Research Methodology

1. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Presented By Presented To
Dr. Manoj Medal
Sunidhi
Ph.D.(Pharmaceutics)
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Guru Jambheswar University of Science and Technology
Hisar, Haryana

2. CONTENTS
 Meaning
 Objective
 Type of Research
 Significance of Research
 Creativity and Innovation
 Hypothesis Formulation
 Development of Research Plan

3. RESEARCH
 Research is a logical and systematic search
for new and useful information on a
particular topic.
 It is an art of investigation of new and
innovative aspect of any branch of
knowledge.

4. It comprises of:
 Defining and redefining of
problem
 Formulating hypothesis
 Suggest solution and solution
approaches
 Collecting and analyzing data
 Experimenting
 Validating hypothesis
 Deducting new conclusions.

5. Objective of Research
To discover answers to questions
through the application of scientific
procedures.
To find out the truth which is hidden
and which has not been discovered
as yet.

6. Methodology
 Methodology is the systematic,
theoretical analysis of the methods
applied to a field of study.

7. Research Methodology
It is the process used to collect
information and data for the
purpose of making decision.
Research methodology is also
defined as the study of methods by
which knowledge is gained.

8. Types of Research
Applied and Fundamental
Descriptive and Analytical
Qualitative and Quantitative
Conceptual and Empirical

9. APPLIED RESEARCH
 Aims at finding a solution for an
immediate Problem.
 Well known and accepted theories and
principles are employed.
 Most of experimental research and case
studies are applied research.

10. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH
 Pure or basic research
 Concerned with generalizations and with
the formulation of a theory
 Directed towards finding information that
has a broad base of applications
 Adds to the already existing organized
body of scientific knowledge

11. DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH
 Fact finding enquiries of different kinds
 Description of the state of affairs as it
exists at present
 Survey methods including comparison and
correlation methods

12. ANALYTICAL RESEARCH
 Analysis of already available fact or
information.
 Critical evaluation of the material is made.
 Focuses on causes, effect and outcome of
a particular aspect.

13. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
 Involving quality or kind
 Used to gain understanding of underlying
reasons, opinions and motivations.
 Provides insights into the problem.
 Helps to develop ideas or hypothesis for
potential quantitative research.

14. QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
 Based on measurement of quantity or
amount
 Used to quantify problem by generating
numerical data

15. CONCEPTUAL RESEARCH
 Related to some idea or theory
 Generally used by philosophers and
thinkers
 Development of new concepts or
interpretation of existing ones

16. EMPIRICAL RESEARCH
 Relies on experience or observation
 Often without any due regard for system or
theory
 Data based research
 Conclusions are verified by observations or
experiments

17. Significance of Research
 Produce knowledge.
 Provide guidelines for solving problem of
concern.
 Leads to identification and characterization of
new materials.
 It helps in finding the solution.
 To the students who are to write a Ph.D., it is
a careerism.
 To professionals in research methodology
research means a source of live hood.

18.  To philosopher and thinkers research may mean
the outlet for new ideas and insights.
 To the intellectual research mean the
generalization of new theories.
 Promotes development of logical habits of
thinking and organization
 Outlet for new ideas and insights.
 Generalization of new theories.

19. CREATIVITY AND INNOVATION
CREATIVITY
 “idea generation”
 Thinking process.

20. INNOVATION
 “creativity implemented”.
 Putting the “Idea in to Practice”.

21. Main Difference Between
Creativity and Innovation
 Creativity is a thinking process.
 Innovation is a productive process.
 innovation “adds value to the idea” which
otherwise remains as a mere idea.
 Innovation is implementation of
something new.
 Creativity leads to innovation

22. Hypothesis Formulation
 Hypothesis : Presumption, “Educated
Guess”.
 It represents an educated guess about
what will happen in an experiment.
 Hypothesis is a tentative prediction about
the nature of the relationship between two
or more variables.
 A research hypothesis is a testable
statement derived from the research
question.

23. Types of Hypothesis
Hypothesis
Research
Hypothesis
Directional
Non-
Directional
Statical
Hypothesis
Null
Hypothesis
Alternative
Hypothesis

24. Research Hypothesis
 Directional Hypothesis:
 Predict the specific relationship among two or
more variables or groups. Predicts the specific
direction that a correlation will take.(Positive,
Negative, Curvilinear).
 Non-Directional Hypothesis:
 Predict that there will be difference among
two or more groups, but do not specify the
direction of differences.

25. Statical Hypothesis
 These are the mathematical or logical statement that
help researchers to interpret the results of research.
 Null Hypothesis:
 It states that there is no relationship between the
two variable being studied. The results are due to
chance and are not significant in terms of supporting
the idea being investigated.
 Alternate Hypothesis:
 There is a relationship between the two variable
being studied. The results are not due to chance and
they are significant in terms of supporting the idea
being investigated.

26. DEVELOPMENT OF RESEARCH PLAN

27. Reference:
 Kothari CR. (2004) ‘Research Methodology :
Methods & Techniques’, 2nd edition, New Age
International Publisher, New Delhi, 1-23.