 0.08 0.05
Bi 83 2.5 0.88 0.31 0.11 0.06 0.04 3.4 1.2 0.43 0.15 0.08 0.05
Note – data shown for 1.228 cm2 spot size

38. Maintenance and Operational
Capabilities - Hardware
Xact® 625i Xact® 625
Global power
compatibility
Yes Required power
conditioning
Remote system
operation
Yes Required additional
hardware/ software
Flow control DC dual diaphragm pump
with speed control varying
flow, eliminating costly flow
control valve
Flow control valve, vane
pump running at full speed
Component
maintenance access
Filter tape drive access from
front, 1-piece cover
removes for access from 5
sides for easy part change
out
Filter tape drive access from
front, top and one side
access to components
QA/QC Per sample XRF check, daily
upscale XRF check for all
energy conditions
Per sample XRF check, daily
upscale XRF check for all
energy conditions 38

39. Maintenance and Operational
Capabilities - Software
Xact® 625i Xact® 625
System operation control Full operation via GUI interface on
10.1 inch touchscreen
Functions split between user
interface controller and PC
User interface Far fewer screens for setting
runtime parameters displayed in a
much more intuitive fashion
Many screens spread over two user
interfaces – tended to be very
confusing for users
Tape usage monitor 4 levels of notification – 100%, 75%,
50%, and 25%. Below 25%, 3
different alerts – on-screen, e-mail
(Wi-Fi required), through DAS.
No usage monitor
QA Data Tracking Automatically summarizes data.
Notifications in 3 methods –
displayed on main screen, e-mail
(Wi-Fi required), data alarm flag
Alarm flag in data only
Troubleshooting data
collection
System automatically collects all
relevant operational information
and can automatically send this
info to CES technician (requires Wi-
Fi), or file can manually be
forwarded to CES technician
CES technician has to instruct end
user of routines to run and send
results
39

40. Cost of Ownership Improvements
o Initial cost
o Xact® 625i is 28% cheaper than Xact® 625
o Operational cost reductions
o Reduced filter tape cost by 18%
o Eliminated many expensive components
o Flow control valve, expensive 3rd party control boards
o Greatly simplified troubleshooting and parts change out
o Eliminated the need for power conditioning and remote control
add-on
o Data analysis cost reduction – ADAPT software
o Estimated to reduce data analysis by 80 man hours per month,
typically of a high cost employee
40

41. Playing to the
Strength as a
Source
Identification
Tool
 Automated Data Analysis Plotting Toolset
(ADAPT)
 Software integrated onto system, giving
immediate access to information gleaned from
data collected on system
 System comes with solid state meteorological
station to tie metals concentrations to wind
direction, giving source detection capability
straight from the touch screen on the
instrument or from the comfort of your office PC
(Wi-Fi required)
41

42. Playing to the
Strength as a Source
Identification Tool
 Home screen displays
latest concentration and
wind data
 Can scroll through
previous time periods
as well
 Also displays
concentration trends
from past 24 hours
42

43. Playing to the Strength as a Source
Identification Tool
o The Average
Concentration screen
displays average
metals concentrations
over a user identified
range of dates
o Histogram in lower
portion of screen gives
details for the user
specified element
selected on the left
side of the screen
43

44. Playing to the Strength as a Source
Identification Tool
 The Temporal Trends
screen displays the
concentration of a user
selected element over a
user selected time period
 Graph features a user-
defined reference line
as well as median and
average values over
the time period
 Lower graphic shows
the relative wind
speed and direction
for each sample
44

45. Playing to the
Strength as a Source
Identification Tool
o The Daily Distribution
screen displays box-
whisker concentrations
of a user selected
element over a user
selected time period
o Lower graphic shows
the completeness for
each set of daily
samples
45

46. Playing to the Strength as a Source
Identification Tool
 The Multi-Element Temporal
screen displays concentrations of
user selected elements over a user
selected time period
 Lower graphic scales the upper limit
value of each element to 1 in order
to help visualize the correlation
 Lower graphic can be enlarged for
clarity
46

47. Playing to the Strength as a Source
Identification Tool
o The Time of Day Trends
screen displays box-
whisker concentrations of
a user selected element
averaged over a user
selected time period and
displayed for time of day
of the occurrence
o Lower graphic shows
the completeness for
each set of averaged
hourly samples
47

48. Playing to the
Strength as a Source
Identification Tool
 The Day of Week Trends
screen displays relative
concentrations of a user
selected element averaged
over a user selected time
period and displayed for day
of week and time of day of
the occurrence
 Lower graphic shows the
scale of the concentrations
depicted
48

49. Playing to the Strength as a Source
Identification Tool
 The Concentration Matrix
screen displays the
correlation of a user
selected element
averaged over a user
selected time period with
all other elements to
visualize the correlation
 Clicking on each plot
will expand the plot to
full screen size
49

50. o The Meteorological
Correlation screen
displays the
concentration of a user
selected element over a
user selected time
period and plotted
against wind direction
and speed during the
sample period
o Lower graphic shows
color coded
concentration levels
50
Playing to the
Strength as a Source
Identification Tool

51.  The Concentration
Directionality screen
displays the frequency
of occurrence and wind
direction of a user
selected element over a
user selected time
period
 Lower graphic shows
color coded
concentration levels,
which can be user
selected to help clarify
the visualization
51
Playing to the
Strength as a Source
Identification Tool

52. In Conclusion…
o The Xact® 625 proved to be a reliable and very
powerful instrument over the past 10 years, with
the initial instruments still in operation
o System tended to be viewed as a costly instrument
suited best for aerosol researchers who had the ability
to utilize the data
o The Xact® 625i is a more thoroughly engineered
instrument that provides information as well as
concentration data
o Provides incredible value for all users
o Now also an ideal fit for enforcement agencies in
building evidence against polluting facilities
o A mobile platform is recommended for enforcement agencies
52

53. Location
our office
European Tech Serv nv
Sparkevaardekenstraat 3 | 8600 Diksmuide | Belgium
T: +32 51 810 010 | M: +32 470 10 07 07
E: roger@etserv.be | W: etserv.be