1. Sara Zeidman
RED4348
CA1
How Do Airplanes Fly?
https://www.readworks.org/article/How-Do-Airplanes-Fly/ee51c302-912c-4190-8ca7-
63a9c95c881b#!articleTab:content/
6th grade Non-Fiction
2. Before Reading Strategies
1. Preview title and headings
2. Look at pictures
3. Ask self what you already know about topic
4. Think about the purpose of reading this article
5. Decode difficult words
3. In-Depth Explanation of Before
Reading Strategies
The student will first preview the title and headings. When doing this, the
student will first read the title of the article, then the student will go through
the article and see if there are any additional headings. The student will begin
to brainstorm what the article may be about based on these previews.
The next reading strategy is looking at pictures. This is helpful because it links
a visual to the story. While looking at the pictures, this should help the student
to now have an even better understanding of what they will read.
The third reading strategy is brainstorming what you already know about the
topic. The student should think of background information that may be
helpful to them on the topic.
The next reading strategy is thinking about the purpose of reading. There are
many purposes of reading: reading for entertainment, to inform, or to
persuade.
The final reading strategy is decoding difficult words. The student should
preview through the article and see if they notice any words they do not
recognize. If they do not know the word, they should stop to try to decode the
difficult word. If they still cannot figure it out, they should raise their hand and
ask the teacher for assistance.
4. During Reading Strategies
1. Stop and summarize while reading
2. Visualize what they are reading
3. Seek clarification when there are questions
4.Make inferences
5. Make connections between ideas, concepts, and
characters in article
5. In-Depth Explanation of During
Reading Strategies
• The first strategy for students to use when reading is stopping and
summarizing while reading. This is important to do every so often
while reading, maybe every paragraph for younger readers to make sure
the student understands what they are reading.
• The next strategy is visualizing the article. This means thinking about
what this may mean and drawing pictures in your head to match the
article. It may even mean imagining the characters if there is any.
• Another strategy is seeking clarification. This means if a student does
not know what a word means or is confused by the meaning of the
article they will raise their hand and ask for help to better understand.
• The next strategy is making inferences. This means the student is
guessing what will be happening next in the story or making
predictions about the article.
• The final strategy for during reading is making connections. That
means relating the ideas or concepts to something that the student
knows. The student should be doing this while reading.
6. After Reading Strategies
1. Write or speak on a topic related to read material
2. Summarize a reading selection
3. Compare what was read to something already known
4. Generate questions about the text
5. Outline the text
7. In-Depth Explanation of After
Reading Strategies
• The first strategy includes writing or speaking about the topic
that students read. This may include an assignment that is given
to follow the article or just talking as a class about the article.
• Another strategy for after reading is summarizing the selection.
This includes summarizing what was read, whether it be the
whole article or just a section of it.
• The next strategy is comparing what was read to something
already known. This means the student thinks about what was
read and thinks about an experience they have had or something
they know that relates to the topic.
• Another strategy is generating questions. This means the student
is thinking about the text and coming up with questions they
had after reading the article.
• The last strategy for after reading is outlining the text. This can
be done with a Venn-diagram or a simple story outline.
8. Examples of how to use with “How
Do Airplanes Fly?”
Before Reading Strategy Examples
1. Preview Title/Headings
-Student reads title: How Do Airplanes Fly?
-Student realizes there is no headings but three bolded sections titled “Fact 1, Fact 2, Fact 3”.
2. Look at pictures
-Student looks at pictures and sees three pictures ;one labeled with parts, one with plane
and an arrow, and one with what looks to be wind.
3. Ask self what you already know about topic
-Student asks self what they already know about airplanes. Brainstorm.
4. Think about purpose of reading
-Student recognizes the article as non-fiction and remembers the purpose of non-fiction is
usually to inform.
5. Decode difficult words
-Student looks through article for words that may be difficult and finds the words:
gravitational, yields, thrust, resistance, and disruption.
9. Examples from How Do Airplanes
Fly?
During Reading Strategy Examples
• Stop and summarize
-Student stops and summarizes what they read after every paragraph. (6 paragraphs= 6 stops in
this article)
Visualize what they are reading
-Student should think about what they are seeing in their head when they are reading the article.
For example, while reading this, the students most likely picture an airplane. The article gives
pictures which helps visualize.
• Seek clarification
-Student will seek clarification or ask for help when confused. For example, if the student cannot
sound out gravitational after trying, they will raise their hand and ask the teacher what they
word is. The teacher should tell the student the word as well as explain what the word means.
• Make inferences
-Student should guess what is going to happen next by making a logical prediction. For example,
in this article the student may think the next thing is the author may explain what happens
when the plane is in flight.
• Make connections
-Student should make connections with article. For example, student may remember they have
been on an airplane before or they know someone who is a pilot.
10. Examples from Article Con’t.
After Reading Strategy Examples
Students write or speak on topic
-For example, students may stand up and say one thing that they learned about the article
after reading.
• Summarize the reading selection
-The student can summarize the reading selection by writing a paragraph on what the article
was about that they read.
• Compare what was read to something already known
-The student may compare the How Do Airplanes Fly article to the fact that their dad is a
pilot. Therefore, they have background knowledge on airplanes.
• Generate questions
-The student may come up with any questions such as “How do the wheels go up into the
airplane when it takes off? after reading the article.
• Outline the text
-Students can create a venn-diagram comparing the airplane to a bus and then using the
middle of the venn-diagram as a both section.
11. Works Cited
Bursuck, W. D., Damer, M., (2015). Teaching Reading
to Students who are At risk or have disabilities: A
multi-tier, RTI Approach. Pearson: Upper Saddle River,
NJ.
Farid, H., (2015). How Do Airplanes Fly? Retrieved
from URL. https://www.readworks.org/article/How-
Do-Airplanes-Fly/ee51c302-912c-4190-8ca7-
63a9c95c881b#!articleTab:content/
