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Piero Campalani / Alice Crespi
11.11.2022
climdex-kit
an open-source tool for processing and visualizing climate indices
in support to climate change studies and communication
Institute for Earth Observation

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11.11.2022
P. Campalani, A. Crespi | climdex-kit : climate indices in support to climate change studies
0000-0003-4186-8474
0000-0002-1032-9825
Who
PIERO CAMPALANI
Software Engineer
ALICE CRESPI
Senior Researcher

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P. Campalani, A. Crespi | climdex-kit : climate indices in support to climate change studies
A bit of background

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P. Campalani, A. Crespi | climdex-kit : climate indices in support to climate change studies
credits: human kind
climate change
we all know already

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P. Campalani, A. Crespi | climdex-kit : climate indices in support to climate change studies
future climate projections

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P. Campalani, A. Crespi | climdex-kit : climate indices in support to climate change studies
future climate projections
R epresentative
C oncentration
P athways

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P. Campalani, A. Crespi | climdex-kit : climate indices in support to climate change studies
future climate projections
R epresentative
C oncentration
P athways
Up to year 2100

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P. Campalani, A. Crespi | climdex-kit : climate indices in support to climate change studies
future climate projections
R epresentative
C oncentration
P athways
Up to year 2100
EMISSION SCENARIOS
(greenhouse gases, GhG)

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P. Campalani, A. Crespi | climdex-kit : climate indices in support to climate change studies
climate ensembles
sets of models
The climate system
A climate ensemble is the group of different
climate models used to simulate the future climate
based on the same emission scenario.
credits:
Femkemilene
+
Visme
/
CC
BY-SA
4.0

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P. Campalani, A. Crespi | climdex-kit : climate indices in support to climate change studies
climate ensembles
sets of models
The climate system
A climate ensemble is the group of different
climate models used to simulate the future climate
based on the same emission scenario.
The aggregated ensemble simulations are
expected to be more robust than individual model
runs.
credits:
Femkemilene
+
Visme
/
CC
BY-SA
4.0
credits:
mailasail

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P. Campalani, A. Crespi | climdex-kit : climate indices in support to climate change studies
credits: ontotext
climate indices
level up in the information pyramid

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P. Campalani, A. Crespi | climdex-kit : climate indices in support to climate change studies
credits: ontotext
A climate index is a diagnostic quantity that is
used to characterize and quantify an aspect
of a geophysical system.
For instance:
• How many tropical nights will we have per
year?
• How will the frequency of dry spells per
year evolve from now?
• How intense will the annual maximum 1-
day precipitation be by 2050?
climate indices
level up in the information pyramid

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P. Campalani, A. Crespi | climdex-kit : climate indices in support to climate change studies
credits: ontotext
A climate index is a diagnostic quantity that is
used to characterize and quantify an aspect
of a geophysical system.
For instance:
• How many tropical nights will we have per
year?
• How will the frequency of dry spells per
year evolve from now?
• How intense will the annual maximum 1-
day precipitation be by 2050?
climate indices
level up in the information pyramid
climate
projections

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P. Campalani, A. Crespi | climdex-kit : climate indices in support to climate change studies
credits: ontotext
A climate index is a diagnostic quantity that is
used to characterize and quantify an aspect
of a geophysical system.
For instance:
• How many tropical nights will we have per
year?
• How will the frequency of dry spells per
year evolve from now?
• How intense will the annual maximum 1-
day precipitation be by 2050?
climate indices
level up in the information pyramid
climate
projections
climate indices

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P. Campalani, A. Crespi | climdex-kit : climate indices in support to climate change studies
datacubes
analysis-ready earth observation
Datacubes are multidimensional arrays
(MDAs) with one or more spatial, temporal, or
arbitrary dimensions.

