Unit I curriculum for B.P.Ed. students. Bilingual presentation for students studying physical education.

1. Sports Medicine: Meaning, Definition, Aims, Objectives,
Modern Concepts and Importance;
Athletes Care and Rehabilitation: Contribution of Physical
Education Teachers and Coaches;
Need and Importance of the study of sports injuries in the
field of Physical Education;
Prevention of injuries in sports – Common sports injuries –
Diagnosis – First Aid - Treatment - Laceration – Blisters –
Contusion - Strain – Sprain – Fracture – Dislocation and
Cramps – Bandages – Types of Bandages – tapping and
supports.

2. What is Sports medicine
क्रीडावैद्यक शास्त्र म्हणजे काय?
A branch that deals with treatment and
prevention of injuries related to sports and
exercises.
क्रीडावैद्यक शास्त्र म्हणजे खेळातील व
व्यायामादरम्यान होणाऱ्या इजाांचे उपचार व प्रततबांध

3. Important points
महत्वाचे मुद्दे
1. Sporting activities are of various types. Eg. Individual sports, team games, ball
games, combat sports, aquatic sports. Depending upon the type of sports the
nature of activity and movements vary.
2. Some games / sporting events are rigorous in nature while some are soft but still
prone to injuries.
3. Sporting events do use safety equipments but still some injuries do happen.
4. Combat sports like boxing, wrestling, taekwondo and some ball games like football,
basketball and rugby are more prone to high risk injuries.
5. Practice sessions and competitions both are prone to injuries.
6. Long term participation in sports tend to give chronic injuries or overuse injuries.
7. Some injuries occur in aquatic sports like diving too.
8. Acute injuries if not treated on time may switch to chronic giving life long trouble
and pains.
9. Some sports give serious injuries which lead to lifelong deformities and some may
also be fatal.
10. Injuries may be open wounded or internal injuries causing inflammation and
swelling.

4. Aims and objectives of Sports medicine
1. To provide knowledge about preventive measures of
injuries in sports.
2. To provide information about sports injuries to sports
person.
3. To provide treatment to injured sports person.
4. To plan and execute the rehabilitation program of an
injured sports person.
5. To monitor various therapies and therapeutic exercises
given to a sports person.
6. To educate a player about causes of sports injuries due to
various reasons. Eg. Improper warm up and conditioning, lack of
proper fitness, faulty skill techniques , unavailability of protective gears/
equipments and environmental / external factors.

5. Modern concepts and importance of sports medicine
 Sports and games have become very fast and
rigorous in modern era.
 Moreover the structure and nature of games have
changed a lot.
 It has become mandatory for the amateur as well
as professional players to know basics of human
structure and its biomechanical work structure.
Intend to make them some what independent and
educated in some basic terms of injuries and
treatment.
therefore.....

6. ... It is important to
1. Inform the players about general anatomy and physiology.
2. Inform them about biomechanics and human movements.
3. Inform them about sports and possible injuries.
4. Inform about First aid
5. Orient about Sports injury treatment and rehabilitation.
6. To educate them about gender, age and training load.
7. Inform about scientific progression in sports performance.
8. Injuries and illness caused by environmental factors.
9. Inform them about use of safety equipments and standard
equipments.
10. Introduce to preventive and curative exercises.
11. Inform them about Sports and trauma
12. Inform them about physiotherapy and complete recovery.

7. Athletes care
 As athletes/ sports person excel in there respective games to perform
better and better in practice as well as tournaments, they are bound to get
exhausted and sometimes get an injury. Therefore utmost care must be
taken in each phase.
 The athletes care SOPs might differ in preparatory, pre- competitive,
competitive and transition or rest period.
 Separate program must be planned in injury recovery and overuse injuries.
 It must be well known that a player has a right to lead a normal life without
any pains and deformities after his sports career.
....So a systematic program for athletes care must be planned.

8. Rehabilitation
• Rehabilitation is restoration /regaining of earlier
or optimal form (anatomy/ structure) and
function (physiology)
• Rehabilitation is the act of restoring the original
state.
• An athlete’s original fitness and performance is
restored after the injury treatment and
recovery.

