The document discusses the architecture of the 8086 microprocessor. It introduces the major components of the 8086 including the Bus Interface Unit (BIU) which connects to memory and I/O devices, the Instruction Queue (IQ) which buffers instructions, the Control Unit which directs operation, and the Execution Unit (EU) containing the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) for performing calculations. A key feature of the 8086 was that it supported pipelining to improve performance by splitting processing between the BIU and EU stages.

2. Architecture of 8086
microprocessor
Presented by Mehran Aman

3. CONTENTS
 Architecture of 8086 Microprocessor
 BIU
 IQ
 Control Unit
 EU
 ALU

5. 8086 was first introduce in
1978.
it was the first 16-bit
microprocessor.
the specialty of this
microprocessor was that it can
support pipelining.
Pipelining through pipelining
support the faster execution.
Cause the whole execution is
divided into two parts. Such as
BIU and EU.

6. How BIU and EU Support
Pipelining.
Starting From BIU
 First we will understand.
All the microprocessor
are those processor that
fetch, decode and the
execute that data.
 Fetch data from memory
or IU devices.

7.  BIU is directly connected
to the memory & i/o
devices.
 The BIU is connected to
segment registers.
 Such as
(CS,DS,SS,ES,IP).
 In 8086 there are two
lines one is data and other
one is address.
 Data bus size is 16 bit.
 Address bus size is 20
(2^20)=1mb

8. Here is the physical
memory which size
is 1mb.
this whole memory
is divided into
separate segments
To calculate
PA(Physical
Address) we use
PA=Seg*10H+offset

9.  After Computing the input
data
 Now the data reached to
instruction queue
 8086 is consist of 6byte
instruction queue
 Instruction queue make
the process of execution
much faster
 As we know processor is
much faster than Mem &
IU. Because its work
through pipelining

10. CONTROL UNIT

11. After finishing the
BIU unit the data goes
to the Control Unit.
Control Unit is
actually the brain of
microprocessor 8086.

12.  EU
Specialty of 8086 is
that general purpose
register is divided
into 8 separate parts
Ax,Bx,Cx,Dx is 16-
bit in size if its
come to AH,AL and
so on so it will be in
8-bit in size

13.  ALU
Alu take two input and
give one output