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P. Campalani, A. Crespi | climdex-kit : climate indices in support to climate change studies
datacubes
analysis-ready earth observation
Datacubes are multidimensional arrays
(MDAs) with one or more spatial, temporal, or
arbitrary dimensions.
credits:
openEO

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P. Campalani, A. Crespi | climdex-kit : climate indices in support to climate change studies
The climdex-kit project

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P. Campalani, A. Crespi | climdex-kit : climate indices in support to climate change studies
climdex-kit
>>> compute > publish > analyse

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climdex-kit
>>> compute > publish > analyse
compute

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publish
climdex-kit
>>> compute > publish > analyse
compute

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P. Campalani, A. Crespi | climdex-kit : climate indices in support to climate change studies
publish analyse
climdex-kit
>>> compute > publish > analyse
compute

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P. Campalani, A. Crespi | climdex-kit : climate indices in support to climate change studies
publish analyse
climdex-kit
>>> compute > publish > analyse
compute


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P. Campalani, A. Crespi | climdex-kit : climate indices in support to climate change studies
compute
CDO
climate data operators
climate-indices
climate index algorithms
conf. A conf. B

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P. Campalani, A. Crespi | climdex-kit : climate indices in support to climate change studies
compute
CDO
climate data operators
climate-indices
climate index algorithms
✓ highly parallelized
conf. A conf. B

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P. Campalani, A. Crespi | climdex-kit : climate indices in support to climate change studies
compute
CDO
climate data operators
climate-indices
climate index algorithms
✓ highly parallelized
conf. A conf. B
✓ customisable

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P. Campalani, A. Crespi | climdex-kit : climate indices in support to climate change studies
compute
CDO
climate data operators
climate-indices
climate index algorithms
✓ highly parallelized
✓ hides complexity
conf. A conf. B
✓ customisable

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P. Campalani, A. Crespi | climdex-kit : climate indices in support to climate change studies
compute
CDO
climate data operators
climate-indices
climate index algorithms
✓ highly parallelized
✓ hides complexity
✓ extendible
conf. A conf. B
✓ customisable

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compute

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P. Campalani, A. Crespi | climdex-kit : climate indices in support to climate change studies
compute

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P. Campalani, A. Crespi | climdex-kit : climate indices in support to climate change studies
compute NetCDFs (CF)

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P. Campalani, A. Crespi | climdex-kit : climate indices in support to climate change studies
compute NetCDFs (CF)

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P. Campalani, A. Crespi | climdex-kit : climate indices in support to climate change studies
compute NetCDFs (CF)

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P. Campalani, A. Crespi | climdex-kit : climate indices in support to climate change studies
compute NetCDFs (CF)
> cdo expr,"pr=(( pr > 1 )) ? pr : missval(pr)" [ -selyear,1981/2010 $pr ] $tmp1
> cdo timpctl,99 $tmp1 -timmin $tmp1 -timmax base.nc $tmp2
> cdo yearsum -gt [ $pr $tmp2 ] $ofile

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P. Campalani, A. Crespi | climdex-kit : climate indices in support to climate change studies
publish analyse
climdex-kit
>>> compute > publish > analyse

compute

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P. Campalani, A. Crespi | climdex-kit : climate indices in support to climate change studies
publish
datacubes
API

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P. Campalani, A. Crespi | climdex-kit : climate indices in support to climate change studies
publish
datacubes
API
clients

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P. Campalani, A. Crespi | climdex-kit : climate indices in support to climate change studies
publish
datacubes
API
clients

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P. Campalani, A. Crespi | climdex-kit : climate indices in support to climate change studies
publish
datacubes
API
clients

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P. Campalani, A. Crespi | climdex-kit : climate indices in support to climate change studies
publish
datacubes
API
clients

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P. Campalani, A. Crespi | climdex-kit : climate indices in support to climate change studies
publish
datacubes
API
clients
✓ F.A.I.R.
✓ open standards

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publish

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P. Campalani, A. Crespi | climdex-kit : climate indices in support to climate change studies
publish

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P. Campalani, A. Crespi | climdex-kit : climate indices in support to climate change studies
publish

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P. Campalani, A. Crespi | climdex-kit : climate indices in support to climate change studies
publish

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P. Campalani, A. Crespi | climdex-kit : climate indices in support to climate change studies
publish

