2. • Planning
– Developing a topic/question
– Brainstorming
– Mind Mapping
– Find and evaluate sources
– Constructing your argument
• Writing
– Correct Citing
4. Essay Type What you need to do How to do it
Expository Investigate an idea, evaluate
evidence, expound on the idea, and
present an argument concerning the
idea.
Compare and contrast,
definition, example,
analysis of cause and
effect.
Descriptive Describe an object, person, place,
experience, emotion, situation
Choose vivid language,
use your senses
Narrative Tell a story Introduction, plot,
characters, setting, climax
and conclusion.
Argumentative
(persuasive)
Investigate a topic, collect, generate,
and evaluate evidence, and establish
a position on the topic
Clear thesis in the
introduction, arguments
supported by evidence.
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/685/01/
5. • Main aim or purpose
• Critically examine/investigate
– More than one perspective
• Argument
– Take a position
– Is something better/worse than another?
– Why?
• Cause and Effect
– What effect does something have on something else
6. • Critically investigate how and why YouTube as a
cotemporary platform to broadcast the moving image has
changed modes and methods of audio-visual reception.
• Do portable or locative media reinforce our disconnection
from the urban environment or do they allow us to ‘walk the
city’, to navigate urban spaces, in new and challenging
ways?
• Can the integration of screens and other forms of
multimedia into urban areas (like Federation Square)
create a greater sense of community and place? If so,
how?
Keywords and
terms
What form should
your answer take?
How does
something affect
something else.
7. • Scope
– Size, shape, geography, number
• Open questions
– ‘How far…?’, ‘To what extent…?’, ‘In what
ways…?’
• ‘About-ness’ is not an essay
8. • Focus
– Create possible thesis/main argument
• Analyse
– Evaluate; refine thesis/main argument
• Have a structure that supports thesis/main
argument
• Use the language of academic argument
• Check formatting, spelling, grammar
9. • What you already know about the topic?
• What key ideas or themes relate to the topic?
• Who are the key theorists or thinkers?
• What don’t you know about the topic?
• Where and how you will find this information?
• How long will it take?
12. • Authority – who is the Author or publisher. What are their
credentials? Was the source peer-reviewed?
• Target audience – popular or academic (scholarly)?
• Currency – is it up to date?
• Bias – check for ‘hidden’ agendas. Your source should
be unbiased.
• Verification – how was the information collected? Can it
be replicated?
13. • Ask is it:
• Written by experts
Articles often provide author qualifications or
academic affiliations
• Reputable - peer-reviewed (or refereed)
Validated by experts pre-publication
• Abstract provided for journal articles
• Objective/ unbiased
• Extensive references used
• Technical language used
16. • Introduction
– Orient the reader
– Indentify the focus/purpose
– Outline scope
– State thesis
• Body
– Topic sentence
– Supporting details
– Concluding sentence
• Conclusion
– Restate the thesis
– Summarise the argument
17. • Introduces the topic area in a general way
• Provides background
– Introduces the main issue to be covered in the
essay (i.e.. why this is happening).
– What are the main ideas around the topic
– Claims and evidence
• State whether you agree or disagree
• Why? State what you intend to argue
http://www.monash.edu.au/lls/llonline/writing/general/essay/1.xml
18. 1. Introduce the field or context
– Why is the topic important in terms of the discipline or
field’s concerns?
1. Focus
– Definition/previous research/current
understanding/scope in time & place
1. Signpost structure of the argument
– How you intend to answer the question issue by issue
1. Indicate approach/thesis
– Your answer to the underlying question
19. 1. New and developing technologies are increasing the
ways we can tell stories
2. (Theorist) developed the term ‘transmedia’ to describe
the process of using different types of media to tell the
same story
3. This essay examines theories behind the concept of
transmedia and the implications for story continuity
(plus, plus)of as exemplified in the Harry Potter media
franchise (scope).
