Microfossils and their Applications in petroleum Industry
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It's a class presentation at Dept. Of Earth Sciences IIT bombay. I have included main type of the Microfossils and their index feature and applications.
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Microfossils and their Applications in petroleum Industry
- 1. Microfossils And Their Application Name- Sachin Yadav Roll No.-163060014
- 2. Microfossils- What are they ? • Mineral Walled microfossils study – Micropaleontology • Organic walled microfossils study – Palynology Why study Microfossils ? • Size • Much Diversity • Abundance • Specific Association • Easy to extract
- 3. 1. Foraminifera • Size generally less than 0.5mm • Test of having tectinous ,agglutinated or calcareous • Inhabiting marine or brackish water environments Planipiral involute Elphidium Planipiral evolute Spirillinamilioline Quinqueloculina biserial Heterohelix trochospiral Ammonia
- 5. 2. Calcareous Nannofossils • Size range is 5-60µm • Shape is hollow sphere composed of calcareous plates, called coccoliths • Habitat is particularly in zones of oceanic upwelling or pronounced vertical mixing region • Useful for the statistically valid result http://www.ucl.ac.uk/GeolSci/micropal/image s/calc/caldiag05.gif
- 6. 3. Diatoms • Unicellular algae ;external skeleton (a frustule) • Size range of frustules is 5 – 2000 µm • Algae with siliceous wall • Marine and fresh water ; many occur in polar ice caps to hot thermal springs • Jurassic – Recent http://www.ucl.ac.uk/GeolSci/micropal/diato m.html
- 7. 4. Ostracode • Calcareous or chitinous carapace • 0.5 mm to >5 mm. • Benthic and planktic • All aquatic environments and also moist soils • Ordovician – Recent • Good indicator of palaeoenvironment http://www.ucl.ac.uk/GeolSci/micro pal/ostracod.html
- 8. 5. Palynomorphs • Unicellular algae; organic wall. • 20 – 150 µ • Symbiotic, parasitic or as independent autotrophic planktons. • Marine, lagoonal and lacustrine. • Permian – Recent. • Good biostratigraphic potential a. Acritarchs b. Dinoflagellates c. Spore and Pollen http://lanwebs.lander.edu/faculty/rsfox/invert ebrates/protozoa.html
- 9. Application of MicrofossilsApplication of Microfossils 1. Petroleum Exploration1. Petroleum Exploration 3. Development of Field Core and SWC of Interested IntervalCore and SWC of Interested Interval 2. Appraisal of Discoveries2. Appraisal of Discoveries Correlation between appraisal and Discovery wellCorrelation between appraisal and Discovery well Reservoir Distribution and Reserve EstimationReservoir Distribution and Reserve Estimation 1. Exploration of prospect BiozonationBiozonation Coring point selectionCoring point selection Terminal depth decisionTerminal depth decision Stratigraphic monitoring while drilling Stratigraphic monitoring while drilling
- 10. It’s worth of crore while Horizontal Drilling monitoring- Source-Geological Survey of the Netherlands
- 11. Biostratigraphy
- 12. Graphic Correlation -Graphic Correlation - • Line of correlation • Rate of rock accumulation • Hiatus and hiatal intervals https://www.geol.umd.edu/~tholtz/G331/lectures/331biostrat2.html
- 13. Environment Interpretation on the basis of Assemblage :- (modified after Tewari , 2010)
- 14. Fig.-Map is showing the two sampling stations in the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal Estimation Of Carbon Export Flux to Deep ocean
- 15. • Microfossils give the refinement of geological time scale specially in Cenozoic • They are very sensitive to environment even a degree temp. difference will cause assemblage differences • Very good Index fossil ( Short Life span , Wide geographic distribution) • Isotopic study of microfossils test gives clue about paleo-temperature • Global Sea Level Curve using Phytoplankton • Precise Age determination of geological formation • Well Correlation during petroleum exploration • Use in Basin modelling • Use as maturity index of the oil prone source rock (Spore and Pollen) • More Diverse the benthic microfossils than the planktic and vise-versa for abundance Conclusion
- 16. 1. LOEBLICH, A. R., Jr. and TAPPAN, H., 1987. Foraminiferal genera and their classification. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, 2 vol. 2. JAUHRI, A. K., 1994. Carbonate buildup in the Lakadong Formation of the South Shillong Plateau, NE India: A micropaleontological perspective. 3. Armstrong Howard , Brasier Martin 2004 ;Microfossils, 2nd Edition 4. Internet references http://www.ucl.ac.uk/GeolSci/micropal/ https://www.geol.umd.edu/~tholtz/G331/lectures/331biostrat2.html http://www.wiley.com/legacy/wileychi/stjohn/supp/Chapter_3_Marine_Microfossils_and_Biost ratigraphy.pdf Reference:
- 17. Thank You !!!