III – Development of Mental Asylum
By:
SANA KASHIF M.A (Psychology)
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF
PSYCHOPATHOLOGY

Development of Asylum
• MENTALLY ILL PEOPLE WERE USED TO CONFINED SINCE EARLY
SUPERNATURAL ERA.
• 12TH CENTURY THERE WERE 220 ‘LEPROTIC HOSPITALS’ WHICH
LATER TURNED TO MENTAL ASYLUMS IN 15TH CENTURY WHEN
LEPROSY WAS ON DECLINE.
• IN MENTAL ASYLUMS MENTALLY ILL PEOPLE WERE USED TO
CHAINED UP LIKE PRISONERS.

St.Mary of Bethlehem
• In 1547, St.Mary of Bethlehem
became hospital devoted to
confinement of mentally ill
people.
• It was one of most known
asylum in history.
• Its popular name was ‘Bedlam’
because of its miserable
condition.

Lunatic Tower, Vienna
• Lunatic Tower
Constructed in 18th
Century .
• Mentally People were
confined in spaces
between inner square
rooms and the outer
walls, where they can be
viewed.

Tourist Attraction
• Bethlehelm Assylum became one of
London’s Great Tourist Attraction.
• People came to see these mentally ill
people to find Amusement in
touring.
• In Lunatic Tower mentally ill people
could be viewed by passerby.

Treatments
Drawing Blood Out:
• Benjamin Rush believed that
menatal diorders was caused by
an excessive amount of blood in
the brain.
• For that reason, his favoured
treatmemt was to draw great
quantities of blood from
disordered individuals.
Frightening:
• Rush also believed that many
people with mental illness could
be cured by being frightened.
• One of his recommended
procedures was to convince the
patient that death was near!

Reformation of
Asylum
Phillippe pinel &
Jean Baptiste Pussin
• When Pinel arrived Pussin had
already reformed assylum by
removing chains from patients.
• They began to treat patients as
more humanly.

Moral Therapy
Dring first half of 19th Century, a
strong Psychosocial Approach to
mental disorders called MORAL
THERAPY became influential.
In Moral Therapy, Patients had close
contact with attendants, who talked
and read to them and encourage
them to be productive.

Decline Of Moral Therapy
• Moral Therapy declined because of:
1. Loads of Patients.
2. Dorothea Dix wfforts for the betterment and Hygiene of
Lunatics which was affected due to loads of patients.
• Due to this decline Biological tradition was back.
• And the money once paid the salaries of personal attendants,
now paid to equipment and laboratories

Psychological Tradition
PSYCHOLOGY AS A CAUSE OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY EMERGED IN 2OTH
CENTURY BY FAMOUS CONTEMPORARY SCHOOLS OF PSYCHOLOGY.
PSYCHOANALYSIS
• The First major approach who elaborate role of unconsciousness as a cause of
Psychopathology.
BEHAVIORISM
• Learning and Adaptation affect the development of Psychopathology

Thank You.