4. Having considered the evidence this essay concludes
that the use of transmedia for the Harry Potter franchise
is effective however limited by the affordances of each
medium
20. • Use your arguments from The Matrix
• One argument/position/statement per
paragraph
• Provide good reasons for your critique
• Cite them!
• Link paragraphs
21. • Discuss why it is difficult to arrive at a
definitive answer to the question posed
• Raise other questions that could be
considered in a subsequent essay
• Suggest other approaches that could be
adopted in investigating the question
• Make a prediction about what will happen
to the phenomenon under investigation
24. • Evaluating Websites
– http://www.monash.edu.au/lls/llonline/quickrefs/23-
web-pages.xml
• Writing
– Writing in Art & Design
http://www.monash.edu.au/lls/llonline/writing/artdesig
n/index.xml
• Essay example
– http://www.monash.edu.au/lls/llonline/writing/artdesig
n/writing/2.5.xml
• Citing and Referencing
– http://www.lib.monash.edu.au/tutorials/citing/turabian-
footnote.html
25. • Planning
– Understanding the topic
– Brainstorming
– Mind Mapping
– Find and evaluate sources
– Constructing your argument
• Writing
– Correct Citing
27. • What are you being asked to do?
– Discuss the notion of the city as a site of
control and resistance
– How has technology and the creation of new
media influenced the ways in which designs
are understood?
– Is the automobile the embodiment of twentieth
century thought and culture?
What are the
keywords and
terms
What form should
your answer take?
How does
something affect
something else.
28. • What you already know about the topic?
• What key ideas or themes relate to the topic?
• Who are the key theorists or thinkers?
• What don’t you know about the topic?
• Where and how you will find this information?
• How long will it take?
29. Essay Type What you need to do How to do it
Expository Investigate an idea, evaluate
evidence, expound on the idea, and
present an argument concerning the
idea.
Compare and contrast,
definition, example,
analysis of cause and
effect.
Descriptive Describe an object, person, place,
experience, emotion, situation
Choose vivid language,
use your senses
Narrative Tell a story Introduction, plot,
characters, setting, climax
and conclusion.
Argumentative
(persuasive)
Investigate a topic, collect, generate,
and evaluate evidence, and establish
a position on the topic
Clear thesis in the
introduction, arguments
supported by evidence.
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/685/01/
32. • Four great information sources:
• Search
• Databases
• Reading lists
• Subject guides
• Search tips
35. • Authority – who is the Author or publisher. What are their
credentials? Was the source peer-reviewed?
• Target audience – popular or academic (scholarly)?
• Currency – is it up to date?
• Bias – check for ‘hidden’ agendas. Your source should
be unbiased.
• Verification – how was the information collected? Can it
be replicated?
36. • Ask is it:
• Written by experts
Articles often provide author qualifications or
academic affiliations
• Reputable - peer-reviewed (or refereed)
Validated by experts pre-publication
• Abstract provided for journal articles
• Objective/ unbiased
• Extensive references used
• Technical language used
40. • Introduces the topic area in a general way
• Provides background
– Introduces the main issue to be covered in the
essay (i.e.. why this is happening).
– What are the main ideas around the topic
– Claims and evidence
• State whether you agree or disagree
• Why? State what you intend to argue
http://www.monash.edu.au/lls/llonline/writing/general/essay/1.xml
41. • Use your arguments from The Matrix
• Provide good reasons for your critique
• Cite them!
