1. Passivhaus BuildingSkills & Training Steve Charter SC2 Sustainability Consultancy

2. Objectives Provide an overview and clarify: key skills issues for Passivhaus Buildings business implications of a) having those skills; b) not having those skills. Your skills needsand skills gaps in this area how to go about developing Passivhaus building skills and give you some confidence about this ... In order that you have the chance of securing business in this area.

3. Skills and knowledge for Passivhaus buildings Four key steps to competence i.e. how to get there Awareness - knowing that you need to know Understanding – theoretical base Operational knowledge – doing it Competence - doing it well, repeatedly Awareness -> Understanding -> Operational knowledge -> Competence

5. Occupantbehaviourmakes a difference: theaveragematters 90% Benutzereinfluss im Passivhaus 450 Existingbuildings 400 350 300 250 Low energybuildings Passivhaus houses annualheatconsumption [kWh/(m²a)] 180 200 150 100 74 66 50 14.9 13.4 0 8 16 4 8 3 1 1 6 6 3 8 63 rowhouses in Heidelberg (Bj. 1962) 19 23 31 41 51 13 18 23 12 13 18 23 28 11 16 21 26 36 46 56 61 11 21 26 31 36 41 22 houses, 41 lowenergyhouses 27 lowenergy 32 passive houses PH settlement Niedernhausen 1991 houses, Hessia Kronsberg 1998 Wiesbaden 1997

6. Why is it important to you? Changes in Regulations and Standards Building Regulations changes i.e. Part L, Water Code for Sustainable Homes Code for Sustainable Buildings (impending) Code / Building Regs for Existing Homes? EU Energy Performance in Buildings Directive It’s the way the UK, Europe and the world is going ... If you can do Passivhaus correctly, you can do any of the above ... Easily.

7. Why is it important to you? Changes in Markets Public sector clients and public funded projects: Leeds City Council: tender for 5 Passivhaus schools Social housing clients 100+ in the pipeline for certification Low energy retrofit projects Discerning private, education and third sector WCR Dover Passivhaus office; Centre for Disability Studies; Hadlow College; Eco-selfbuild projects Low energy and fabric first is the way the UK, Europe and the world is going ...

8. Business Implications Trends in Regulations and Standards Trends in the Market Implications for knowledge, skills & competence Needs for proof of competence / experience in: achieving high building performance standards As well as achieving low / zero waste, sustainable procurement, etc

9. Trend Example: ‘Zero Carbon’ Standard Revised Definition of ‘Zero Carbon’ Recommended Fabric Efficiency Standards Recommended Metric = kWh/m2/yr 39 kWh/m2/yr: flats & mid-terrace; 46 kWh/m2/yr: semis / end-of-terrace & detached; Covering Space heating & cooling energy demand NOTE: Passivhaus is 15kWh/m2/yr ...

10. Predictable Trends: 2010-2015 ‘Sorting the wheat from the chaff’ and ‘the men from the boys’ The best will emerge, become clear and be known ... Standards Certification and Competency schemes Building design and construction methodologies Products Technologies Product+Technology combinations TRAINING It will be good business to know how to achieve them / know how to use them in advance.

11. Predictable Trends'sorting the wheat from the chaff‘ ... or ‘the men from the boys’ Knowledge, skills & competence for low energy sustainable buildings will be recognised as central issues ‘Proper’ Sust Building training & qualifications will emerge Training the Trainers programmes will be key to successful UK skills development

12. Planners Transport planners English Heritage Planning Clients Building managers Developers Users Housing associations Procurement Building use Sustainable Building Knowledge & Skills: Many audiences, similar messages Repair & Maintenance Architects Architectural technologists Design Energy supply Building services Energy suppliers Construction products Construction Building control Manufacturers SMEs Construction companies Installers Everyone Needs Education Source:

13. The Chain of Skills and Knowledge

14. Passivhaus Buildings Chain of Knowledge & Skills Where are you in it? Who / what are your links in the chain? How can you put in place the knowledge, skills and competence in all links of the chain?

15. Passivhaus Building Skills A Reminder: If clients, designers, specifiers and builders are to get it right, obviously ... ... the right skills and knowledge have to be in place beforethe building is built or refurbished. Mainly this involves: improving or refining existing skills by adding new knowledge.

