STUDY AND ANALYSIS OF STEAM TURBINE AND TURBINE LOSSES
POWER PRODUCTION BY REFLECTION USING PRINCIPLE OF CONVERGENCE
1. FABRICATION OF SOLAR REFLECTOR FOR POWER
PRODUCTION USING STIRLING ENGINE
S.SHIVA TEJA 11119D117
K.P. THEJESWARA KUMAR 11119D126
T.VAMSHI KRISHNA 11119D127
V.CHANDRA SEKHAR 11119D133
Y.PHANINDRA 11119D143
Under the guidance of…MR.R.ELLAPPAN(ASST PROF)..MECH
2. PRINCIPLE OF CONVERGENCE
When light rays pass
through convex lens
they get converged and
when they fall on a
concave mirror they get
reflected and converge
at a point
This point is called as
focal point or point of
convergence
4. STIRLING ENGINE
It’s a heat engine operated by
cyclic compression and expansion
of air or other gas as working
fluid at different temperatures
High efficiency compared to
normal heat engines
Three types of Stirling engines
are used they are Alpha, Beta,
Gamma
Alpha type Stirling engine
contains two power pistons in
separate cylinders one at hot and
other at cold and the temperature
difference is around 90deg c
5. Beta type Stirling engine
works with a single
piston in a cylinder hot at
one end and cold at other
end. piston drives the
flywheel at it’s end
A gamma Stirling is
simply a beta Stirling in
which the power piston is
mounted in a separate
cylinder alongside the
displacer piston cylinder,
but is still connected to
the same flywheel.
8. OVERVIEW
Several mirrors are arranged on a concave
surface
When sunrays fall on a concave reflecting
surface they get converged at a point
This point of convergence produces
enormous amount of heat
This heat energy is used to run a stirling
engine
9. Stirling engine consumes heat and
produces mechanical energy
Mechanical energy is converted into
electrical energy by an alternator
12. SPECIFCATIONS
Power : 2-4watts
Voltage : 3-5v
Speed : 1300-1500rpm
Material : Steel ,Copper ,Aluminium
Base : Stainless steel
Arc length major axis: 74 minor axis:60
Chord length major axis: 70 minor axis:57
Temperature at convergence:170-200deg c
13. PRINCIPLE FOCUS OF REFLECTOR
Let “n” , be the ratio of chord length to
length of the arc.
For ellipse,
The arc length of the minor axis = 60,
The chord length of minor axis =57,
Then, n=57/60 =0.95
Let us assume that X=1 radian,
15. R =54.356cm
Now, to find the focal point f1=R/2
=54.356/2
f1 = 27.178cm
Similarly, we have to find for major axis
Length of the chord = 70
Arc length =74
n =70/74
=0.9459
We get 31 degrees,
= 31*2
=62 degrees
16. Radius = 35/sin31
= 67.956cm
Focal point f2=R/2
=67.956/2
f2 = 33.978cm
Therefore ,the focal point
lies between f1 & f2 i.e.,
between 27.178cm &
33.978cm
17. EFFICIENCY OF STIRLING ENGINE
The efficiency of the
Stirling engine can be
determined by using
CARNOT CYCLE. The
method is derived
from heat side and
cold side
temperatures TH and
Tc. Details are shown
on PV diagram of
carnot cycle.
18. TH is the explosion temperature.
TC is the exhaustion temperature.
η = (TH - TC) / TH
TH = 130 oC
TC = 85 oC
Therefore , the efficiency can be given by:
η = ( 130 – 85) / 130
= 45/130
η = 0.346
Therefore, the efficiency of the Stirling is 34.6%
19. CONCLUSION:
The temperature required to run a beta type
Stirling engine is 150deg c and an alpha type
Stirling engine can run at higher temperatures
than this and works with higher efficiency
For better efficiency of a Beta type Stirling engine
make a shaft instead of flywheel and keep it in a
magnetic field so that it acts as a generator
20. REFERENCES:
AT Kearney and ESTELA, 2010, Solar Thermal
Electricity 2025 – A.T. Kearney,
www.atkearney.com.
IEA, 2010a, Concentrating Solar Power
Technology Roadmap – International Energy
Agency, Paris 2010, www.iea.org.
IEA, 2010b, Energy Technology Perspectives
2010, International Energy Agency, Paris2010,
www.iea.org.
21. Mark powell et al.(2009), The Suncatcher:
a highly efficient, solar-powered Stirling
engine.
Guimaraes et al,(2014) , Stirling engine for
cogeneration
Roelf J. Meijer et al. (1987), solar powered
Stirling engine, Stirling thermal motors,
Inc