42. • Discuss why it is difficult to arrive at a
definitive answer to the question posed
• Raise other questions that could be
considered in a subsequent essay
• Suggest other approaches that could be
adopted in investigating the question
• Make a prediction about what will happen
to the phenomenon under investigation
45. • Evaluating Websites
– http://www.monash.edu.au/lls/llonline/quickrefs/23-
web-pages.xml
• Writing
– Writing in Art & Design
http://www.monash.edu.au/lls/llonline/writing/artdesig
n/index.xml
• Essay example
– http://www.monash.edu.au/lls/llonline/writing/artdesig
n/writing/2.5.xml
• Citing and Referencing
– http://www.lib.monash.edu.au/tutorials/citing/turabian-
footnote.html
46. • Planning
– Understanding the topic
– Brainstorming
– Mind Mapping
– Find and evaluate sources
• Writing
– Constructing your argument
– Correct Citing
48. • Introduction
– Orient the reader
– Indentify the focus/purpose
– Outline scope
– State thesis
• Body
– Topic sentence
– Supporting details
– Concluding sentence
• Conclusion
– Restate the thesis
– Summarise the arguement
49. • What are you being asked to do?
– Is excessive stress and anxiety a natural and
inevitable part of contemporary social life?
– What role does popular culture play in
determining how we are to live in a complex
21st
century?
– Only a crazy person would tell the truth all the
time. Critically discuss this statement.
What are the
keywords and
terms
What form should
your answer take?
How does
something affect
something else.
50. • Is excessive stress and anxiety a natural
and inevitable part of contemporary
social life?
• What role does popular culture play in
determining how we are to live in a
complex 21st
century?
• Only a crazy person would tell the truth all
the time. Critically discuss this statement.
51. • What you already know about the topic?
• What key ideas or themes relate to the topic?
• Who are the key theorists or thinkers?
• What don’t you know about the topic?
• Where and how you will find this information?
• How long will it take?
54. • Four great information sources:
• Search
• Databases
• Reading lists
• Subject guides
• Search tips
57. • Authority – who is the Author or publisher. What are their
credentials? Was the source peer-reviewed?
• Target audience – popular or academic (scholarly)?
• Currency – is it up to date?
• Bias – check for ‘hidden’ agenda. Your source should be
unbiased.
• Verification – how was the information collected? Can it be
replicated?
58. • Ask is it:
• Written by experts
Articles often provide author qualifications or
academic affiliations
• Reputable - peer-reviewed (or refereed)
Validated by experts pre-publication
• Abstract provided for journal articles
• Objective/ unbiased
• Extensive references used
• Technical language used
62. Orient the reader
Identify the focus/purpose
Outline the scope
State thesis
Topic sentence 1
Supporting details
Concluding sentence 1
Topic sentence 2
Supporting details
Concluding sentence 2
Topic sentence 3 etc.
Supporting details
Concluding sentence 3
Restate thesis
Summarise argument
Introduction
Body
Conclusion
Essay Outline Paragraph
63. • Introduces the topic area in a general way
• Provides background
– Introduces the main issue to be covered in the
essay (ie. why this is happening).
– What are the main ideas around the topic
– Claims and evidence
• State whether you agree or disagree
• Why? State what you intend to argue
http://www.monash.edu.au/lls/llonline/writing/general/essay/1.xml
64. • Define related terms
• Discuss related history
• Use an anecdote
• Use a provocative quotation
• Ask a rhetorical question
• Relate a dramatic episode
65. • Use your arguments from The Matrix
• Provide good reasons for your critique
• Cite them!
66. • Write meaningful and sufficiently broad topic sentences
• Support your topic sentences/paragraphs with fact, relevant
information (evidence etc.)
• Relate each sentence in a paragraph to the topic sentence to
achieve unity
• Choose transitional words and expressions carefully to
achieve logical coherence
• Vary your sentence pattern
• Choose precise diction and active verbs
• Use passive voice sparingly
• Use vivid and lively language, creating fresh comparisons
when appropriate
• In argumentation, present weakest argument first
67. • Discuss why it is difficult to arrive at a
definitive answer to the question posed
• Raise other questions that could be
considered in a subsequent essay
• Suggest other approaches that could be
adopted in investigating the question
• Make a prediction about what will happen
to the phenomenon under investigation
68. • Suggest a larger pattern
• Use a ‘clinching’ quotation
• Draw inferences from your presentation of
ideas
• Look forward and make predictions
• Suggest solutions, resolutions
71. • ANALYSE
– Consider the various components and show how they are related.
