Pharmacognosy-I: Plant Families Garlic, Colchicum, Aloe

1. Contents:

2. Liliaceae Family
Submitted to : Dr. Samia

3. Students names:
• Amna Ashraf ……….Roll no.01
• Arooj Ramzi ..……….Roll no.05
• Fatima Akhter……….Roll no.11
• Fatima Atiq ………….Roll no.12
fatimaattique2019@gmail.com
• Marukh Waqeel…….Roll no.19
• Swera Abbas….……..Rollno.33
haseebabbasalibajwa@gmail.com

4. Liliaceae
• Habitat:
These are herbs and climbers,and rarely shrubs or trees with a
bulb or rhizome ,or with fibrous roots.
• Leaves:
These are simple, radical or cauline (growth of leaves on stem
node) or both.
• Flowers:
The flowers are regular, bisexual (rarely
unisexual)dioecious,as in smiled. They are timorous and hypogynous.
The bracts are usually small and scarious(thin, dry and membranous.

5. • Inflorescence:
This may be a spike,raceme,panicle or umbel ,often on a scale.
• Perianth:
. The perisnths are petaliod .These are usually six in two whorls.
They may be 3+3 and free (polphylous), or (3+3) ,and united( gamophyllous).
• Androecium:
. These are six stamens in two whorls ,3+3 rarely free or united with
the perisnths (epiphyllous) at base . The anthers are often dorsifixed.
• Gynoecium:
These are (3) carpels (syncarpous).The ovary in superior and three
celled. They are usually ovules in two rows in each loculus .The placentation
in axile.There are (3) or 3 styles.

6. • Fruits:
This may be berry or capsules .
• Seeds:
The seeds are albuminous.
• Floral formula or Diagram:

7. Examples:
•Onion
•Garlic
•Aloe
•Colchicum etc.

8. Aloe Vera
Introduction:
(1) Aloe Vera is a wonder
plant with health benefits so myriad
and astounding that hardly and part of
human body remains uninfluenced by
its healing touch.
(2)It’s has been used for its medicinal
values for serval thousands year .It
application have been recorded in
ancient cultures of India ,
Egypt,Greece,Time and china .These
Chinese called it their elixir of youth.

9. Continue:
• It has common names and often referred to
as burn plants ,first aid plants or medicine
plant. Its name is most likely derived from
Arabic word Aloeh meaning shinning bitter
substance.
• It is known by a number of names the
literature i.e.
. Aloe elgonate Murray, Aloe indica
Royale ,Aloe officinslis frisk.

10. Nomenclature:
Kingdom:Plantae
Order: Aspargales
Family:xanthorrhoeaceae
Subfamily: Asphodelaceae
Genus: Aloe
Species:A.vera.
Botanical name:Aloe vera
Trade name:Aloe
English name:Aloe

11. •Synonyms:
Aloe ;Ghrit Kumari (sansk).
• Family:
Liliaceae ( new family Asphodelaceae).
•Habitat:
There are 180 species of Aloe and most of
them are found in South Africa and West indies .A
barbadensis is a native of Northern Africa but it is
planted in Indian gardens and many other tropical
countries. Aloe plant is a typical xerophyte with thick

12. fleshy, strongly cuticularized spiny margined leaves
arranged in rosette formation.Erect unbranched flower
rises after rainy season in winter .It flourishes on poorest
soil and can be propagated easily by means of a sucker.
Active constituents:
1-glycosides
2-Barbaloin
3-Isobarbaloin
4-Beta-barbaloin
5- Chrysophenic acid

13. 6-Volatile oil
7-Resinous matter.
Chemical constituents:
1. Aloe contains mixture of crystalline glycosides known as` Aloin” (4-
5% in Cape of Aloe :28-25% in Curacao Aloe) ,resin (16-63% )
,emodin and volatile oil.

14. Fig: Chemical composition or property of
Aloe

16. Botanical identification:
1. Aloe vera is a hardy, perennial, topical , drought
resistance plant belongings to the liliaceae family which
historically has been used for a variety of medicinal
purposes.
2. It is a stem less or very short stemmed succulent plant
growing to 60-100cm(24-39in) tail, spreading by offset.

17. Macroscopic identification:
• Leaves:
It has thick leaves that grow in a
rosette shape .The parenchyma of leaves
contain large quantities of pulp.
Flowers:
The flowers are produced in
summer on a spike up to 90cm(35in)
tall,each flower being pendulous , with a
yellow tubular corolla 2-3cm(0.8-1.2 in)
long.There is no calyx.

18. Continue
• Roots:
The root system of the Aloe vera.
Tends to grow wide but not deep into soil.
• Fruits:
• Most aloes produce capsules dry
dehiscent fruits that spilt open at
maturity to release seeds. Fig: fruits of Aloe vera

19. Collection:
• The Aloe leaves contain spines at the
margins.
• For collection of juice of
A.bardadenisis.(Curacao Aloe) the leaves
are cut in March –April in V-shaped part
of vessel is kept under isolation.
• The juice is evaporated in copper vessel
open fire poured into cans or tans ,
allowed to solidify and exported

20. Method of preparation:
• The methods of preparation of aloes from different
varieties are varies slightly. The juice of Aloe Perryi
(Scotorine Aloe) is collected in goats or Sheep’s skin
container which is evaporated itself without
applying heat .
• The latex of Leaves Aloe ferox (Cape Aloe ) is boiled
in a drum for about 4-5cm hours on an open fire.
• It is then cooled quickly for getting vitreous or
shinny aloe.

