conversion of plastic waste into fule

1. Conversion of Plastic
Wastes into Fuels
Presented by
SAURABH SHARMA
CSJMA14001390335

2. Content
1. Introduction
2. Selection of plastic
3. Sources
4. Environmental Issues
5. Recycling
6. Plastic waste management
7. Technologies used
8. Advantages
9. Applications
10. Conclusions

3. Introduction ….
• Waste to energy is the process of generating
energy in the form of electricity, heat or fuel.
• It is a form of energy recovery.
• Most waste to energy processes produce
energy directly through combustion or
produce a combustible fuel commodity such
as methane, methanol, ethanol or synthetic
fuel.

4. What is plastic ?
• The term “plastics” includes materials composed of various
elements such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen,
chlorine, and sulphur.
• It is one of the few new chemical materials which pose
environmental problem.
• Polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene is largely used
in the manufacturing of plastics.

5. TYPES OF PLASTICS
.
PLASTICS
THERMOPLASTICS THERMOSETTING PLASTICS
• Polyethylene terephthalate (PET or
PETE)
• Polystyrene (Styrofoam)
• Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
• Polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon)
• Polyethylene, LDPE and HDPE
• Polypropylene (PP)
• Phenol – Formaldehyde Resin
• Urea – Formaldehyde Resin
• Melamine – Formaldehyde Resin
• Epoxy Resin
• Silicone Resin

6. Why do we need to convert waste
plastic into fuel ?
• According to a recent study performed by the
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) approximately
billion of tons of waste plastic are generated in the
world every year.
• Statistics show that approximately 10% of this plastic is
recycled, 25% is incinerated and the remaining 65% is
dumped in landfills.
• The cost of waste plastic management is around
$2800/ton of waste plastics.
• The method of converting the polymers present in the
waste plastics into Fuel.

7. Selection of plastic
Polyethylene [very good thermo Fuel system suitability]
Polypropylene [very good thermo Fuel system suitability]
Polystyrene [very good thermo Fuel system suitability]
ABS Resin [very good thermo Fuel system suitability]
PVC [Not suitable] (should be avoided)
Polyurethane [Not suitable](avoided)

8. Sources of plastic waste

9. • Plastic pollute beaches & oceans.
• Plastic bags litter the landscape.
Environmental Issues on disposal of
PLASTIC WASTE

10. • Plastic bags kill animals.
• Burning of plastics generates toxic emissions such as Carbon
Monoxide, Chlorine, Hydrochloric Acid, Amines, Nitrides,
Styrene, Benzene and Acetaldehyde.

11. Recycling….
 Recycling is a process in which waste materials are treated in a
way that they can be used again.
management and is the third component of the "Reduce, Reuse,
Recycle" waste hierarchy.
Recyclable materials include manykinds
of glass, paper, metal, plastic, textiles, and electronics.
Materials to be recycled are either brought to a collectioncenter
or picked up from the curbside, then sorted, cleaned, and
reprocessed into new materials bound for manufacturing.

12. Plastic waste management
Plastic waste
management
Conventional
Technique
Burning Landfilling
New
Technique
Pyrolysis
technique

13. Technologies used

14. Problem in Conventional Process

15. Pyrolysis technique
• Pyrolysis is a thermochemical decomposition of
organic matter at high temperature in absence of
oxygen.
• It involves simultaneous change of chemical
composition and physical phase and is irreversible.
• Pyrolysis of organic substances produces gas and
liquid products and leaves a solid residue rich in
carbon content, char.
• Pyrolysis differs from other processes like combustion
and hydrolysis because it does not involves reaction
with oxygen.

16. Pyrolysis

18. Conversion of Plastics Waste
into liquid fuel
The entire process is undertaken in closed reactor
vessel followed by condensation, if required.
 Waste plastics while heating upto 2700 to 3000 C
convert into liquid-vapour state, which is collected in
condensation chamber in the form of liquid fuel.
The tarry liquid waste is topped-down from the heating
reactor vessel.
The organic gas is generated which can be used in dual
fuel diesel generator set for generation of electricity.

19. • SAFE- Hydroseal and vacuum system prevent
exhaust gas from going back to condensor and
reactor. Thus unnecessary accident can be avoided.
• HIGH EFFICIENCY- It consist of tubular
condensor that has the features of larger cooling
area and better cooling effect which improve the
oil yield efficiency.
ADVANTAGES OF PLASTIC
PYROLYSIS PLANT

20. ADVANTAGES OF THE
PROCESS
• Recycles energy of waste plastics into usable
fuel.
• Offers renewable energy source.
• Eliminates hazards of land pollution by waste
plastic.
• The end products can be used for generating
electricity.

21. Applications in real world
• Fuel is utilized in heavy oil generators for
generating electricity.
• Used in refining factories for additional
processing.
• It also serve as heating material in variety of
processes.
• This fuel can be used in many factories for e.g.
electricity, ceramic industries among others to
facilitate the production processes.

23. Conclusion
The world’s annual consumption of plastic materials
has increased from around 5 million tonnes in the
1950’s to nearly 100 million tonnes;thus,20 times
more plastic is produced today than 50 years ago.
 Plastic waste recycling is one of the most established recycling activities
in Economically developed countries and Developing countries as well,as it
generates resources and provides jobs.
 Heavy imports in the field of petroleum can be reduced by converting the
waste plastics to fuel. This increase the economic stability.
 Such a project would be a great boon to our economy.