16. Defining Passivhaus Building Skills Skills relating to proper implementation of the methodology 5 core components Skills relating to achieving the standard (including the new Passivhaus retrofit standard)

17. Other Factors Relating to Passivhaus Buildings Buildability: easily buildable to meet tough energy performance targets; i.e. not a fiddley and complicated building envelope; Simplicity: linked to buildability and usability; i.e. lessons from Milton Keynes energy village – users didn’t understand or use technologies properly; no local people to maintain or repair them, etc. Usability: usable for users, including simplicity of use; Centre for Disability Studies – outstanding design for users Future proofed: design for climate change, adaptable, re-usable building and / or components, dismantleable, etc. Climate change mitigation: minimising carbon emissions climate change adaptation i.e. to prevent over-heating

20. Buffer-zones / sun-spaces

22. e.g. LED lighting

23. AA* appliances

29. landscaping

30. within structure e.g.greenroof, built-in bat boxes, etc Source: PHI Darmstadt / AECB

32. Mapping: Skills & Competence

33. Low Energy Building Competence Design & Fabric / Trade related skills: High levels of insulation: New build: e.g. generally walls at 500mm Refurb: Internal and External Airtightness: envelope, testing, improving; Thermal bridging (heat transfer): avoid ThB using products & techniques e.g. TeploTies; high performance windows; detail at junctions (i.e. see Carbonlite guidance); MVHR and building services Other Design related skills Using PHPP Passive solar gain and natural light Thermal mass – not always essential, but often used

34. Sustainable Building Systems

35. The parts that make up the whole Source: The Passivhaus Diaries, Bill Butcher – Green Building Company, with Building Magazine

36. Airtightness Skills ...

38. angles / corners need to be sealed with special masticpicture Source: Centrum pasivního domu / AECB

39. Building Services: keep breaks in the fabric to a minimum Source: Centrum pasivního domu / AECB Services penetrations in the fabric should be sealed by cable or hose bushings, pipe sleeves or butyl rubber tapes

40. Example: skills for thermally efficient buildings Design skills for architect who designs the building and archtectural technologists; energy consultants; energy / utility systems for BS engineers; including IT / modelling skills; Trade skills for the trades who put together the building: Carpentry; Brick-laying; Plastering and dry-lining; etc Building services skills: plumbing, electrical, heating and ventilation - and maintaining airtightness. Project and site management skills for those who manage the process. Other valuable skills: a) use and interpretation of thermal imaging cameras; b) air-blower tests, diagnosis & remediation of any faults.

41. Competence: New Build Depends on your role – example: airtightness Architect : good design for airtightness = knowledge of ‘buildability’ i.e. simpler envelope: is simpler in construction, with higher probability of long term airtightness; reduces the ratio of external surface area to volume (reduces heatloss potential). Builder: attention to detail broadly same result needed as a flat roof – it mustn’t leak, or have weak points. Remember The ‘Fabric First’ Approach means primarily adding to, improving or refining existing skills

42. Skills for Thermally Efficient Buildings

44. Airtightness & MVHR/heat-recovery

45. Minimum thermal bridging

46. Buffer-zones / sun-spaces

49. e.g. LED lighting

50. AA* appliances

54. landscaping

57. greenroof, SDS, etcSource: PHI Darmstadt / AECB

58. Trick of the trade ... Make someone in your team the ‘Airtightness Champion’ ... ‘Passivhaus Products Champion’ Etc ...

59. Lessons from Stamford Brook To close the Building-and-Skills Performance Gap Take action to overcome the challenges and barriers to closing the building-and-skills performance gap: Cultural – establish traditions in a) energy performance measurement, b) design & construction processes which measure performance & feed it back to create system improvements. Knowledge and understanding – understand & prioritise the principles of effective thermal envelope, & systems design & construction. Achieve improvements at all levels, from developers & designers to site operatives. Regulatory Implementation – standards have improved & will continue to do so - ensure that energy standards are well enforced & measured in your own projects.

60. Training Problems / Challenges Currently a distinct lack of: formally accredited courses on sustainable building issues; low-energy building content within mainstream building-related qualifications e.g. BTECs, NVQs, etc. trainers with real experience / competence in low energy sustainable building.

61. SB Training & Skills Plans Steve’s Recommendation: Develop a Skills Plan / Learning pathway for Passivhaus building skills and competence Including getting to know: training that is available now in key skills areas; training that is known to be under development; key organisations involved in providing, brokering & developing sustainable building training e.g. Carbonlite, SusCon, Green Gauge, etc;

62. Training: Passivhaus Building Competence Pete Warm & Carbonlite courses (AECB): Passivhaus courses: principles & using PHPP; Modelling Thermal Bridging; From 2011: Green Gauge, and ‘EcoBuilder Training’ (Oxon Constr’n Training Group); Oxford Brookes, Leeds Met Uni, UCL, etc. BRE / BRE Wales Certifier training: Passivhaus Trust; BRE; Scottish PH Institute, etc. Informal: Green Building magazine; The Green Building Bible; Passivhaus Diaries; etc. Low Carbon Housing Learning Zone;

63. On-Line Resources AECB including Carbonlite Programme – accredited details, training, etc www.carbonlite.org.uk Certified Passivhaus projects database Retrofit for the Future refurb database The Passivhaus Diaries www.greenbuildingstore.co.uk Low Carbon Housing Learning Zone – www.leedsmet.ac.uk/teaching/vsite/low_carbon_housing/index.htm