21. Uses:
• Used as purgative and constipation .
• It is one of the ingredient of compound Benzoin
Tincture, ointment of Aloe gel is used to cure burn
caused by heat or skin irritation.
• The plants is valued to cure many skin disease
ulcerative skin conditions wounds, burns, snake bite
as hair tonic to treat enlarged spleen; tonic for
stomach and brain as a febrifuge and emmenagogue
to relieve burning sensation.

22. Garlic….
Introduction:
• Garlic , Latin name,allium sativum(alliaceae).
• Garlic has been used for both medicinal and culinary purposes.
• Today Garlic is widely recognised health enhancing supplement, used
for health and immune system, antioxidant property.
• The active component in Garlic is Sulfur compound allicin.

23. Garlic…..
Botanical name:
Allium sativum
Habitat :-
Garlic occurs in Central Asia ,
Southern Europe, and U.S.A.It is widely cultivated.
In India.
Synonyms :
Ail, Funnel.
English name:
Garlic.
Urdu name:
Lassan.

24. Continue…..
Family:
Liliaceae.
Part use:
Bulb.
Chemical constituents:
•Allicin(yellowish liquid).
• Alin.
• Mucilage.
• vitamin C.
• Albumin
• Alpha –glutamyl peptides.
• Amino acids as :-Methionine,leucine,cystine.

25. Continue…..
Morphology:-
It is a perennial herb having bulb with several clove, enclosed in a silky
whiteout pink membranous envelope.
Cultivation:-
The cultivation of Garlic is similar to that of onion. It is generally grown
as an irrigated crop throughout the year. It can be grown under a wide range
of climatic conditions but it succeeds best in mild climates without extreme of
heat and cold.It is grown on a wide variety of soils.It requires a rich well-
drained clay loam to grow well.The land in well ploughed to a fine tilt hand
beds and channels are made.Galic is planted during October-November in
plains and during February-March in the hills.The cloves are separated and
lightly into the soil.Garlic requires heavy manufacturing.

26. Continue……
Dosage:-
For B.P extract 600-1200mg, 3.5-29mg weekly for cancer prevention. For fungal infection
0.4%.
Route of administration:-
Oral and topical route.
Uses:-
•Anti cancer. • flavouring agent
• To treat respiratory disease, Bronchitis,Asthma,Tuberculosis.
• prevent atherosclerosis.
• act as stimulant.
• to treat hypertension.
• skin treatment in fungal infection.
• stronger bones. • improved memory

27. Continue……
Chemical structure of Allicin and Alliin:-

28. COLCHICUM:
Introduction :
o Colchicum is a genus of perennial
flowering plants containing around 160
species which grow from bulb like corns.
o All species in genus are toxic.

29. Nomenclature :
Kingdom. Plantae
Phylum Tracheophyta
Class Lilopsida
Order LiLiales
Family Liliaceae
Genus Colchicum
Specie Autumn corcus

30. Synonyms :
Synonyms for Colchicum are
• Autumn crocus
• Cigdem
• Colquico
• meadow Saffron
Biological source :
Colchicum consist of dried ripe seeds and corms of Colchicum
autumnale Linn. Belonging to family Liliaceae.
Geographical source:
• It is mainly found in Central and South Europe, Germany, Greece,
Spain, Turkey and England.

31. Cultivation :
• Plants prefer acid, neutral and basic soils
• can grow in semi shade or no shade
• require moist soil
• Germination can be slow taking up to 18 months at 45•C
• The seedling needs 4-5years to reach flowering size
•Collection :
• The fruit are collected and placed in muslin bags.
• Seeds are separated by shifting
• They are dried and used

32. •Characteristics :
• seeds are 2-3mm in diameter, globular.
• Outer surface is dark reddish –brown putted, very hard
• It is odorless bitter and in taste .
• The root is reniform in outline white and starchy internally ,taste
sweetish then bitter and acrid and odor radish like in fresh root but
lost in drying.
Chemical constituents :
• Active is to be an alkaline substance of a very poisonous nature
called colchicine.
• Beside colchicine, demecolcine and other alkaloids are present also
contain resin, called Colchicoresin, fixed oils and glucose and starch.

33. Chemical test:
• Colchicum corm with sulphuric acid (70%)or conc. HCL produce
yellow color due to the presence of colchicines.

34. Uses :
• Both corm and seeds are analgesic , anti-rheumatic ,cathartic and
emetic.
• Mainly used in treatment of gout and rheumatic complaints, usually
accompanied with an alkaline diuretic.
• In treatment of leukemia , beckets syndrome,
• toxic plant so should not be prescribed for pregnant women or
patient with kidney disease
• Should be used Under supervision of a qualified practitioner.
• Market products :
it is one of ingredients of preparation known as
Aujai capsules.

35. •