• ARGUE
– Present the case for and/or against a particular proposition.
• COMPARE
– Identify characteristics or qualities that resemble each other.
– Emphasise similarities and also mention differences where appropriate.
• CONTRAST
– Stress the dissimilarities and differences of things, events, problems or qualities.
• CRITICISE
– Express your judgement about the merit or truth of the factors or views mentioned.
Draw conclusions, discussing their limitations and good points.
• DEFINE
– State concise, clear and authoritative meanings. Give the limits of the definition, but
omit detailed explanations. Show how the item defined differs from items in other
http://www.monash.edu.au/lls/llonline/quickrefs/
72. • Not making a direct connection between the
points from the text and the artworks
• Making big statements
– lots of facts about the genre or movement rather
than specific elements of the works as an
example of the movement
– need to provide a close reading of the selected
artworks rather than sweeping, unsubstantiated
statements
• Citing
73. • Scope
– Size, shape, geography, number
• Open questions
– ‘How far…?’, ‘To what extent…?’, ‘In what
ways…?’
• ‘About-ness’ is not an essay
74. • Focus
– Create possible thesis/main argument
• Analyse
– Evaluate; refine thesis/main argument
• Have a structure that supports thesis/main
argument
• Use the language of academic argument
• Check formatting, spelling, grammar
75. 1. Introduce the field or context
– Why is the topic important in terms of the discipline or
field’s concerns?
1. Focus
– Definition/previous research/current
understanding/scope in time & place
1. Signpost structure of the argument
– How you intend to answer the question issue by issue
1. Indicate approach/thesis
– Your answer to the underlying question
76. 1. New and developing technologies are increasing the
ways we can tell stories
2. (Theorist) developed the term ‘transmedia’ to describe
the process of using different types of media to tell the
same story
3. This essay examines theories behind the concept of
transmedia and the implications for story continuity
(plus, plus)of as exemplified in the Harry Potter media
franchise (scope).
4. Having considered the evidence this essay concludes
that the use of transmedia for the Harry Potter franchise
is effective however limited by the affordances of each
medium
Notes de l'éditeur
No absolutes in academic knowledge. Always changing.
Again quick refs for tips on brainstorming and researching
Checklist exercise for each source type? Book, journal article, magazine, newspaper
Checking for resource reliability is an important part of selecting information for use.
In most cases, peer-reviewed, scholarly articles are valid resources to use. Things to check for include:
the authority of the source. Is it peer-reviewed? Are the credentials of the author appropriate (are they an expert?)? Who has published the source (is it a reputable, scholarly or university publisher?)?
who was the resource written for? Is it targeted at an academic audience, or popular audience? You should be using academic or professional sources.
currency – the resource should be recent and up-to-date
bias – there shouldn’t be any advertising or bias in the content
verification – experiments should be able to be replicated, and you should be able to see how the information was gathered and analysed
Reference:
Brick, J. (2006). Academic culture: a student’s guide to studying at university. Sydney: Macquarie University.
You are usually expected to use scholarly, or academic information when researching for your Monash College and University assignments. So, how does academic information differ from other types, such as information written for the general reader?
Scholarly information is written by experts, usually researchers in the field. Their qualifications and often institutional affiliations are usually provided on the resource.
The information is reliable – it’s been refereed, or peer-reviewed, which means that the publishers have had experts check over the article prior to publication to ensure that it’s of an appropriate standard.
Look for an abstract and a good bibliography. Scholarly works refer to other sources, and these should be represented in a bibliography.
And, the authors will use technical language. They won’t explain basic concepts, and will assume that the scholarly audience (you) has a base understanding of the topic. What to do if you don’t? Use a dictionary, encyclopaedia or textbook to increase your knowledge.
No absolutes in academic knowledge. Always changing.
Again quick refs for tips on brainstorming and researching
I have an idea! Do some research!
