FY D PHARMACY

1. INTERNAL
PROTECTIVES
AND
ADSORBENTS
PROF. SANDIP MAVCHI SIR.

2. INTERNAL PROTECTIVES AND
ADSORBENTS
-Prof. Sandeep Mavchi Sir.

3. Definition:
This are the inorganic
pharmaceuticals
which are used in the
treatment of mild
diarrhoea, they are
responsible for
covering of mucosal
layer in the stomach,
large & small
intestine.
-Prof. Sandeep Mavchi Sir.

4. Classification:
1. Bismuth containing protectives:
Eg. Bismuth subcarbonate, bismuth
subnitrate, bismuth of milk, bismuth
subgalate, bismuth salicylate, bismuth
ammonium citrate.
2. Kaolin containing protectives:
Eg. Light kaolin, Heavy Kaolin (China
clay).
3. Miscellaneous protectives:
Eg. Attapulgite, Activated wood charcoal.
-Prof. Sandeep Mavchi Sir.

5. BISMUTH SUBCARBONATE:
Chem. Formula:
((BiO)2CO3)2.H2O
Synonyms: Basic
Bismuth Carbonate.
Physical properties:
-Its composition is
varies when it is
precipitated.
-On ignition it gives not
less than 90% and not
more than 92% of
Bi2O3.
-Prof. Sandeep Mavchi Sir.

6. STORAGE….
1.White or pale yellow,
odourless, tasteless
powder which is stable
in the air but it is
affected by light,
therefore required to
store in well closed
containers, light
resistant containers.
2.Practically insoluble
in water and alcohol.
-Prof. Sandeep Mavchi Sir.

7. Pharm. Uses:
1. Used as protective
in conditions like
mild diarrhea,
Small and large
intestine ulcers,
Dysentery and
ulcerative colitis.

8. Pharm. Uses:
2.Used as mild antacid,
mild astringent and an
antiseptic.
3. Bismuth containing
drugs can be used
topically as protective
in the form of lotions
& ointments.

9. 2) LIGHT KAOLIN:
Chem. Formula: Al2O3.2SiO2.2H2O.
Synonym: Light kaolin.
It is hydrated alum. Silicate
collected or obtained
from native kaolin.
Physical properties:
1.It occurs as soft,
yellowish white powder or
as lumbs free from gritty
particles and unctous to
touch.
-Prof. Sandeep Mavchi Sir.

10. Properties….
1.It has clay like earthy taste when it is moist with water
and it develops clay like odour.
2.Insoluble in water and alcohol as well as in cold
dilute acids or alkali hydroxides.
3.Chemically it is inert and it is insoluble in all solvents.
4.It is soluble in strong acids and alkalis.

11. 1.External Uses:
1.Light kaolin is
used as a
Dusting powder
and adsorbent in
various types of
skin disorders.

12. 2.Internal Uses:
b) As mucosal covering agent
it is used in the treatment of
ulcerative colitis, Dysentery,
Diarrhea….
For this purpose light kaolin
is used in combination with
carbohydrate like pectin in
which kaolin absorbs toxins
and bacteria's.
-Prof. Sandeep Mavchi Sir.

13. 3.Used as cataplasm (Drug carrier) in
implants.
• It is a medical
dressing consisting of
a plaster or clay that
is spread on a cloth
and applied to the
skin to treat inflamed
areas or improve
circulation etc.

14. ‘SALINE CATHARTICS’
Definition of Saline
cathartics:
These are the
pharmaceutical agents
which are used in the
treatment of
constipation in which
they are responsible
for complete
evacuation of bowel.

16. CATHARASIS….
• GREEK WORD
katharsis
meaning
"purification" or
"cleansing").
• PURGATION-
Purging The
Body By The Use
Of A Cathartic To
Stimulate
Evacuation Of
The Bowels
-Prof. Sandeep Mavchi Sir.

17. -Prof. Sandeep Mavchi Sir.
• Laxative: The
agents which are
mild in action in the
treatment of
constipation.
• Purgatives: The
agents which are
stronger in action

18. Classification of saline cathartics:
Saline Cathartics
Bulk forming: Eg.Isapgol, Plantago ovata, Methyl
cellulose, Carboxy Methyl cellulose, Bran.
Stool softners: Eg. DOSS (Dioctyl sod. Sulpho
Saccinate)
Purgatives(Stimulant): Eg.Phenolphthalein, Bisacodyl,
Senna leaf, Cascara sagarda, Castor oil.
Osmotic laxatives: Eg. Mag. Sulphate, sod. Pot.
Tartrate.
Lubricants/Emollients: Eg. Liquid Paraffin.
-Prof. Sandeep Mavchi Sir.

19. Mechanism action of Saline Cathartics/Osmotic
laxative:
Saline cathartics mainly contains salts of
poorly absorbable ions i.e. Mg+2, SO4-2
which are when taken internally increases
the osmotic load in an intestine results in
increase of unabsorbed ions enormously
which increases peristalsis and bowel
movement by softening the stool in rectum
and results in bowel evacuation.

20. -Prof. Sandeep Mavchi Sir.

