This PowerPoint helps students to consider the concept of infinity.
Topic review HIV eradication
1. HIV cure and eradication Rationales and Options Pana Tanjararak, MD
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19. Sharon R Lewin and Christine Rouzioux. AIDS 2011; 25: 000-000. Infectious diseases unit, The Alfred, Monash University Melbourne, Australia. Laboratory of virology, Hopital Necker, Universite Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
20. Sharon R Lewin and Christine Rouzioux. AIDS 2011; 25: 000-000. Infectious diseases unit, The Alfred, Monash University Melbourne, Australia. Laboratory of virology, Hopital Necker, Universite Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
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42. Sharon R Lewin and Christine Rouzioux. AIDS 2011; 25: 000-000. Infectious diseases unit, The Alfred, Monash University Melbourne, Australia. Laboratory of virology, Hopital Necker, Universite Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
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60. Sharon R Lewin and Christine Rouzioux. AIDS 2011; 25: 000-000. Infectious diseases unit, The Alfred, Monash University Melbourne, Australia. Laboratory of virology, Hopital Necker, Universite Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
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62. HIV Cure and Eradication Chemokine Receptor 5 Knockout Strategies Using Zinc-finger Nuclease Rongpong Plongla, MD
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64. The Life Cycle of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Marvin S Reitz Jr and Robert C Gallo. In Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases, 7th ed. 2009 Joan stephenson. JAMA. 2002;287(13):1635-1637 .
65. Mechanism of HIV entry Jose’ A Este’ , Amalio Telenti. Lancet 2007; 370: 81–88 Retrovirology Laboratory IrsiCaixa, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autnoma deBarcelona, Badalona, Spain (J A Este PhD) and Institute of Microbiology, University Hospital Centre, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (A Telenti MD)
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68. HIV Tropism and Disease Progression Kuhmann SE, et al. J Viral Entry. 2005;1:4-16. Moore JP, et al. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2004;20:111-126. Time Since Seroconversion HIV-1 RNA Level Current assays’ X4 detection limit Weeks Years R5 virus X4 virus R5 Infection R5 + X4 Infection
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70. CCR5 Wild Type and CCR5 32 CCR5 wild type CCR5 32 2 normal copies 1 copy of 32 2 copies of 32 wt/wt wt/ 32 32 / 32 Standard disease progression Delayed disease progression “ Resistant” to HIV infection Normal Heterozygous Homozygous Liu R, et al. Cell. 1996;86:367-367. Samson M, et al. Nature. 1996;382:722-725. Dean M, et al. Science. 1996;273:1856-1862. Huang Y, et al. Nat Med.1996;2:1240-1243. Michael NL, et al. Nat Med. 1997;3:1160-1162. Eugen-Olsen J, et al. AIDS. 1997;11:305-310.
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74. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2008; 122: 22-8 • Latently infected resting memory CD4+ T cells are the best characterized latent reservoir for HIV-1. • Less than 1 cell per 1,000,000 resting CD4+ T cells from patients on HAART harbor latent HIV-1 provirus. • Sequence of latent proviruses does not evolve, which suggests no ongoing viral replication. • Discontinuation of HAART allows viral relapse from latent reservoir. • Patients successfully treated with HAART for longer than 10 years exhibit no appreciable decrease in the size of the latent reservoir. • The persistence of latently infected memory CD4+ T lymphocytes precludes their elimination by HAART alone for the lifetime of the patient. • Other drug-insensitive reservoirs, including brain, macrophages, and hematopoietic stem cells, may also exist. • Latency is likely established and maintained by numerous blocks at multiple steps in the HIV-1 replicative pathway, which potentially complicates eradication strategies. Douglas D. Richman.* David M. Margolis, Martin Delaney, Warner C. Greene, Daria Hazuda, Roger J. Pomerantz. Science 6 March 2009: Vol. 323 no. 5919 pp. 1304-1307 . University of California San Diego
88. Fyodor D. Urnov 1 , Edward J. Rebar 1 , Michael C. Holmes 1 , H. Steve Zhang 1 & Philip D. Gregory Nature Reviews Genetics 11, 636-646 (September 2010)
89. Paula Cannon and Carl June. Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS 2011; 6: 74-79. Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, University ofSouthern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California and Department of Pathology andLaboratory Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaSchool of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
103. Paula Cannon and Carl June. Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS 2011; 6: 74-79. Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, University ofSouthern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California and Department of Pathology andLaboratory Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaSchool of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA