The document provides an overview of food allergens including their classification, reaction mechanisms, major allergens, thresholds, and symptoms. It discusses how the immune system can mistakenly identify food proteins as invaders and produce antibodies that cause an allergic reaction through the release of histamine. The major food allergens include peanuts, tree nuts, milk, eggs, wheat, soy, fish and shellfish. Symptoms range from mild hives or rashes to potentially life-threatening anaphylaxis. Proper control and labeling of allergens in food is important to prevent adverse reactions.
2. 1. Classification of food reaction in our digestive system
2. Food allergy and its reaction mechanism.
3. Major Allergen in different state and their threshold level
4. Symptom of Food Allergen
5. Control of Allergen
Outline
3. Reactions to
Food
Toxic Non Toxic
Immune Mediated
(Food Allergy)
IgE (Acute :
Wheat allergy)
Non-IgE
(Delayed
(Coeliac
disease))
Non Immune
Mediated (Food
Intolerance)
Enzymatic Pharmacological Undefined
Psychosomatic
Classification of Food Allergy and Food Intolerance by European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI), 2004.
4. Food Allergy
A food Allergy is defined as an immune system abnormal
response in presence of allergen.
Allergen
• Naturally-occurring proteins in foods
• Derivatives of proteins in foods
They cause abnormal immune responses. But naturally
they are Harmless.
5. How It Works:
• Body immune system mistakenly recognized a food
protein (allergen) as an invader and
• Produces antibodies to fight it an attempt to protect the
body.
• Histamine is released into the bloodstream and
• Acts on the eyes, nose, throat, lungs, skin or
gastrointestinal tract and cause symptoms of the allergic
reaction.
6. How It Works:
Mast cells are is a type of white blood cell. Ang "master regulators" of the immune system. They come from bone
marrow and go into all tissues of the body. it contains many granules rich in histamine and heparin.
7. General standard for the labelling of prepackaged foods. Codex Stan 1-1985 / 4.2.1.4;
10. Consumer Affairs Agency, Government of Japan (CAA ), 2013,
(http://www.caa.go.jp/en/policy/food_labeling/)
Allergens-Japan
1. Shrimp/Prawn
2. Crab
3. Wheat
4. Buckwheat
5. Egg
6. Milk
7. Peanuts
11.
12. Significant of Allergens
Approximately 14 million Americans suffer from true food allergies
https://www.forbes.com/sites/niallmccarthy/2017/06/14/study-less-than-four-percent-
of-americans-have-food-allergies-infographic/
13. Food Allergens - International Regulatory Chart | FARRP | Nebraska; University of Nebraska–Lincoln
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20. Summary of Published LOAELs
Food LOAEL (mg protein)
Egg 0.13 to 1.0
Peanut 0.25 to 10
Milk 0.36 to 3.6
Tree Nuts 0.02 to 7.5
Soy 88 to 522
Fish 1 to 100
**LOAEL = Lowest Observed Adverse Effect
Food Allergen Threshold
** Vieths S. Avoidance of hidden allergens in processed foods: a challenge for food
chemists and manufacturers. Nahrung 2003;47(2):73;
22. Symptoms- Wheat Allergy
Swelling, itching or irritation of the mouth or throat.
Hives, itchy rash or swelling of the skin.
Nasal congestion.
Headache.
Difficulty breathing.
Cramps, nausea or vomiting.
Diarrhea.
Anaphylaxis
Potentially life-threatening reaction
that impairs breathing and can cause
the body to go into shock
23. Symptoms- Fish Allergy
Hives or a skin rash.
Nausea, stomach cramps, indigestion, vomiting and/or diarrhea.
Stuffy or runny nose and/or sneezing.
Headaches.
Asthma
24. Symptoms- Milk Allergy
Hives
Stomach upset
Vomiting
Bloody stools, especially in children
25. Symptoms- Peanut Allergy
Runny nose. A runny or congested nose.
Skin reactions, such as hives, redness or swelling.
Itching or tingling in or around the mouth and throat.
Tightening of the throat.
Shortness of breath or wheezing.
26. Symptoms- Peanut Allergy
Runny nose. A runny or congested nose.
Skin reactions, such as hives, redness or swelling.
Itching or tingling in or around the mouth and throat.
Tightening of the throat.
Shortness of breath or wheezing.
27. Symptoms- Shellfish Allergy
Vomiting
Stomach cramps
Hives all over the body
Shortness of breath
Wheezing
Repetitive cough
Tight, hoarse throat; trouble swallowing
Swelling of the tongue and/or lips
Weak pulse
Pale or blue coloring of the skin
28. Symptoms- Shellfish Allergy
Vomiting
Stomach cramps
Hives all over the body
Shortness of breath
Wheezing
Repetitive cough
Tight, hoarse throat; trouble swallowing
Swelling of the tongue and/or lips
Weak pulse
Pale or blue coloring of the skin
29. Symptoms- Tree Nut Allergy
Abdominal pain, cramps, nausea and vomiting
Diarrhea
Difficulty swallowing
Itching of the mouth, throat, eyes, skin or any other area
Nasal congestion or a runny nose
Nausea
Shortness of breath
Anaphylaxis, a potentially life-threatening reaction that impairs
breathing and can send the body into shock
31. The food of one
may be
poison for another
It is said that if you know your enemies and know yourself, you will not be imperiled in a hundred battles.