The ppt is based on power generation,transmission and distribution.

1. ELECTRIC SYSTEM
BY- SAYAN SARKAR
A PRESENTATION ON

2. Electric System Components
Generation
Transmission Network
Substations
Distribution Network
Substations / Transformers
Homes / Industry

3. ELECTRICITY
GENERATION

4. Power Plant
Transforms some type of energy to electric energy
• Circular motion from direct force (hydro, wind, waves)
• Circulation motion from direct steam using heating (thermal, nuclear)
• Photovoltaic panel
Generators
Transforms circular motion of the rotor into electricity
TRANSFORMING ENERGY TO ELECTRICITY

5. POWER PLANTS
 Thermal Power Plants
 Hydroelectric Power Plants
 Nuclear Power Plants
 Wind Stations
 Solar Power Plants
 Geothermal Power Plants

7. ELECTRICITY
TRANSMISSION

8. First commercial electric system
(US)
 First distribution systems
were DC (Thomas Edison)
Electric load was essentially incandescent lamps
(100V DC)
 Other systems (motors) required other
voltages
DC could be used wit storage batteries (used as
backup)
DC generators (110V) could be used in parallel to
increase production capacity
 DC generators had to be within 2.4km
(1.5mile) from users
 Different voltages required different
generators
Edison had invented an electric meter (DC)
First light bulb
Thomas Edison

9. Tesla invents the AC electric system
 AC shows up on 1880 (George
Westinghouse)
AC could be generated with
higher efficiencies
AC could be transmitted over
larger distances
 It was easier to increase and
decrease voltages
(transformation)
Risks were similar
Nikola Tesla
George Westinghouse

10. War of currents
 Edison makes a negative campaign
AC was more danger
Harold P. Brown, Edison’s employee, developed the first electric chair (AC)
 Niagara Falls Commission contract (1893)
Edison + General Electric lost against George Westinghouse + Tesla
1896 generation started to Buffalo industries
 AC became the standard on 1900
Helsinki had a DC system until 1940
Boston, Massachusetts had DC systems until 1960
1998, Consolidated Edison (New York) started eliminating remaining systems
(2007)
 DC is still used for transmission (HVDC)

11. Transmission
Between Power Plant and Substation
High way of electricity
Long distance connections
Usually takes place above 110kV
Overhead lines or underground lines
Underground lines costs are 10 to 20 times higher
Maintenance in underground lines is much more expensive
Difficulties in voltage management due to reactive power
Magnetic field range is smaller

12. Losses
 Losses are due to Joule heating
Electric energy transformed into
thermal energy (incandescent
lamps)
These losses are proportional to
current and wire resistance
For the same power, higher
voltages means less current
 Transporting energy in higher
voltage decreases losses
They usually represent between 5
to 10% of transmitted power

13. Power Station
Decrease very high voltage to high
voltage (60kV, 30KV)

14. ELECTRICITY
DISTRIBUTION

15. DC
Distribution
System
DC Three
Wire
System
General
Distribution
System
AC
Distribution
System
Ring Main
System
Radial
Distribution
System
Distribution
System

16. • General Distribution System :
Feder
Distributors
Service Mains
• DC Three Wires System :
Voltage level can not be increased readily like a.c.
(too expensive , use to double the transmission voltage)

17. • Radial Distribution System :
only one/single path is connected between
eachDistributor and substation.
In India, 99% of distribution of power is by
radial distribution system only.
• Ring Main Distribution System :
Feeder covers the whole area of supply in the
ring fashion and finally terminates at the
substation from where it is started.
Closed loop form and looks like a ring.

18. THANK
YOU