Full Chapter 03 About National cultural variables & Individual cultural Variables and Importance of Cross-Cultural Communication

2. Group MembersGroup Members
Raja Usman 1421-116036
Shahban Iqbal 1421-116033
Raja Faizan 1421-116032
Usama Hameed 1421-116028
Ch.Khizer Hayat 1421-116203

3. Chapter 03
Business Communication & The
Global Context

4. Over ViewOver View
 ObjectivesObjectives
 Introduction to CultureIntroduction to Culture
 National Cultural VariablesNational Cultural Variables
 Individual Cultural VariablesIndividual Cultural Variables
 Importance of Cross-CulturalImportance of Cross-Cultural
CommunicationCommunication

5. Objectives
At the end of this chapter, the students should be able to:
1.Understand the meaning of communication and language
2.Show the relationship between language and culture
3.Enumerate the characteristics of culture
4.Explain how language distinguishes man from animals
5.Identify the communication, behavioral, cognitive, and
material components of culture
6.Understand and explain cultural relativism

6. Introduction to Culture
Why do cultures differ ?Why do cultures differ ?
History
Educational Backgrounds
Social backgrounds
Ethnic
Religion
Ecology
Technology

7. What is Intercultural Communication?
Intercultural
communication refers to
the effective
communication between
people/ workers/ clients
of different cultural
background. It also
includes managing
thought patterns and non
verbal communication.

8. Examples for Cultural
differences
Arabic and Urdu
language is
written from right
to left and almost
all other languages
are written from
left to right.

9. Examples for Cultural
differences
In America,
people shake
hands ,and even
hug each other.
In India people
just join hands to
say namaskar.

10. Ch.Khizer Hayat
1421-116203

11. Need for Intercultural Communication
 Success of any International
business
 Allows workers from different
cultures to work together as a
group.
 Worldwide marketing
campaign.
 An increase in international
Business.

12. DO’S OF INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATIONDO’S OF INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION
 Avoid Assumptions, jokes which are misunderstood
 Use symbols, diagrams and pictures.
 Avoid using slang and idioms, choosing words that will
convey only the most specific denotative meaning
 Investigate their culture's perception
 Take cultural and local differences into account.
 Say what you do and do what you say. Make sure that your
communication is line with the audience; use
understandable language.
 Find out what cultural factors

13. DONT’S OF INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATIONDONT’S OF INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION
 Using the same approach world-wide.
 Considering traditional knowledge and practices
as ‘backward’.
 Letting cultural differences become a source of
conflict that hinder the process or work.
 Fail to ignore culturally-dependent enabling and
counteracting forces.
 Fail to take language barriers into account.

14. DON’T’S OF INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATIONDON’T’S OF INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION
The thumbs up sign in America
and most of Europe means that
something is good, or that you
approve. This sign is considered
rude in many Asian and Islamic
countries.
Raising your hand up means
stop in America or England. In
some Asian countries this
gesture is used when asking
for permission to speak.

15. Definitions
Definitions of terms are the foundation of technical writing.
A precise set of terms is used in technology, some terms used in technology
have meanings entirely different from those with which you are familiar in
everyday life.
Examples of such words are power, force and communication.
Words such as the following have precise meanings in technology and must
be used carefully.
Absolute current fundamental
Critical power ground
Intensity power specific
Inversely rate static
Technical definition

16. Raja Faizan Ali
1421-116032

17.  An entire country may have a series of cultural norms/standards,
 individual ethnic/tribal groups within that country may accept most
of those norms as well as adding their own.
 The National Cultural Variables are following
Education
Laws & Regulation
Economics
Politics
Social norms
Language
Natural Cultural Variables

18. You should be aware of the fact about the
education level of the person which you are
speaking.
So communication lot depends upon
education.
The following charts shows the education
levels of Chinese, Asian and U.S Mangers
Education

19. Continues......
Education Levels of Chinese, Asian and U.S Mangers
Highest level of
education
Chinese % Asian % U.S %
Less than high school 5.4 2.5 0.1
High school graduate 31.8 12.4 3.2
Some college 34.6 19.4 16.9
Undergraduate degree 27.6 65.4 79.8
Post graduate degree 0.7 25.0 30.0
So you see the ratio of education levels in manager in different parts
of world….!

20.  In both the under-developed and developed nations,
various government regulations affect business
communications and sale of products.
 For Example:
The type of product to be advertised-for instance,
“Cigarette” is restricted in Europe, also money
spent on advertising is limited. other countries such
as France, Mexico and the province of Quebec also
have restriction on the use of foreign languages in
advertisements.
Laws and Regulations

21.  Availabity of capital and transportation and the
standard of living per capita vary from nation to
nation.
 The opportunity to borrow money, the rate of
inflation (price raise), and the exchange rates
influence business and a country’s ability to
communicate concerning that business.
 For example in Pakistan the competitors usually
set their own prices.
 In contrast IEEE set their own standard for
different computer equipment's
Economics

22. Politics also effect our communication
when we are doing business with our
company can result even in personal harm.
Politics

