1. Air University, Multan Campus
A Faderally Charted Public Sector University
Introduction
Course: Artifical Intelligence
Tutor: Dr. Muhammad Sanaullah
muhammad.sanaullah@polito.it

2. What is Intelligence?
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3. What is Intelligence?
 Intelligence is an umbrella term used to describe a property of the
mind that encompasses many related abilities, such as the
capacities to
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reason
plan
solve problems
think abstractly
comprehend ideas
use language
learn.
 Intelligence may be judged by
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creativity
personality
character
knowledge
wisdom
skills

4. Features of Intelligence
Intelligence is the ability to learn about, learn from,
understand, and interact with the environment.
It may encompassed of the following specific
features:
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Adaptability to a new environment or to changes in the
current environment
Capacity for knowledge and the ability to acquire it
Capacity for reason and abstract thought
Ability to comprehend relationships
Ability to evaluate and judge
Capacity for original and productive thought

5. Intelligence of Computer
According to the British computer scientist Alan
Turing's test in (1950):
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“a computer would deserves to be called intelligent if it
could deceive a human into believing that it was human.”
The users remain unaware of computer existence
and the system can automatically performed the
activities according to the prescribed specifications.
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6. What is Artificial Intelligence (AI)?
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“A branch of a computer science which studies the
development of software and hardware which
simulates human intelligence” (Dr. Ghassan Issa)
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“AI is the study of how to make computer do things
at which, at the moment, people are better” (Rich
and Knight)
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7. What is Artificial Intelligence (AI)?
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“AI is study of idea that enable computers to be
intelligent” (Patrick H. Winston)
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Thus, AI is the study of programmed systems that can
simulate, to some extent, human activities such as
perceiving, thinking, learning and acting.
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8. Academic Disciplines relevant to AI
Disciplines
Methods
Philosophy
Logic, methods of reasoning, mind as physical system,
foundations of learning, language, rationality.
Mathematics
Formal representation and proof, algorithms,
computation, (un)decidability, (in)tractability
Probability/Statistics
modeling uncertainty, learning from data
Economics
utility, decision theory, rational economic agents
Neuroscience
neurons as information processing units.
Psychology/ Cognitive how do people behave, perceive, process cognitive
Science
information, represent knowledge.
Computer Engineering building fast computers
Control theory
design systems that maximize an objective function
over time
Linguistics
knowledge representation, grammars
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9. Human Intelligence VS
Artificial Intelligence
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10. Human Intelligence VS
Artificial Intelligence
Pros
Human Intelligence
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Intuition, Common
sense, Judgement,
Creativity, Beliefs etc
The ability to
demonstrate their
intelligence by
communicating
effectively
Plausible Reasoning
and Critical thinking
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Artificial Intelligence
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Ability to simulate
human behavior and
cognitive processes
Capture and preserve
human expertise
Fast Response. The
ability to comprehend
large amounts of data
quickly.

11. Human Intelligence VS
Artificial Intelligence
Cons
Human Intelligence
• Humans are fallible
• They have limited
knowledge bases
• Information processing of
serial nature proceed
very slowly in the brain as
compared to computers
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Humans are unable to
retain large amounts of
data in memory.
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Artificial Intelligence
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No “common sense”
Cannot readily deal with
“mixed” knowledge
May have high
development costs
Raise legal and ethical
concerns

12. Human Intelligence VS
Conventional Computing
We achieve more than we know. We know more than we
understand. We understand more than we can explain
(Claude Bernard, 19th C French scientific philosopher)
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13. Human Intelligence VS
Conventional Computing
Artificial Intelligence
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AI software uses the
techniques of search
and pattern matching
Programmers design AI
software to give the
computer only the
problem, not the steps
necessary to solve it
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Conventional Computing
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Conventional computer
software follow a logical
series of steps to reach
a conclusion
Computer programmers
originally designed
software that
accomplished tasks by
completing algorithms

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Design Time Methodology for the Formal Modeling and Verification of Smart Environments