1. Aminoglycoside antibiotics
Presented by
P. Ruchitha Rao
Application number : aad8e90ced1711e9bfe455404a470379
Academic writing
Department of pharmacology
G. Pulla Reddy college of pharmacy
3. Introduction
• Include streptomycin, neomycin, kanamycin,
amikacin, gentamicin, tobramycin,
sisomicin, netilmicin, and others
• Widely in combination with a β-lactam
antibiotic
– serious infections with gram-negative bacteria
– combination with vancomycin gram-positive
endocarditis
• Treatment of Tuberculosis.
6. STREPTOMYCIN
• Isolated from a strain of
Streptomyces griseus
• Ribosomal resistance
develops readily -
limiting its role as a
single agent
7. Clinical Uses
• Mycobacterial Infections
– second-line agent for treatment of tuberculosis
– 0.5–1 g/d - intramuscularly or intravenously
– combination with other agents to prevent emergence of
resistance
• Nontuberculous Infections
– plague, tularemia, and sometimes brucellosis : 1 g/d
i/m in combination with an oral tetracycline.
– Combination with Penicillin
• enterococcal endocarditis
• 2-week therapy of viridans streptococcal endocarditis.
• enterococcal infections
8. Adverse Reactions
• Fever, skin rashes, and other allergic
manifestations – hypersensitivity
• Pain at the injection site
• Disturbance of vestibular function (irreversible)
—vertigo and loss of balance - proportion to the
Age of the patient, Blood levels of the drug and
duration of administration
• Pregnancy : deafness in the newborn – relatively
contraindicated
9. GENTAMICIN
• Isolated from
Micromonospora purpurea
• Effective against both
grampositive and gram-
negative organisms
including staphylococci and
coliforms
• Synergistic companion with
β-lactam antibiotics.
• It also inhibits gramnegative
rods - resistant to multiple
other antibiotics
10. Clinical Uses
• Intramuscular or Intravenous Administration
– Severe infections : gram-negative bacteria which are
resistant to other drugs, especially P. aeruginosa,
Enterobacter sp, Serratia marcescens, Proteus sp,
Acinetobacter sp, and Klebsiella sp.
– Combination with a second agent
• Staphylococcal infections – rapid resistance (poor
permeability)
• Pneumonia - penetration of infected lung tissue is poor
and local conditions of low pH and low oxygen tension
• treatment of endocarditis caused by gram-positive
bacteria – 5–6 mg/kg/d t.d.s., o.d. is equally effective
11. Adverse Reactions
• Nephrotoxicity - reversible and mild
– 5–25% of patients
– longer than 3–5 days
• Ototoxicity – irreversible
– more than 5 days
– vestibular dysfunction and may be loss of
hearing
12. Amikacin
• Less toxic semisynthetic derivative of
kanamycin
• Resistant to enzymes that inactivate gentamicin
and tobramcyin
• Widest spectrum of activity
• Uses:
– Same as gentamicin
• Dose : 15mg/kg/day in 1-3 doses
13. Neomycin
• Topically used in skin, eye and external ear
infections combined with bacitracin or
polymyxin-B to widen antibacterial spectrum
and to prevent emergence of resistant strains
• Orally
– Preparation of bowel before surgery 1 gm TDS
• Bladder irrigation along with polymyxin B
18. Reference
• Basic & Clinical Pharmacology Bertram G.
Katzung Twelfth Edition
• Essential of medical pharmacology - K.D.
Tripathi 6th edition
• Lippincott - Modern Pharmacology With
Clinical Applications 6E
• Color Atlas Of Pharmacology, 2Nd Ed
(Lüllmann, Thieme 2000)
• wikipedia