Computer Systems and
Information Technology
Applications
Facilitator: Nischeet Ratna Tuladhar
Email: nischeet.tuladhar@thamescollege.edu.np

Unit II: Input Devices
1. Definition of Input Devices
2. its type (Mouse, Keyboard, Microphone, Scanner, TouchPanel, MICR, OBR and
OMR),
3. Uses of input devices.
 Content of this unit

What is Input Device?
 An input device is any hardware device that sends
data or instruction to a computer, allowing you to
interact with and control it.
 For example
 Keyboard and mouse are primary input devices of
Computer System.
 There are many types of input devices like:
Microphone, Scanner, webcam, bar-code Reader,
TouchPanel, MICR, OBR(Optical Braille
Recognition)and OMR (Optical Mark Recognition)

Types of Input Devices:
1. Keyboard
2. Mouse
3. Microphone
4. Scanner
5. Touch Panel
6. MICR
7. OBR
8. OMR

Keyboard:
 Keyboard is an input device consisting of a set of typewriter like keys
that enables you to enter data into a computer.
 Computer keyboards are similar to electric typewriter keyboard but
contains additional keys .
 Different types of keys are:
 Alphanumeric Keys: alphabet and numbers
 Punctuation Keys: Comma, Period, Semicolon and so on.
 Special Keys: Function, Command, arrow, Caps lock etc.
 The standard layout of keyboard is QWERTY keyboard.
 It was designed in 1800 for mechanical typewriter to write slowly to
avoid jam while typing.
 Another keyboard design for fast typing is Dvorak Design
 IBM Keyboard contains additional page up, page down, home, end,
Insert, pause, numlock, scroll, break, etc
 Apple computer have several keyboards called ADB keyboards

Mouse:
 Mouse is a device that controls the movement of the cursor or pointer on
display screen.
 A mouse is a small device that can be roll along the hard flat surface.
 Mouse / Mice contains at least one button and sometimes three buttons
which have different functions.
 Invented by Douglas Engelbart of Stanford Research Center in 1963, and
pioneered by Xerox in 1970
 Mouse is a breakthrough technology to use as main input device in GUI
based programs.
 Types of Mouse/Mice:
 Mechanical: Used Metal or rubber ball as it can know the direction of device
with the rolling.
 Opto-mechanical: Used optical sensor but still is mechanical mouse.
 Optical: Uses laser to detect the mouse’s movement. It is more quick than
mechanical mouse.
 Mouse or mice are connected to PC with either Serial mice Connect which
is PS/2 port or Bus mice through interface card or Cordless which is not
connected physically.

Microphone
 A Microphone is an input device that was developed by Emile Berliner
in 1877.
 It is used to convert sound waves into electric waves or input the audio
into computers.
 It captures audio by converting sound waves into an electrical signal,
which may be a digital or analog signal.
 This process can be implemented by a computer or other digital audio
devices.
 Regularly, microphones are designed on the basis of directionality,
besides the type of device.
 Such as, Omnidirectional microphones are capable of picking up all
sounds in an area, but it is unable to dfocus on a particular subject with
background noise.
 What is the use of a microphone on the computer?
 It is used for voice recording.
 It offers users the option of voice recognition.
 It allows users to record sound of musical instruments.
 It enables users to online chatting.
 It allows us for VoIP (Voice over internet protocol).
 It is also used for Computer gaming.
 Furthermore, it can record voice for singing, podcasts, and dictation.

Scanner
 Scanner is an input device that reads text or image that translated the
information into a form that the computer uses.
 Scanner works by digitizing an image dividing into a grid of boxes and
representing each box whether with zero or one.
 The resulting matrix of bits, called a bit map can then be stored in a file,
displayed on a screen and manipulated by programs.
 Optical scanners do not distinguish text from illustrations.
 For reading text type scanning require OCR (Optical Character
Recognition) system to translate the image into ASCII characters
 Different Types of Scanner:
 Flatbed Scanner: It has a glass pane and a moving optical CIS or CCD array.
 Handheld Scanner: It is a small manual scanning device which is held by hand
and is rolled over a flat image that is to be scanned.
 Sheetfed Scanner: In this scanner, the document is inserted into the slot
provided in the scanner.
 Drum Scanner: Drum scanner has a photomultiplier tube (PMT) to scan
images.
 Photo Scanner: It is designed to scan photographs.

Touch Panel
 Touch panel or screen is a type of display screen that
has a touch sensitive transparent panel covering the
screen.
 Instead of using a pointing device such as a mouse or
light pen, you can use your finger to point directly to
objects on the screen.
 Although screens provide a natural interface for
computer novices.
 These types of devices like smartphone, tablet, touch
monitors that uses touch of a figure as input data.
 But due to the big size of the finger touch some time
its is not ideal for input.
 For that a touch pen can be useful as the touch point
of pen will be much smaller than that of a figure which
can be useful for some precise work like graphics
design.

MICR
 MICR (magnetic ink character recognition) is a technology
invented in the 1950s that's used to verify the legitimacy or
originality of checks and other paper documents.
 It allows the computer to recognize characters printed using
magnetic int.
 It is use in bank.
 In the bank, cheques that are have some number which is printed
on the bottom are made with special type of magnetic ink and
these devices reads those characters.
 Some other related technology will be debit / credit card black
magnetic strip which is read in ATM machines some information
about user in a bank.
 Another example can be ID card that which use such technology
to verify the user to enter some place or room.

OBR
 Optical Bar Code Reader (OBR) which is used for reading bar-
coded data.
 It scans a set of vertical bars of different width for specific data
and is used to read tags.
 Bar code reading is done by a light pen or scanner connected to
a computer.

OMR:
 OMR is gathering information from human beings by recognizing
marks on a document.
 OMR is accomplished using a hardware device (scanner) that detects
a reflection or limited light transmittance on or through a piece of
paper.
 OMR allows for the processing of hundreds or thousands of
documents per hour.
 For example, students may recall taking tests or surveys where they
filled in bubbles on paper (shown right) with a pencil.

Thank you
someone@example.com