The Science and Economics of Multiphase Flow
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Paul Mitchell
- 1. Primary funding is provided by The SPE Foundation through member donations and a contribution from Offshore Europe The Society is grateful to those companies that allow their professionals to serve as lecturers Additional support provided by AIME Society of Petroleum Engineers Distinguished Lecturer Program www.spe.org/dl
- 2. SPE Distinguished Lecture Tours 2
- 3. Society of Petroleum Engineers Distinguished Lecturer Program www.spe.org/dl Paul Mitchell TAQA 4D Seismic History Matching
- 4. Outline • Time-Lapse (4D) seismic • 4D Seismic History Matching (4D SHM) • The value of 4D SHM • Harding & Gryphon case study • 4D Assisted Seismic History Matching (4D ASHM) • Future directions • Conclusions 4
- 5. BaselineMonitor4D Difference Introduction to Time-Lapse or 4D Seismic 5 7x vertical exaggeration GOC OWC
- 6. How Does 4D Work? Water Sweep… 6 Velocity Density Practical Applications of Time-Lapse Seismic., Johnston, D.H., 2013. 0 1mm
- 7. How Does 4D Work? Gas Sweep… 7 Velocity Density Practical Applications of Time-Lapse Seismic., Johnston, D.H., 2013. 0 1mm
- 8. Practical Applications of Time-Lapse Seismic., Johnston, D.H., 2013. 4D Chance of Success • 4D Detectability – Rock & fluid properties – Depletion process – Resolution • 4D Repeatability – Acquisition geometry – Processing – Overburden complexity – Signal-to-noise 84D Repeatability 4DDetectability Low Medium High Higher effort Lower effort
- 9. Reservoir Monitoring with 4D Seismic • Production data – temporally dense – spatially sparse • 4D seismic data – spatially extensive – temporally sparse • Complementary 9 Water injector Base reservoir surface
- 10. Principle of 4D Seismic History Matching 10 Models that match production data Models that match 4D seismic data True model 4D seismic history matching using information from the flooded zone, Jin, L., et al., 2012.
- 11. 4D Seismic History Matching Workflow 11 Geological Model Simulation Model Production data Match? Update Update Petro-Elastic Model SyntheticReal Match? 4D Seismic Update
- 12. 2000-1990 2000-1990 Seismic History Matching Example 12 Real 4D Seismic Synthetic 4D Seismic 2002-1990 2002-1990 2005-1990 2005-1990 2011-1990 2011-1990 OWC OWC GOC GOC 1600 1700 1600 1700 0 1kmHorizontal Scale Injector Producer IncreaseDecrease Acoustic Impedance Depth(m)Depth(m) Injector Producer
- 13. The Value of 4D SHM 13 • $1-2bn annual spend on 4D seismic globally • Greater value can be extracted from the data * Source: SeismicBase by IHS Markit *
- 14. Harding & Gryphon Fields • North Sea – 320km NE Aberdeen • TAQA and Total operated fields • Oil production – Gas caps remain • Morrone undeveloped 14 Gryphon Maclure Harding North Harding Central Harding South Morrone Harding South East Tullich Aberdeen
- 15. Production & Seismic History 15 Harding first oil Oil Phase Gas Phase Gas blow- down 1990 2000 2002 2005 2011 Gryphon Harding
- 16. Geology 16 OWC GOC Massive sand Injected sands Injectite wing Water injector Oil producer 0 1000m Horizontal Scale 4x vertical exaggeration
- 17. Geological and Simulation Models Harding Central Harding South Gryphon Harding North Maclure Tullich Harding SE Morrone 17 ~2km
- 18. OWC GOC Initial Models 18 Geological Model - Facies Morrone Harding S Harding C Harding N Gryphon Maclure 1600 1800 GOC Simulation Model – NG Property OWC 1600 NG 0 1 Depth(m) 1800 Depth(m) 2km
- 19. Initial Model 4D Seismic 19 Real 4D Seismic Difference GOC OWC Morrone Harding S Harding C Harding N Gryphon Maclure 2km 1700 1800 Depth(m) Model 4D Seismic Difference GOC OWC False response Inter-field connectivityPoor shape 1700 1800 Depth(m)
- 20. Redistribution of Sand Injectites 20 Initial Injectite Density Updated Injectite Density Morrone Harding Central Harding South Maclure Harding North Gryphon Harding South East Tullich
- 21. Updated Model 4D Seismic Difference GOC OWC No response Reduced connectivityBetter shape 1700 1800 Depth(m) Initial Model 4D Seismic Difference GOC OWC 1700 1800 Depth(m) Updated Model 4D Seismic 21 OWC Morrone Harding S Harding C Harding N Gryphon Maclure 2km
- 22. OWC GOC Fine-Scale Models 22 Geological Model - Facies Morrone Harding S Harding C Harding N Gryphon Maclure 1600 1800 Depth(m) GOC OWC 1600 1800 NG 0 1 Simulation Model – NG Property Depth(m) 2km
- 23. Fine-Scale Model 4D Seismic 23 Real 4D Seismic Difference GOC OWC Morrone Harding S Harding C Harding N Gryphon Maclure 1700 1800 2km Depth(m) Model 4D Seismic Difference GOC OWC 1700 1800 Depth(m)
- 24. Production History Match 24 Coarse-Scale ModelFine-Scale Model Oilproduction(STB/d) Measured production Simulated production +
- 25. Pressure History Match 1992 1998 2001 2004 2007 2010 2013 20161995 2550 2500 2450 2400 2350 2300 2250 2200 2150 Observations AveragePressure(psia) Date Fine-scale model Coarse-scale model 25
- 26. Seismic History Matching Summary 26 Poor Moderate Good Initial model Updated model Geological Description History Match 4D Seismic Match Fine-Scale model Model
- 27. 4D Assisted Seismic History Matching • Quantitative • Automatic • Intelligent 27 4D Seismic Attribute Map Water injector Oil producer
- 28. Genetic Algorithm for 4D ASHM 28 Misfit surface Best solution
- 29. 4D Attribute 4D AttributeBinary Representation 0 1 0 1 Binary Representation Quantitative 4D Analysis 29 Real 4D Seismic Attribute Map Model 4D Seismic Attribute Map Binary Representation
- 30. 4D ASHM – Harding South Results 30
- 31. Simulation from Initial PopulationSimulation from Final Population 4D ASHM – Harding South Results 31 Real 4D Seismic Attribute Map Model 4D Seismic Attribute Map
- 32. Initial Population Oil Production RateFinal Population Oil Production Rate 4D ASHM – Harding South Well Results 4D ASHM using seismic improved production history match 32 Time(days) OilRate(bbls/day) Observed production Simulated production
- 33. Geological Model Simulation Model Production data Match? Update Update Petro-Elastic Model SyntheticReal Match? 4D Seismic Update Future Directions for SHM 33 •Simpler •Pressure •Geomechanics •Heterogeneity •Fine-scale •Fast simulation •Quantitative •Automatic •Intelligent •Frequent repeats •Appropriate quality •Cost effective
- 34. Summary and Conclusions • Seismic History Matching (SHM) uses 4D seismic data for improved reservoir models • It describes the dynamic behaviour of the reservoir and the underlying geology • It is an evolving technology that integrates all aspects of reservoir description 34
- 35. 35 Your Feedback is Important Enter your section in the DL Evaluation Contest by completing the evaluation form for this presentation Visit SPE.org/dl #SPEDL Society of Petroleum Engineers Distinguished Lecturer Program www.spe.org/dl