64. Pathway 1: Personal and Business Development Diagram 3: Green Building Learning System Landmark Skills Centres Stream 1 Who am I? What can I be? Stream 2 Making it happen Stream 3 What do I / we need now? Design & Innovation Leadership & Vision Talents / aptitudes Where / who am I now? Project development and delivery Entry Points Technical Knowledge People systems Systems of Skills sets Products and technology Systems sets Specific Desired Skills Progression Routes Supply-Chain Clusters Change Management Construction Skills / Training Programmes Business / people management Project Management Creating Self-managed teams Personal Vision and Practical Steps to Vision Collaboration / partnerships Pathway 2: Practical, Professional and Technical Skills Stream 2: Higher Levels Enterprise & Innovation Hubs Training for Employment Programmes Stream 1: Sustainable Construction, Modern Methods, 21st Century Construction Excellence Business Management Professional, Technical Energy Demand / Efficiency Products, systems, technologies Considerate Constructors, H&S MMC and Construction Innovation Project Management Accreditation Systems On-the-Job Learning / Work Based Training Major Exemplar Projects Energy Supply / Local & Renewable Waste Minimisation & management Healthy, non-toxic building Standards, legislation, compliance Stream 3: Site and Practical Skills On-site Training Specialist Skills Centres Pathway 3: Ad Hoc Learning, Showcasing and Virtual Resources Demo Centres & Physical Showcasing General Public and Client Groups Stream 1: Networks, Membership Organisations, Publications Stream 2: Seminars, Events, Exhibitions and Conferences Stream 3: Virtual Learning & ICT Resources Programme

65. Demo Pieces: Building Fabric Building Fabric Demo Pieces: airtightness detail at wall, ceiling and floor junctions; triple glazed windows and doors, showing installation detailing to avoid thermal bridging and achieve airtight junctions; fixings and details to avoid cold-bridging; eco-refurbishment demonstrations: external insulation systems / EWI; internal insulation systems; Sustainable building products, modular sustainable construction systems, etc e.g. ModCell; Warmcell; Hemcrete; etc. Key Resource: Carbonlite Gold/Passivhaus details available as download from www.carbonlite.org.uk

66. Action Plan Phases Phase 1 of the action plan: 2010/11 to 2012 Plan your Action: develop SB Skills & Training Plan Assess your skills gaps and needs Put the essential foundations of skills and knowledge in place in 2010-2011 e.g. CarbonlitePassivhaus Training Action your Plan ... Phase 2: 2012 onwards Review company skills & knowledge Review training plan and learning system Continue to develop, extend and refine the company skills plan from 2012 to 2015

67. What are your SB Skills needs? Company needs around sustainable buildings? What are your SB knowledge, skills and competence needs? Support? Training? Information? Case studies? Etc, etc?

68. Mapping: SB Skills & Competence

69. Exercise Where are you now? Where are you heading? Where do you need / want to be? What’s your Vision for 2013 / 2015? How do you get there? What are your practical first steps?

70. Train Your Sust Building Champions Identify and Train Champions in your team: Airtightness Champion Thermal Efficiency Champion Passivhaus Products Champion Water Efficiency Champion Energy Efficient Techs Champion Renewable Energy Champion Zero Waste / Waste Minimisation Champion Biodiversity Champion

71. Learning from Exemplar Buildings Use a range of exemplar buildings for: Examples of specific PH details, and how to achieve them successfully: articles, case study materials, project work, etc. Visits for knowledge / skills enrichment. Centre for Disability Studies, Rochford College; WCR Passivhaus Office, Dover; Hadlow College, nr Tonbridge. Austria trip ... etc.

72. Green Gauge Conference www.greengaugetrust.org Delivering zero carbon through low energy homes Learning the lessons from Milton Keynes and beyond 5 November 2010 | Milton Keynes £125 + VAT Energy pioneers now: Fabric first - principles for low energy homes in 2010, Paul Smyth, Think50 Social housing pioneers: 14 Passivhaus units at Wimbish in Essex, John Lefever, Regional Head of Development, Hastoe Housing Association Refurbishing the Netherfield Estate: Applying Passivhaus principles, David Saxby, 00 Architects

73. Free CPD Course & Company Assessments Understanding Sustainable Building Skills & Training SusCon, Dartford – 2nd Nov Crawley Town Hall – 4th Nov Bricks & Bread, Aldershot – 9th Nov SB Skills Assessment & Plan: 15 diagnostic company visits, including summary report Questions?

74. Steve Charter Director SC2 Sustainability Consultancy steve@sc2.org.uk www.sc2.org.uk 07990 778581 www.greengaugetrust.org