I’m going to show you 4 really good sources of information for your assignment
I’m also going to get you to think about how to approach your search. Let’s do that first.
Expanded Academic – accessible from library guide (general content).
Newspaper databases – online, easy to use BUT
Checklist exercise for each source type? Book, journal article, magazine, newspaper
Checking for resource reliability is an important part of selecting information for use.
In most cases, peer-reviewed, scholarly articles are valid resources to use. Things to check for include:
the authority of the source. Is it peer-reviewed? Are the credentials of the author appropriate (are they an expert?)? Who has published the source (is it a reputable, scholarly or university publisher?)?
who was the resource written for? Is it targeted at an academic audience, or popular audience? You should be using academic or professional sources.
currency – the resource should be recent and up-to-date
bias – there shouldn’t be any advertising or bias in the content
verification – experiments should be able to be replicated, and you should be able to see how the information was gathered and analysed
Reference:
Brick, J. (2006). Academic culture: a student’s guide to studying at university. Sydney: Macquarie University.
You are usually expected to use scholarly, or academic information when researching for your Monash College and University assignments. So, how does academic information differ from other types, such as information written for the general reader?
Scholarly information is written by experts, usually researchers in the field. Their qualifications and often institutional affiliations are usually provided on the resource.
The information is reliable – it’s been refereed, or peer-reviewed, which means that the publishers have had experts check over the article prior to publication to ensure that it’s of an appropriate standard.
Look for an abstract and a good bibliography. Scholarly works refer to other sources, and these should be represented in a bibliography.
And, the authors will use technical language. They won’t explain basic concepts, and will assume that the scholarly audience (you) has a base understanding of the topic. What to do if you don’t? Use a dictionary, encyclopaedia or textbook to increase your knowledge.
No absolutes in academic knowledge. Always changing.
Again quick refs for tips on brainstorming and researching
I have an idea! Do some research!
I’m going to show you 4 really good sources of information for your assignment
I’m also going to get you to think about how to approach your search. Let’s do that first.
Expanded Academic – accessible from library guide (general content).
Newspaper databases – online, easy to use BUT
Checklist exercise for each source type? Book, journal article, magazine, newspaper
Checking for resource reliability is an important part of selecting information for use.
In most cases, peer-reviewed, scholarly articles are valid resources to use. Things to check for include:
the authority of the source. Is it peer-reviewed? Are the credentials of the author appropriate (are they an expert?)? Who has published the source (is it a reputable, scholarly or university publisher?)?
who was the resource written for? Is it targeted at an academic audience, or popular audience? You should be using academic or professional sources.
currency – the resource should be recent and up-to-date
bias – there shouldn’t be any advertising or bias in the content
verification – experiments should be able to be replicated, and you should be able to see how the information was gathered and analysed
Reference:
Brick, J. (2006). Academic culture: a student’s guide to studying at university. Sydney: Macquarie University.
You are usually expected to use scholarly, or academic information when researching for your Monash College and University assignments. So, how does academic information differ from other types, such as information written for the general reader?
Scholarly information is written by experts, usually researchers in the field. Their qualifications and often institutional affiliations are usually provided on the resource.
The information is reliable – it’s been refereed, or peer-reviewed, which means that the publishers have had experts check over the article prior to publication to ensure that it’s of an appropriate standard.
Look for an abstract and a good bibliography. Scholarly works refer to other sources, and these should be represented in a bibliography.
And, the authors will use technical language. They won’t explain basic concepts, and will assume that the scholarly audience (you) has a base understanding of the topic. What to do if you don’t? Use a dictionary, encyclopaedia or textbook to increase your knowledge.
Limited space in matrix cannot copy out huge lumps of text, prevents plagiarism Tip: get some A3 paper
What is the issue? How do the writer’s support their position?
Strong/weak example Strengths and weaknesses/benefits and limits/advantages disadvantages
Implications: does it support the writer’s position and does it support yours? Can I use it in my essay