1. Climate Resilience Workshop,
AACC, Nairobi-Kenya
Doyi Mazenzele, Climate Change and Development
Project-Tanzania, June 23rd, 2010
INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE

2. IUCN at a glance
• Oldest and largest global environmental network (since
1948)
• Members: more than 1,000 government and NGO
member organizations, and almost 11,000 volunteer
scientists in more than 160 countries.
• Vision: a just world that values and conserves nature.
• Mission: to influence, encourage and assist societies
throughout the world to conserve the integrity and
diversity of nature and to ensure that any use of natural
resources is equitable and ecologically sustainable.
• IUCN solutions: knowledge, action, influence and
empowerment
INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
2

3. Climate Change and Development Project (CCDP)
• Regional Project: Tanzania, Mozambique and Zambia
• Challenge: lack of climate change awareness and understanding
and a low capacity to assess and address vulnerability that
hinders the inclusion of climate change adaptation in decision
making, project development and national policies.
• Project Purpose: Ensure climate change (CC) related policies and
strategies lead to adaptation activities that emphasize the role of
forests and water resources in supporting people’s livelihoods and
associated farming systems
• Overall project objective: Reduced vulnerability and enhanced
adaptive capacity to climate variability and change at local and
national levels
• The key strategy: To influence CCA policies through evidence-
based awareness raising and advocacy work.
INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
3

4. CCDP
• Financier: Finnish Ministry of Foreign Affairs
• Time frame: 2008-11 ( with a one year no cost
extension)
• Regional budget:
• Partners: projects and government (district
councils
• Beneficiaries: communities (where pilot CCA
are being implemented) and partners ( capacity
building measures)
• Project sites: 4 ( Rufiji-2 and Arusha-2)
INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
4

5. CCDP Result Areas
• Result 1: CC related legal regulatory framework
identified, supported with reliable data and tools and
influenced in order to provide enabling governance
environment for adaptation (policy support)
• Result 2: Key stakeholders’ capacity for undertaking
vulnerability assessments and implementing
adaptation activities improved (capacity building)
• Result 3: Technical support provided for implementing
adaptation activities following the ecosystem approach
at selected local communities (implementation of
adaptation measures)
• Result 4: Awareness of CC and efficient adaptation
measures raised for enforcement of policy-practice
linkages ( awareness creation)
INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
5

6. Result 1: Policy support
• CCDP commissioned background studies to provide a
baseline for CCA policy influencing:
– Climate data compilation and site specific evidence
– Capacity (building) needs assessment for CC stakeholders at
local, district, regional and national level to undertake VA and
implement CCA
– Governance, policy formulation processes and climate change
related institutional and coordination in Tanzania
– Gender mainstreaming strategy for the implementation of
CCDP in Tanzania
• The studies (with the exception of gender strategy)
were presented at a CC national stakeholders
workshop early this year. Recommendations were
provided on how best to mainstream CC issues at
different levels.
INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
6

7. Result 2: Capacity building
• CCDP trained over 60 stakeholders (partners
and district council staffs) on vulnerability
assessment using CRiSTAL, CVCA and
CEDRA. Over 15 district council staffs will be
trained in the next weeks.
• Training in the final stages on conservation
farming, irrigation farming, local poultry
keeping (with market linkages) and watershed
management.
INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
7

8. Result 3: Implementation of Adaptation
measures
• Climate change adaptations (CCA)
– Broad: Initiatives and measures to reduce the
vulnerability of natural and human systems against
actual or expected climate change effects (UNFCC)
– More restrictive CCDP definition adopted after the
MTR: “any activity that would not be undertaken if
there was no climate change”.
• To qualify for the above definition, CCA were
revised using the screening criteria.
INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
8

9. CCA Screening Criteria
1. Clear element of the activity responding to a
specific climate change hazard in the area
2. Ecosystem approach is clearly embedded in
activity (at least 5/12 principles)
3. Implementation feasibility( partnerships,
resources, technology, etc)
4. Opportunities for new lessons learning for
improving practices, enhancing adaptation
and/or influencing policy
5. Sustainability in relation to the exit strategy
INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
9

10. CCA Screening Criteria
6. Emphasis on improved resilience (or at least
do no harm) of most vulnerable groups,
including consideration of gender
7. Appropriate technology
8. The impacts of the activities will positively
contribute to, or at least do no harm to,
ecological, financial, social assets
9. Measurability of results
10. Activities will add value to ongoing
processes in the project area
INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
10

11. Adaptation activities allocation
S/n Activity category Tz Moz Zam
1 Conservation farming and beekeeping
2 Rain water harvesting
3 Irrigation farming
4 Flood control gates
5 Watershed management
6 NTFPs processing and storage
INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
11

12. Adaptation activities allocation
S/n Activity category Tz Moz Zamb
8 Mangrove restoration
9 Tree nurseries
10 Health and Sanitation
10 Local poultry keeping
11 Energy saving stoves
12 Water management training
INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
12