9. Principles of rehabilitation
1. Principle of diagnosis of state.
2. Principle of information and counselling.
3. Principle of systematic planning.
4. Principle of assistance to comfort.
5. Principle of volume, intensity and loading
6. Principle of monitored rest and recovery.
7. Principle of monitored diet.
8. Principle of periodic evaluation.
9. Principle of motivation and confidence building.
10. Principle of smooth switch over from rehabilitation to skill
training.

10. Contribution of physical education teachers and coaches in
athletes care and rehabilitation
1. To make sure that the athlete is having general fitness and proper
conditioning.
2. To see to it that the player undergo proper warm up before training or
tournament.
3. To observe that the player is in good mental state (stress free) during
training.
4. To ensure that the player is in proper state of fitness and conditioning to
perform a specific skill. (level of competition to be considered).
5. To check player’s kit and safety equipments before performances.
6. To consider the age of the player before imparting fitness training and skill
training.
7. To consider training age before training.
8. To motivate the player to for performing particular/ new skill.
9. To observe and note improper (faulty) movements.

11. 10. To impart first aid after injury despite utmost care taken.
11. After providing first aid physical education teacher/ coach should
immediately send the player to the doctor/physio for consultation to
avoid further damage.
12. After medical treatment from the doctor/ physio the physical education
teacher / coach should ensure that the player regains minimum physical
fitness and mental state to start training again.
13. Proper rehabilitation exercises should be prescribed to regain original
state of performance.
14. Factors like players age, training age, gender, intensity of injury, type of
injury should be considered to bring back the player to original state of
performance to which he/ she was before injury.

12. Sport injuries
क्रीडा दुखापती
1. Classification of injuries इजाांचे वर्गीकरण
2. Types of injuries इजाांचे प्रकार
3. Causes of injuries इजाांची करणे
4. Prevention of injuries इजाांना प्रततबांध
5. Common Sports injuries (Diagnosis, first aid and treatment)
क्रीडेतील सामान्य इजा (तनदान, प्रथोमोपचार व उपचार)

13. Sports injury
Any injury caused on playfields by own,
opponent or equipment's influence while
training or competing.
Sports injury disturbs the training schedules or
competition participation and performance at
any stage.
Sports injury sends a player in state of
temporary immobility and inactivity mode.

14. Classification of injuries
इजाांचे वर्गीकरण
Classification is mainly based on following factors and known as:
1. Nature of injury:
i) Open injury
ii) Closed injury
2. Location of injury:
i) Muscular
ii) Bone
iii) Joint
3. Period of injury:
i) Acute
ii) Chronic
iii) Overuse

15. Types of injuries
इजाांचे प्रकार
Mostly sports injuries are muscle( Soft tissue) injuries, bone injuries and
joint injuries.
Muscle injuries: One type are injuries that impact the muscles directly.
When the injury is on/from the outer layer of epithelial tissues and goes
deep down penetrating the muscle and caused bleeding.
These are mainly known as open wounds or injuries.
Second one is an internal injury to larger muscle area where bleeding may
not occur but it is due to high internal impact due to various improper
movements

16. Common injuries
Soft tissue/ muscular
1. Abrasion खरचटणे
2. Bruises/ contusion अांतर्गगत जखम
3. Laceration खोल जखम
4. Strain ताण
5. Sprain मुरर्गळणे
6. Cramps वात

17. Abrasion
खरचटणे
 It is the open wound/ injury to outermost layer (epidermis) of the
body i.e. Skin or epithelial tissue.
त्वचेच्या सवागत बाहेरील थराला झालेली इजा
 Caused due to skin rubbing against rough surface. (Playfield or
equipments)
ही इजा मैदानाच्या तक
ां वा क्रीडा साधनाच्या व त्वचेच्या घर्गणाने होते.
 It causes minimal bleeding.
खूप कमी रक्तस्त्राव होतो.
 They can be treated at home.
या इजेचे उपचार घरी क
े ले जाऊ
 In sporting events abrasion might cause due to sliding over the
playfields or friction of surface of the equipments.

