Microbiology Quick Learn DefinitionIntroductionHarmful vs Beneficial rolesField and Scope

1. MICROBIOLOGY QUICK LEARN
DEFINITION
INTRODUCTION
HARMFUL VS BENEFICIAL ROLES
FIELD AND SCOPE
Ms Saajida Sultaana Mahusook

2. Microbiology
 Microbiology is the study of all living organisms
that are too small to be visible with the naked eye.
 This includes bacteria, archaea, viruses, fungi,
virus, protozoa and algae, collectively known as
'microbes'.

4. They are
found
everywhere
on Earth
water
air
Inside
the
body of
plants
and
animals
soil

5. How do they look like?

6. What our eyes see..
What we see
through
the microscope

7. What do they do ?

8. Harmful effects
 Pathogenic – cause diseases in
plants animals and humans
 Spoilage of foods

9. Beneficial roles
More beneficial than being harmful
• INCREASE FERTILITY OF SOIL
• PERFORM PHOTOSYNTHESIS
• PROTECT THE BODY FROM PATHOGENS
• INCREASE IMMUNITY
• HELPS IN DIGESTION
• PRODUCTION OF VITAMINS

10. • DIARY
PRODUCTS
• BREAD
• BEVERAGES
• DIARY
PRODUCTS
• BREAD
• BEVERAGES

11. SYNTHESIS OF
• ANTIBIOTICS
• VITAMINS
• ENZYMES
• BIOREMEDIATION OF POLLUTED SITES
• CLEAN UP POLLUTANTS

12. FIELD OF MICROBIOLOGY
1. Pure microbiology
Taxonomical
classification
• Bacteriology
• Mycology
• Phycology
• Virology
• Protozoology
• Immunology
Integrative
characteristics
• Microbial cytology
• Microbial physiology
• Microbial genetics
• Microbial ecology
• Microbial taxonomy
• Cellular
Microbiology
• Molecular
Microbiology

13. 2. Applied Microbiology:
 Medical Microbiology
 Veterinary Microbiology
 Public Health
Microbiology
 Industrial Microbiology
 Pharmaceutical
Microbiology
 Agriculture Microbiology
¤ Plant Microbiology
¤ Soil Microbiology
 Food and Dairy
Microbiology
 Environmental
Microbiology
 Water/Aquatic
Microbiology
 Aero-microbiology
 Microbial Biotechnology
 Vaccinology
 Chemotherapy

14. SCOPE OF MICROBIOLOGY
1. Ecology and environment:
 Bacteria are primary decomposers – recycle
nutrients back into the environment (sewage
treatment plants)
 Winogradsky and M. Beijerinck studied soil
microbes and their role in the biochemical cycles
of sulfur, carbon, nitrogen etc.
 Insect Pest Control: some bacteria are used as
bio-pesticides to control Insects pest. Eg. Bacillus
thuringiensis
 Bioremediation: microbes are also used to clean
up pollutants and toxic wastes. Eg. Pseudomonas
putida; used to remove petroleum spill.

15. 2. Food microbiology:
 Microbes are used in various food and dairy
industries to produce various food products
 cheese, pickles, sauerkraut, green olives
 yogurt, soy sauce, vinegar, bread
 Beer, Wine, Alcohol
 Pasteur (1856) described fermentation
technology

16. 3. Medicine: clinical and pharmaceutical
microbiology
Medicine: deals with the identification of plans and
measures to cure diseases of human and animals
which are infectious to them.
Disease Treatment: Microbes are used to produce
Antibiotics
 Eg. Penicillium notatum (Penicillin); discovered by
Alexander Fleming (1928)
 Bacteria also synthesize vitamins which is needed
for our body. Example: E. coli
 Vitamin-B; needed for metabolism
 Vitamin-K; needed for blood clotting

17. 4. Vaccine and immunology:
 Vaccine activates immune response.
 Edward Jenner inoculated people with cowpox to
protect against smallpox.
 Pasteur developed the rabies vaccine (1885).
 Von Behring and Kitasato (1890) produced toxoid
vaccine against diphtheria and tetanus.
 Metchnikoff (1884) described the defensive role of
phagocytic cell in our body.
 Immunology: The study of immune system which
protect the body from pathogens.

18. 5. Genetic engineering:
 Microorganisms are used in Recombinant DNA
Technology or Genetic Engineering to manipulate
their gene for the production of useful products
such as enzymes, hormones, interferons, etc
 Microorganisms are used as model organism in
molecular biology.
6. Biochemistry and physiology:
 Microorganisms are used as a model for study of
many biochemical and physiological processes.

19. 7. Industrial microbiology:
 Microbes are used in economic and industrial
purposes.
 Biotechnology, fermentation technology, food and
beverages etc are now established on large industrial
scale for income.
 Food science involves the prevention of spoilage of
food and food borne diseases and the uses of
microbes to produce cheese, yoghurt, pickles and
beer.
8. Agricultural microbiology:
 The influence of microbes on agriculture; the
prevention of the diseases that mainly damage the
useful crops
 Genetic engineering is used for the production of
transgenic plants and animals.
 Animal and plant improvement by biotechnology for

20. 9. Geochemical microbiology:
 Bioleaching: recovery of minerals from low
grade ores
 Role of microorganism in geochemical cycle
10. Exomicrobiology:
 Exploring for life in outer space

21. Thank You