This slideshow is intended for students in Mr. Hildebrandt's biology classes.

1. Introduction to Cells
Mr. Hildebrandt - Biology

2. Early Cytology
• Cytology - study of cells
• Microscopy – study &
use of microscopes.
• Early microscopes led to
the discovery of cells
• Cells were thought to
resemble prison cells,
hence the name.

3. The Cell Theory
• All living things
are made of cells.
• Cells are the
basic unit of life.
• Cell come only
from existing
cells.

4. Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic
• Eukaryotic Cells
have a nucleus and
all membrane
bound organelles.
• Prokaryotic Cells
lack a nucleus and
other membrane
bound organelles.

5. The Cell’s Jacket
Cell Membrane – a complex, semi-
permeable, double-layered membrane
that surrounds the cell.

6. The Cell’s Cytoskeleton
• Microfilaments:
scaffolding that
resists
compression
• Microtubules: form
centrioles which
help mitosis
• Cytoplasm: gel like
substance, fills cell

7. Organelles – “little organs”
• Nucleus – control
center of cell
• Nuclear
membrane - two
layer covering
• Nucleolus – site
of protein
synthesis
• Chromatin –
complex mixture
of DNA & proteins

8. Organelles – “little organs”
• Ribosomes: made of
RNA & they assemble
proteins
• Endoplasmic
Reticulum (ER) –
network of tubes that
process & sort
proteins. Two types:
1. Smooth ER
2. Rough ER

9. Organelles – “little organs”
• Mitochondria –
“powerhouse”
of the cell. Site
of cellular
respiration.

10. Organelles – “little organs”
Golgi
Apparatus –
structure that
processes and
sorts proteins
and lipids.

11. Organelles – “little organs”
• Lysosome –
structure that
helps digest
unwanted
chemicals and
wastes.

12. Organelles – “little organs”
Vacuole –
storage bins
for the cell;
much smaller
in animal
cells

13. Structures unique to Plant Cells
• Cell Wall – gives cell
support by connecting
to other cell walls.
Controls turgidity.
• Chloroplast – green
structure that is the
site of photosynthesis.
Contains chemical
chlorophyll.