19. Bruises/ contusion
अांतर्गगत जखम
 It is caused due to blow or impact of two surface with
the skin.
 It is an internal trauma which breaks the blood vessels
near the skin without causing any damage to the skin.
 Blood does not come out damaging the skin.
 Usually discolouring of the skin occur. ( From red to
blue or purple)
 Bleeding caused internally vanishes as per the time.
 In sports bruises might occur due to high impact due to
body to body or body to surface collisions.

21. Laceration
खोल जखम
 It is a deep cut or tear in skin or flesh.
 The cut is in skin and causes bleeding
 The wound is caused due to sharp object
 It is also referred as puncture.
 Heavy bleeding might occur and it must be
immediately taken care of so as to avoid blood loss.
 It might require stitches at times.
 In sports these type of injuries occur due to accidental
pierce of sharp objects ( Spikes in athletics) of the
equipment or piercing of tooth in boxing due to heavy
blow on the jaw.

23. Strain
ताण
 It is mild or severe injury to muscle, tendon or both.
 It occurs due to overstretching of muscle or tendon .
 In severe cases muscle usually ruptures/ tear.
 In severe cases it is painful to move the limb.
 Symptoms include pain, swelling, muscle spasms and
limited ability to move the muscle.
 In sports it occurs due to improper muscle movement or
overstretching. Overstretching due to pull, push or
excessive movements.
 Events like throwing events in athletics, weightlifting or
long distance running. It might occur in any sports which
involves excessive muscle movement of load to the muscle.

25. Sprain
मुरर्गळणे
 A sprain is a stretching or tearing of ligament.
 It is like spasm or cramp feeling.
 Often experience pain and swelling in the area affected.
 It might occur due to improper/ poor body mechanics or
movements.
 Movement is not possible and causes pain.
 The affected limb is to be kept still without movement and
application of ice is needed (RICE treatment is needed)
 Most common area of sprains in sports is ankle.

28. Bone injuries
Mostly bone injuries are fractures
Fractures are of various types.
They are roughly classified as per
1. Intensity and number of breakings.
2. Type of breaking in the bone.

29. Usually fractures are classified into
types below
1. Simple fracture
2. Compound fracture
3. Complicated fracture
4. Greenstick fracture
5. Comminuted fracture
6. Impacted fracture
7. Depressed fracture

30. Based on the bone breaking pattern
they are known as....
1. Transverse
2. Linear
3. Oblique
4. Spiral

31. Simple fracture
 As the name states its very simple break/ crack in the bone.
 No wound is visible outside.

32. Compound fracture
 In this type muscles and skin is also damaged.
 The broken part of the bone tears the muscles and skin and
comes outside.
 Wound is visible.
 Bleeding is also seen.

33. Complicated fracture
 Fracture where tissues , nerves and arteries are
damaged to some extent causing bleeding.
 It is somewhat like compound fracture but damaging
the internal organs to greater extent.
 Takes more time to heal than simple and compound
fractures.

34. Greenstick fractures
 As the name reflects it is like a broken/ bend green stick.
 It does not cause much damage. The bone does not break
completely.
 Common in children as their bones are very delicate.
 Can occur at very low stress.

35. Comminuted fracture
 In this type of fracture the bone is broken into two or more
pieces.
 It occur due to high impact by external force of collided body
or equipment. ( Either surface or some other body)
 Multiple collisions also are the causes.
 Common in cycling and motorcycle races.
 Might need surgery to fix bones again and takes longer
duration to recover.

37. Impacted fracture
 In these types of fractures the fractured bone enters another
bone.
 It is due to the two way impact or stronger impact from the
impact force.
 It is very painful.
 Might need surgery and greater time to recover.
 Post recovery pains are experienced often.

39. Depressed fracture
 Usually bones are broken and go down below the normal
level.
 Usually it occurs in skull.
 May occur in any sports which has high impact after fall or
collision of two bodies with direct blow on skull.