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P. Campalani, A. Crespi | climdex-kit : climate indices in support to climate change studies
publish

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P. Campalani, A. Crespi | climdex-kit : climate indices in support to climate change studies
publish analyse
climdex-kit
>>> compute > publish > analyse

compute

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P. Campalani, A. Crespi | climdex-kit : climate indices in support to climate change studies
analyse A. spatial maps
summer days in Trentino South Tyrol
Δ
days
#
days

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P. Campalani, A. Crespi | climdex-kit : climate indices in support to climate change studies
analyse A. spatial maps
✓ multi-year aggregations
summer days in Trentino South Tyrol
Δ
days
#
days

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P. Campalani, A. Crespi | climdex-kit : climate indices in support to climate change studies
analyse A. spatial maps
✓ multi-year aggregations
✓ baseline comparisons
summer days in Trentino South Tyrol
Δ
days
#
days

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P. Campalani, A. Crespi | climdex-kit : climate indices in support to climate change studies
analyse A. spatial maps
✓ multi-year aggregations
✓ baseline comparisons
✓ scenarios comparisons
summer days in Trentino South Tyrol
Δ
days
#
days

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P. Campalani, A. Crespi | climdex-kit : climate indices in support to climate change studies
analyse A. spatial maps
✓ multi-year aggregations
✓ baseline comparisons
✓ scenarios comparisons
✓ ensemble aggregation
summer days in Trentino South Tyrol
Δ
days
#
days

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P. Campalani, A. Crespi | climdex-kit : climate indices in support to climate change studies
analyse A. spatial maps
✓ multi-year aggregations
✓ baseline comparisons
✓ scenarios comparisons
✓ ensemble aggregation
✓ absolute values or changes
summer days in Trentino South Tyrol
Δ
days
#
days

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P. Campalani, A. Crespi | climdex-kit : climate indices in support to climate change studies
analyse A. spatial maps
✓ multi-year aggregations
✓ baseline comparisons
✓ scenarios comparisons
✓ ensemble aggregation
✓ absolute values or changes
✓ elevation filtering
✓ …
summer days in Trentino South Tyrol
Δ
days
#
days

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P. Campalani, A. Crespi | climdex-kit : climate indices in support to climate change studies
analyse B. temporal trends

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analyse B. temporal trends
✓ single-pixel scan

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analyse B. temporal trends
✓ single-pixel scan
✓ spatial aggregations

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analyse B. temporal trends
✓ single-pixel scan
✓ spatial aggregations
✓ transient signal

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P. Campalani, A. Crespi | climdex-kit : climate indices in support to climate change studies
analyse B. temporal trends
✓ single-pixel scan
✓ spatial aggregations
✓ transient signal
✓ scenarios comparisons

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P. Campalani, A. Crespi | climdex-kit : climate indices in support to climate change studies
analyse B. temporal trends
✓ single-pixel scan
✓ spatial aggregations
✓ transient signal
✓ scenarios comparisons
✓ ensemble spread

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P. Campalani, A. Crespi | climdex-kit : climate indices in support to climate change studies
analyse B. temporal trends
✓ single-pixel scan
✓ spatial aggregations
✓ transient signal
✓ scenarios comparisons
✓ ensemble spread
✓ absolute values or changes

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P. Campalani, A. Crespi | climdex-kit : climate indices in support to climate change studies
analyse B. temporal trends
✓ single-pixel scan
✓ spatial aggregations
✓ transient signal
✓ scenarios comparisons
✓ ensemble spread
✓ absolute values or changes
✓ elevation filtering
✓ …

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P. Campalani, A. Crespi | climdex-kit : climate indices in support to climate change studies
analyse C. ensemble analysis
❖ How many models agree on the sign of projected changes
within the ensemble?
❖ Are the future changes with respect to the baseline statistically
significant?

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P. Campalani, A. Crespi | climdex-kit : climate indices in support to climate change studies
analyse C. ensemble analysis
✓ ensemble spread
❖ How many models agree on the sign of projected changes
within the ensemble?
❖ Are the future changes with respect to the baseline statistically
significant?

