1. PRISONS AND
J S
AIL

2.  William Penn’s “Great Law”
◦ Pennsylvania, 1682.
◦ Forbade corporal punishment, and envisioned prisons
as workhouses.
 The Walnut Street Jail
◦ Philadelphia, 1890
◦ Silence and labor are the keys to rehabilitation.
◦ Suffered from overcrowding and excessive costs.

3.  Contrast the Pennsylvania and the New York
penitentiary theories of the 1800s.

4. The Pennsylvania System The New York System
 Silence and in-cell labor  Solitary confinement
 Constant solitary leads to insanity in
confinement (the inmates
separate system)  Inmates are allowed to
 Only human contact is work together, while
with visiting clergy maintaining silence (the
congregate system)

6.  The Reformers and the Progressives
◦ The “new penology”
◦ The medical model
 The Reassertion of Punishment

7.  List the factors that have caused the prison
population to grow dramatically in the last several
decades.

9. Factors in prison growth:
 Enhancement and stricter enforcement of drug
laws
 Increased probability of incarceration
 Inmates are serving more time for each crime
 Federal prison growth
 Rising incarceration rates of women

10.  List and briefly describe the four types of prisons.

11.  Types of Prisons:
◦ Maximum security
◦ Supermax
◦ Medium security
◦ Minimum security

13. Maximum-Security Prisons:
 Designed and organized to control and disciplines
dangerous felons
 Fortresses, watchtowers, armed guards
 Cell blocks/wings
 Standard uniforms and dress codes
 Inmate’s lives are security-based

15.  Questions:
◦ Describe your reaction to the video. Considering this is a
maximum security prison and these are the most violent
offenders in Georgia, do you think the video was
sympathetic to the offenders?

16. Supermax Prisons:
 Prisons reserved for the “worst of the worst”
 Controlled environment
 Operate in a state of perpetual lockdown

17. Medium-Security Prisons:
 House less dangerous inmates than maximum
security
 Less restrictive security than maximum security,
usually fences instead of walls
 Rehabilitative programming is available

18. Minimum-Security Prison:
 Designed for inmates who are a low-security risk,
such as non-violent and first-time offenders
 Inmates have more freedom to move about the
facility
 Security is more relaxed, there are no armed
guards
 Rehabilitative programming and privileges are
available

19.  Describe the formal prison management system.

21. Formal Prison Management:
 Chain of command (a strong hierarchy is vital)
 May lack continuity of purpose (rehabilitation
versus punishment)

22.  List the reasons why private prisons can often be
run more cheaply than public ones.

23.  The Emergence of Private Prisons - correctional
facilities operated by private corporations rather than
the government.
 Cost Efficiency
◦ Lower labor costs
◦ Competitive bidding
◦ Less red tape
 Overcrowding and Outsourcing

24.  The Argument Against Private Prisons
◦ Safety Concerns
◦ Philosophical Concerns
 The Future of Privatization in the Corrections
Industry

25.  Summarize the distinction between jails and
prisons, and indicate the importance of jails in the
American correctional system.

26.  The Function of Jails
◦ To hold those convicted of misdemeanors
◦ To hold individuals pre-trial
◦ Temporarily hold juveniles awaiting transfer
◦ To hold the mentally ill pending transfer
◦ To detain those who have violated probation of parole, or have
“jumped-bail”
◦ To house inmates awaiting transfer to prison
◦ To operate community-based corrections programs such as home
confinement and electronic monitoring

29.  Questions:
◦ Do you believe Treatment Officers should be employed
in all jails and prisons? How would this change the
correctional facility?
◦ What role does/should rehabilitation play in today’s
prison?

30.  The Jail Population
• Pretrial detainees
• Sentenced Jail Inmates
• Other Jail Inmates

31.  Explain how jails are administered.

32.  Jail Administration
◦ Most operated on a county level by an elected
sheriff.
◦ Jails often generate income.

33.  Identify some of the consequences of our high
rates of incarceration.

34.  Positive consequence: A correlation with a drop in
the crime rate.
 Negative consequences: Social consequences for
families and communities; disenfranchisement of
inmates who lose their right to vote.