Pollution and pollution control ( Hazardous Waste )

1. The Bamako Convention

4. presenter
• MADALISTO JUWAYEYIE
• JERUTO MILLICENT
• KILAGWA IBRAHIM
•

5. INTRO.
• Bamako Convention is the ban on the Import into Africa and the Control of
Transboundary Movement and Management of Hazardous Wastes within
Africa is a treaty of African nations prohibiting the import of any hazardous
(including radioactive) waste.
• The Convention was negotiated by twelve nations of the
Organisation of African Unity at Bamako, Mali in January, 1991, and came
into force in 1998.
•

6. • This impression was strengthened by several prominent cases. One
important case, which occurred in 1987, concerned the importation
into Nigeria of 18,000 barrels (2,900 m3) of hazardous waste from
the Italian companies Ecomar and Jelly Wax, which had agreed to
pay local farmer Sunday Nana $100 per month for storage
• The barrels, found in storage in the port of Koko, contained toxic
waste including polychlorinated biphenyls, and their eventual
shipment back to Italy led to protests closing three Italian ports

7. Basel Convention
• Is an international treaty that was designed to reduce the movement
of hazardous waste between nations and specifically to prevent
transfer of hazardous waste from develops to less developed
countries.
• The convection was opened for signature on march 1989 and entered
into force of 5 may 1992 as of July 2016, 183 stated and the
European union are parties to the conversion
•
•

8. PURPOSE OF THE CONVENTION
1. Prohibit the import of all hazardous and radioactive wastes into the African continent
for any reason
2. Minimize and control transboundary movements of hazardous wastes within the
African continent.
3. Prohibit all ocean and inland water dumping or incineration of hazardous wastes.
4. Ensure that disposal of wastes is conducted in an “environmentally sound manner
5. Promote cleaner production over the pursuit of a permissible emissions approach
based on assimilative capacity assumptions
6. Establish the precautionary principle.
•

9. HAZARDOUS WASTE
• Hazardous waste substance is a material that may pose danger to
living organism materials, structure or the environment by explosion
or fire hazard, corrosive, toxic to organism or other environmental

10. 3 basic approach to define hazardous waste
• 1. A qualitative description by origin type and constituents
• 2. Classification by characteristic largely based upon testing
procedure
• 3. By means of concentration of specific hazardous substance
•

11. Listed hazardous Waste
• Are materials specifically listed but regulatory authorities as a
hazardous waste which are from non-specific source specific source
or discarded chemical products
• Waste containing specific substance or classes of substance have
been determined EPA (environmental protection agency) to be
hazardous
•

15. Characteristic of hazardous waste
Ignitability
• Liquids the vapours of which are likely to ignite in the presence of
ignition sources non liquids that may catch fire from friction or
contact with water and which burn vigorously or persist, ignitable
comprised gases and oxides
•

16. Corrosively.
Substance That Exhibit Extreme Of Acidity Or Basicity Or A Tendency
To Corrode

17. Reactivity
Substance That Have Tendency To Undergo Violent Chemical Change E.G. Explos
Pyrophoric Material, Cyanide And Sulphide Bearing Water

18. Toxicity
This refers to the term of a standard extraction procedure followed by
chemical analysis for specific substance
•
•

19. Conclusion
Countries should ban the import of hazardous and radioactive wastes as
well as all forms of ocean disposal.
For intra-African waste trade, parties must minimize the transboundary
movement of wastes and only conduct it with consent of the importing and
transit states among other controls. They should minimize the production of
hazardous wastes and cooperate to ensure that wastes are treated and
disposed of in an environmentally sound manner.
•

20. THANK YOU