13. Successes on CCA
• Meru District council already mainstreaming
CCA into development plans and programmes
through budget cycles.
• The district has set some funds to support
CCDP work in their areas (24MTSh)
• This is a good entry point for sustainability (exit
strategy) and scaling up
INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
13

14. Result 4: Awareness creation
• CCDP has shared findings of background
studies, VA reports, workshop report,
newsletter and livelihoods-climate posters
• CC awareness public broadcast
• On the pipe: Swahili version of the NAPA
INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
14

15. How CCDP links CCA, DRR and development
issues
• CCDP used CRiSTAL to come up with adaptation
measures.
• CRiSTAL provides a systematic, simple and flexible
framework for understanding and analyzing the links
between climate risks, vulnerabilities and adaptive
capacities, livelihoods, and development projects
• CRiSTAL
– Livelihoods approach : Climate risks are linked to the lives and
development prospects of the concerned communities.
– Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation:
Current vulnerabilities and risks as indicated by the target
community and long term climate projections are taken into
account.
INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
15

16. CRiSTAL Structure
4 Framing Questions; 2 Modules
INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
16

17. Climate Smart Approach
• Tabling exposure to CC
extremes:
• Enhancing adaptive
capacity
• Addressing poverty,
vulnerability and their
causes
INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
17

18. Tabling exposure to CC extremes:
CCDP has done the following
• Commissioned a study on collection and compilation of
climate change data and site specific evidence for
climate change Kikuletwa and lower Rufiji
• Undertaken Vulnerability assessments
– Preparation of rainfall and temperature calendars
– Livelihood resource and hazard mapping
– Identification of climate hazards and the associated impacts
– Preparation and dissemination of vulnerability assessment
reports and posters to stakeholders
• Running public awareness broadcast through National
TV/Radio
• Promoting IGAs to increase household income and
food security
INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
18

19. Enhancing adaptive capacity
• CCDP is supporting capacity building measures to
stakeholders to undertake vulnerability assessment and
identification of CCA
• Supporting implementation of adaptation measures
– Technical trainings (conservation farming, irrigation farming,
local poultry keeping, watershed management)
– Material support: seeds (early maturing and drought tolerant),
plans already for technology support (treadle pumps, borehole-
water for irrigation and domestic use), local chicken, feeds and
vaccines
• Conserving the Ecosystem: Embedding at least 5/12
Principles of the Ecosystem Approach
INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
19

20. Addressing poverty, vulnerability and their causes
• CCDP is supporting the implementation of
CCA aimed to increase household income and
food security leading to improved resilience/
adaptive capacity against CC
• Composition of project beneficiaries (contact
groups) reflect gender balance (to a minimum
50% women)
• CCDP to undertake value-chain analysis and
also to facilitate linkage to markets for products
from Income Generating Activities
INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
20

21. Challenges to implementation of CCA, DRR
and livelihoods
• Wider knowledge gaps amongst stakeholders
and beneficiaries on CCA
• Priorities by planners and decision makers
• Limited resources (time, funds and technology)
• Socio-cultural acceptance / perceptions ( “the
God factor”, project seeds planted on marginal
lands)
• Partnerships ( trust and transparency,
expectations and motivation, representation
and commitment)
INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
21

22. Lessons learned
• We are still learning, but early reflections include…
– Implementing CCA, DRR and IGAs need time and resources
– Difficult to identify climate change impacts as distinct from
other environmental trends
– The identification and implementation of CCA and DRR need
the integration of local knowledge and technical climate
science
– Need more voice from community to address the climate
change and disaster management issues (Policy / strategy)
INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
22

23. Recommendations
• Projects/partners need to determine the most tangible
CCA, IGAs and DRR with high impact in regard to the
future climate change scenarios
• All CCA, DRR and livelihoods need to integrate natural
resources management aspects and gender
considerations and should be ecosystem-based
adaptation.
• Broader involvement of stakeholders in the
implementation process is very crucial to the
sustainability of the adaptation activities.
• Some activities like tree planting construction of cattle
troughs need preinvestment and/or intensive
investment in terms of time, funding and technical
studies.
INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
23

24. Recommendations
• CCA and DRR should build on current coping
strategies and local knowledge and should therefore
concentrate on strengthening adaptive capacity of
social and ecological systems.
• CCA should focus on current climate variability as the
basis for adapting to future climate change.
• There is a need to demonstrate with evidence ways in
which the implemented CCA and DRR measures can
inform policy and institutional frameworks while
delivering benefits to Communities
INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
24

25. THANK YOU. AHSANTE SANA
WE HAVE TAKEN A GIANT STEP. THERE ARE MANY MILES
AHEAD. LETS TALK THE TALK AND WALK THE WALK
INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
25