23.  Religion in different areas of the world can
effect the business and communications
 Recent statistics have shown some religious
have totally changed the style of business and
even the structure of that specific country .
 For Example:
In Afghanistan, Chechnya, Arabia, Iraq etc.
Religion

24.  Beyond the immediate family a bond may exist between
persons, based on caste, class, age or even special
interests. One should be aware of a nation’s social norms.
 A nation’s social norms affected in various ways through
environmental constraints that are
1. Education
2. Law & Regulations
3. Economics
4. Politics
5. Religion
Social Norms

25. Every body knows that knowing the
language of a country is the most
significant contribute to improved
communication, on personal and business
level.
 Your communication is good when both
sender and receiver have same language.
Language

26. Usama Hameed
1421-116028

27. Individual Cultural Variables

28. The individual cultural variables are
following
Time
Space
Food
Acceptable dress
Manners
Decision making
Verbal & Nonverbal Communication

29.  Time is also an important factor in
communication. For example Germans are time-
precise; rarely do you wait for an appointment in
Germany.
 In Latin America cultures- you may wait an hour;
your host is not showing disrespect thereby, same
is the example here in Pakistan.
 Just reflecting a different concept of time;
arriving late is socially accepted custom here our
country.
Time

30. How close may stranger stand to you?
What does it feel like when you are in a
crowded? for example most Americans
feel uncomfortable if a stranger comes
closer than 18 inches.
So body languages depend in
communications in which cultural your
are.
Space

31. It may be a good idea prior to visiting your
host country to visit various ethnic
restaurants in your home country.
Then you’ll have an initial idea as to the
kinds of foods available how they are
served, fixed, or eaten.
Food

32. Dress also has value in communication.
When u have good dress then sound will be
clear.
So its very important when you are
communicating in front of gathering, your
dress should be perfect.
Acceptable Dress

33. Manners also have value in communication.
So you should be aware of manners of
cultural to whom you are communicating.
You bring a gift when visiting most homes
in Europe. if you bring flowers,
You avoid gifts of Red Roses in Germany
France, Belgium and Japan.
In Saudi Arabia, you will learn that the
junior prince is silent when a senior enters.
Manners

34.  Patience above all is needed in intercultural communication,
in doing business with other countries.
 American are typecast as moving too quickly in asking for
a decision. give more thought to communication.
 Americans are accused of (blame) being quick; “we wish to
get to the point fast.”
 When one reaches Japan, decision time is held back as
group consensus (compromise) moves toward a decision.
 As you can imagine much time is spent in reaching an
answer. Thus patience-and your understanding of the
decision process-add to your success in dealing with a
foreign environment.
Decision Making

35. Shahban Iqbal
1421-116033

36. Verbal & Nonverbal
Communication

37.  Regardless of culture, a kind of verbal communication
(body language) occurs when strangers meet,
 Each seeking to determine which topics are acceptable
and non-controversial (not in).
 Additionally, tone of voice of one’s initial words can
influence your initial perception of whether the meeting
is positive or negative.
 We judge people to a great extent by their voice.
 Some native languages demand many tonal variations,
giving the impression to a non-native of loudness, even
superiority.
Verbal Communication

38.  Many nonverbal symbols exists for every culture,
even in subcultures.
 Knowing the major desirable and undesirable cues
(signs) helps knowing both intended and
unintended communication errors.
 For example A handshake is a traditional form of
greeting in the west.
Non-verbal Communication

39. Importance of Cross-CulturalImportance of Cross-Cultural
CommunicationCommunication
Cross-cultural communication in business
happens between any two companies
regardless of their location. To effect
productive business relationships, every
organization needs to be sensitive to the
potential issues of cross-cultural
communication

40. Common GroundCommon Ground
When a company engages in cross-cultural
communication, the first thing to establish is
the common ground with the new business
partner. It begins with the most effective ways
to communicate. Breaking through on
common ground can help the two sides to
establish a productive dialogue that will
enhance the business relationship.

41. Informational Context:Informational Context:
Different corporate cultures require different
levels of information. Developing the proper
informational context is critical when
communicating with a new business partner,
and it begins by understanding the work
culture of your business partner and how
information is processed.

42. TrustTrust
When a new business partner takes the time
and effort to establish good cross-cultural
communication, it helps to elevate the level of
trust and respect between the two partners.
Respect for other companies' business
processes is critical in establishing an efficient
work relationship.

43. QualityQuality
Working within the guidelines of a new business
partners corporate culture helps to improve
communication at all levels of both organizations. The
quality of the information improves when it is delivered
in a manner that each company is accustomed to. Not
only does the quality of the information passed between
the two companies improve, but the quality of the
relationship with clients and other vendors that are
affected by the relationship also improves.

44. Keys to Successful Cross-
Cultural Communication
 Create proactive cross-cultural communication and avoid
reactive communication
 Manage preexisting cultural perceptions
 Understand cultural sensitivities and avoid conflict
 Build rapport in person, on the phone, and by e-mail
 Understand how words, tonality, and body language vary
with every culture
 Increase self-awareness and adapt your style

45. ConclusionConclusion
 Companies have to consider differences and
establish a global mindset.
 Culture influences consumer behavior and their
perception.
 To send the right message, to the right person at
the right time is the key of intercultural
communication of marketing.

46. END