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P. Campalani, A. Crespi | climdex-kit : climate indices in support to climate change studies
analyse C. ensemble analysis
✓ ensemble spread
✓ model selection
❖ How many models agree on the sign of projected changes
within the ensemble?
❖ Are the future changes with respect to the baseline statistically
significant?

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P. Campalani, A. Crespi | climdex-kit : climate indices in support to climate change studies
analyse C. ensemble analysis
✓ ensemble spread
✓ model selection
✓ statistical tests
❖ How many models agree on the sign of projected changes
within the ensemble?
❖ Are the future changes with respect to the baseline statistically
significant?

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P. Campalani, A. Crespi | climdex-kit : climate indices in support to climate change studies
analyse C. ensemble analysis
✓ ensemble spread
✓ model selection
✓ statistical tests
✓ spatial distributions
✓ …
❖ How many models agree on the sign of projected changes
within the ensemble?
❖ Are the future changes with respect to the baseline statistically
significant?

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P. Campalani, A. Crespi | climdex-kit : climate indices in support to climate change studies
Conclusions / Outlook

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P. Campalani, A. Crespi | climdex-kit : climate indices in support to climate change studies
climdex-kit :
>>> FOSS Python toolkit for i) computing ii) publishing and
. . . iii) analysing climate indices based on climate model projections

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P. Campalani, A. Crespi | climdex-kit : climate indices in support to climate change studies
climdex-kit :
>>> FOSS Python toolkit for i) computing ii) publishing and
. . . iii) analysing climate indices based on climate model projections
>>> promotes FAIR principles by making it easy to comply with open
. . . standards (CF metadata conventions, public catalogues,
. . . openEO datacubes, process replicability)

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P. Campalani, A. Crespi | climdex-kit : climate indices in support to climate change studies
climdex-kit :
>>> FOSS Python toolkit for i) computing ii) publishing and
. . . iii) analysing climate indices based on climate model projections
>>> promotes FAIR principles by making it easy to comply with open
. . . standards (CF metadata conventions, public catalogues,
. . . openEO datacubes, process replicability)
>>> initial set of 30 customisable climate indices, plus natively extendible
. . . to orchestrate additional backend libraries

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P. Campalani, A. Crespi | climdex-kit : climate indices in support to climate change studies
what’s next
➢ Add more functionalities to the capabilitiy of analysis, especially with
regards to uncertainty.

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P. Campalani, A. Crespi | climdex-kit : climate indices in support to climate change studies
what’s next
➢ Add more functionalities to the capabilitiy of analysis, especially with
regards to uncertainty.
➢ Extend the domain of usage to other type of climate inputs: climate re-
analysis datasets, climate forecasts, and observations.

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P. Campalani, A. Crespi | climdex-kit : climate indices in support to climate change studies
what’s next
➢ Add more functionalities to the capabilitiy of analysis, especially with
regards to uncertainty.
➢ Extend the domain of usage to other type of climate inputs: climate re-
analysis datasets, climate forecasts, and observations.
➢ Build an interactive online platform open to both the climate
researchers and the public to help understand and do research on
climate change in South Tyrol.

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P. Campalani, A. Crespi | climdex-kit : climate indices in support to climate change studies
Links
❑ climdex-kit on PyPI
https://pypi.org/project/climdex-kit/
❑ Fact CLIMAX project
Climate-related hazard indices for South Tyrol
https://www.eurac.edu/en/institutes-centers/institute-for-earth-observation/projects/fact-climax
❑ Environmental Data Platform (EDP) @ Eurac
https://edp-portal.eurac.edu/home
❑ This talk at SFSCON 2022
https://www.sfscon.it/talks/climdex-kit/

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P. Campalani, A. Crespi | climdex-kit : climate indices in support to climate change studies
Contact us
Piero Campalani
piero.campalani@eurac.edu
Alice Crespi
alice.crespi@eurac.edu

77.
https://ror.org/01xt1w755