21. Nausea and vomiting can take place
due to excessive intake of H2O. It is
also observed in patient with kidney
stone while administration of Mag.
Tartrate containing saline
cathartics.

22. MAGNESSIUM SULPHATE:
•
Chem. Formula:
MgSO4.7H2O,
• Mol.Wt: 246.47
• Synonyms: Epsom’s salt.
Standards:
Mag. Sulphate contains
not less than 99%w/w and
not more than 100%w/w
of MgSO4.

23. Properties:
1.MgSO4 is Odourless,
colourless, needle shaped,
crystalline powder with
cooling, saline, bitter
taste.
2. Freely soluble in water,
practically insoluble in
acids.

24. Effect of Heat:
Mag. Sulphate when exposed to dry air it
looses one molecule of water and it is again
heated upto 150oc to 160oc then it looses 5
molecules of water.
It is again heated upto 280oc it forms Dried
mag. Sulphate.
-Prof. Sandeep Mavchi Sir.

25. EFFECT OF HEAT….
MgSO4.7H2O
MgSO4.6H2O
MgSO4.H2O
MgSO4.
• Above reaction indicates Mag. Sulphate is efflorescent in nature.

26. Chem. Properties:
1. When it reacts with sod. Carbonate
in presence of water it forms white
gelatinous ppt. of basic carbonate with
sod. Sulphate and CO2.
5MgSO4+5Na2CO3+6H2O
4MgCO3.Mg(OH)2+5Na2SO4+
5H2O+CO2
-Prof. Sandeep Mavchi Sir.

27. Chem. Properties:
2. When it reacts with sodium hydrogen
phosphate in presence of aq. Ammonia
solution it forms white crystalline ppt.
of Mag. amm. Phosphate.
MgSO4+NH4OH+Na2HPO4
Mg.Na4PO4+Na2SO4+H2O
-Prof. Sandeep Mavchi Sir.

28. Properties…….
• 3. Aq. Solution of mag. Sulphate
gives positive reaction for
identification test of Mg+2 and SO-
2.
-Prof. Sandeep Mavchi Sir.

29. Storage:
It is stored in well closed containers
due to efflorescent nature.
Incompatibilities:
1.Incompatible with alkali carbonates and
bicarbonates.
2.Strong solution of MgSO4 is incompatible
with Sodium and Potassium bromide.
-Prof. Sandeep Mavchi Sir.

30. USES…….
• 1.Used as saline
cathartics or
osmotic laxative
in the treatment
of constipation
-Prof. Sandeep Mavchi Sir.

31. Uses…
•
2.Used
parenterally as
an
anticonvulsant.
3.
50% of MgSO4
in water has
been given as
an Enema.
-Prof. Sandeep Mavchi Sir.

32. •4.It is used in
various
inflammatory conditions.
-Prof. Sandeep Mavchi Sir.

33. •5.One of the ingredient
of aperients (drug used to
relieve constipation).
mineral water.
-Prof. Sandeep Mavchi Sir.

34. • 6.Orally used as as an
antidote for heavy metal
poisoning.
-Prof. Sandeep Mavchi Sir.

35. 7.Used as antiarrythmic
agent.
8.Used in the treatment
of Hypomagnesaemia.
-Prof. Sandeep Mavchi Sir.

36. -Prof. Sandeep Mavchi Sir.
2.SODIUM POTASSIUM TARTRATE:
Chem. Formula:
KNaC4H4O6·4H2O…
Mol.wt.- 210
Synonym:
Signette’s salt,
Rochelle’s salt.

37. -Prof. Sandeep Mavchi Sir.
2.Kalii natrii tartras
tetrahydricus
3.Potassium Sodium Tartrate
4.Potassium sodium tartrate
tetrahydrate

38. Physical properties:
• White, colourless,
crystalline powder or has
large colourless
transparent rhombic
prisms, odourless, cooling
and saline taste.
-It is Efflorescent in
nature.
-Freely soluble in water
and insoluble in alcohol.
-Prof. Sandeep Mavchi Sir.

39. -Prof. Sandeep Mavchi Sir.

40. Effect of Heat:
When it is heated more than 75c it carbonizes by giving
odour of burned sugar with residue of sod. and pot.
carbonates.
2C4O6KNa + 5O2 K2CO3+ Na2CO3 + 4H2O +
6CO2
Storage:
As efflorescent nature it should be stored
in airtight containers.
-Prof. Sandeep Mavchi Sir.

41. Pharm. Uses:…..
1.It is used as osmotic
laxative/Saline
cathartics.
2.Its palatable form is
used as compound
effervescent powder
(Laxative or antacid).
-Prof. Sandeep Mavchi Sir.

42. Uses…..
5.As a food
additive, its
E- number is
E337.
-Prof. Sandeep Mavchi Sir.
A solution of
E101 riboflavin (also known as
Vitamin B2)

43. USES…..
4.It is also an ingredient in
the Biuret reagent
which is used for
identification of
Protein . Fehling's B is
a clear and colorless
solution of
aqueous Potassium
Sodium Tartrate.
-Prof. Sandeep Mavchi Sir.

44. ‘THANK YOU’
-Prof. Sandeep Mavchi Sir.