Published on july 9, 2017

2. Welcome to
our
presentation

3. Presentation Topic:
Environment & water

4. Department of textile engineering
Course code: tex 42o5
Course Title:
Environment pollution & its control
Presented By :
Name :Md.Al-Amin
ID No : BTX 140100328
Name :Md.Ashraful Islam
05ID No : BTX 140100342
Venue:
Permanent Campus,NUB Date:19-02-2017

5. Environment:
All materials or things surrounding of the universe
is called environment. Like as Air, Water, Soil,
Forest (Tree, Plants), Mountain, Animal (Domestic
live, Wild live, Aquatic live), Human being etc.

6. The two major classifications of environment are:
• (A) Physical Environment: External physical factors like Air,
Water, and Land etc. This is also called the Abiotic
Environment.
• (B) Living Environment: All living organisms around us . plants,
animals, and,Microorganisms. This is also called the Biotic
Environment.
Environment:

7. Environmental segments:
Earth’s environment can be further subdivided into the
following four segments its called environmental
segment:
• Atmosphere.
• Hydrosphere.
• Lithosphere.
• Biosphere.
Environment:

8. 1.Atmosphere:
• The air envelope surrounding the earth is known as
Atmosphere. This protective envelop surrounding earth sustain
life on earth and protect us from unfriendly environment of
outer space.
Environment:

9. The composition of the atmosphere is given in Table:
Atmosphere :
Constituent Volume %
Nitrogen 78.1
Oxygen 20.9
Water vapour 0.1-5
Argon 0.9
Carbon dioxide 0.03
Trace contituents* Balance

10. Major Component of Atmosphere:
Atmosphere :
Nitrogen N2 78.08%
Oxygen O2 20.95%
Argone Ar o.93%

11. Minor Component of Atmosphere:
Atmosphere :
Water H2O 0-4%
Carbon dioxide CO2 325 ppm
Neon Ne 18 ppm
Helium He 5 ppm
Methane CH4 2 ppm
Krypton Kr 1 ppm
Hydrogen H 0.5 ppm
Nitrous oxide N2O 0.3 ppm
Carbon monoxide CO 0.05-0.2 ppm
Ozone O3 0.02-10 ppm
Xenon Xe 0.08 ppm

12. Threshold Limit Value (TLV)
It indicates the permissible level of a toxic
pollution in atmosphere ,up to this level
It is not harmful to environment.
Example:
Be .002 mg /m3
Zn 1 mg / m3
Ar.005 mg / m3
Atmosphere :

13. Trace of Atmosphere:
Atmosphere :
Trace Components
Ammonia NH3 4 ppb
Nitrogen oxide NO 1 ppb
Sulfur dioxide SO2 1 ppb
Hydrogen sulfide H2S 0.05ppb

14. The Structure of the Atmosphere:
The atmosphere is broadly divided into four major zones.
• Troposphere,
• Stratosphere,
• Mesosphere and
• Thermosphere.
Atmosphere :

15. 2.Hydrosphere:
It covers more than 75% of the earth surface either as oceans or
as fresh water. Hydrosphere includes sea, rivers, oceans, lakes,
ponds, streams etc.
Environment:

16. As can be seen, only
1% of the total water
supply is available as
fresh water in the
form of rivers, lakes,
streams and ground
water for human.
Hydrosphere

17. The extent of the use
of available fresh
water for various
purposes is shown in
the following figure
Hydrosphere

18. 3.Lithosphere:
• It means the mantle of rocks constituting the earth’s crust. The
solid component of the earth is called Lithosphere, which
includes soil, earth, rocks and mountains etc.
Environment:

19. The lithosphere mainly contains three layers
Inner and Outer Core:
Mantle:
Crust:
About 2500km from the centre
It is about 2900-3000 km
above the core in molten
state.
Outermost solid zone about 8-40 km
above mantle.
Lithosphere

20. Element of the Earths crust
Elements of the earth crust %
Oxygen 46.6
Silicon 27.7
Aluminum 8.1
Iron 5
Calcium 3.6
Sodium 2.8
Potassium 2.6
Magnesium 2.1
Miscellaneous 1.4
Lithosphere

21. 4.Biosphere:
Biosphere is biological envelope that surrounds the globe,
containing and able to support.
It is a zone which is reaching about 10 km into the atmosphere
and down to the deepest ocean floor.
Within the biosphere the basic unit of analysis or study is the
ecosystem.
Environment:

22. Biosphere

23. Contamination:
• If any foreign particle is added to anything is called
Contamination. Contamination is the presence of minor
constituent in another chemical/mixture often at the trace.
Environment:

24. Pollution:
If any substance is present in our Atmosphere, if the
concentration of that substance is increased by human
activities, natured reason then it is detrimental to human being
forests.
Environment:

25. Sink:
• It is just a reservoir of different pollutions.
• H2SO4 + CaCO3 → CaSO4 + CO2 + H2O
• A marble will act as a sink for atmospherir H2SO4 and get
damaged.
Environment:

26. Water:
• Water is one of the most important natural
resource .Surface water, rain water, under ground
water,being used in the process of industry.
• The water available from different water sources
cannot be used directly in textile industry because
the hardness of water.Hard water is not suitable for
textile processing.Treated water can be used as
solvent in a direct or indirect way.

27. Hardness of water:
• Hardness of water is due to presence of
sulphates,chlorides,carbonates and bicarbonates salts of heavy
metals like Ca 2+gM,2+cte.
• there are two types of hardness,Temporary and Permanent
hardness.
• Temporary hardness can be removed by boiling hard water or
by Clark,s process(adding Ca(OH)2 with hard water.
• Permanent hardness can be removed by the addition of
sodium carbonate(Na2CO 3noglaC yb ro )ssecorp .
Water

28. Water Treatment Plant(WTP):
• The treated water is called “De-mineralized Water or Soft
Water” and the plant where it is treated is called Water
Treatment Plant.
• The objective of water treatment plant is to remove hardness
dna retaw fo produce the feed water for different industrial
process.
• If proper treatment is not done for water then Corrosion,
Scaling, Microbiological contaminants and fouling will occur
in the system.
Water

29. WetProcessing:
• The processing of textiles which is carried out by water and
different chemical agent is called textile wet processing.
• Multi stage operations are involved in the chemical processing
of textiles :
Water

30. • -Sizing (Starch,Gum,PVC,CMC,Gule etc are size material)
• -Desizing(to remove size material from the fabric, yarn)
• -Scouring(It is done to remove wax,oil,dust etc from the fiber)
• -Bleaching(H2O 2lCOaN,lC)lCO(aC,cte .)
• -Mercerising
• -Dyeing
• -Finishing etc
WetProcessing

31. Influent(waste water):
• Waste water is any water has been adversely in quality by
anthropogenic influence. It is usually products of otherwise
purposeful human activities.
Water

32. Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP):
• ETP or Effluent Treatment Plant is used to treat the industrial
waste water.
• Wastewater is generated in the different processes and utility
systems in Textile industry.
• The effluent treatment plant is designed to treat the Influent
(Waste water) coming from different areas of the plant. The
treatment of different Influent varies with the type of
Influent.After treatment of Influent the effluent can be directly
discharge to the surface or reuse for dyeing by recycling.
Water

33. Effluent:
• Effluent is defined as waste water, treated or untreated that
flows out of a treatment plant sewer or industrial outfall.
Generally refers to wastes discharged into surface waters.
• Or a liquid following from factory, chemical industry, home and
other source in from of waste water is called effluent.
Water

34. The cycle of water purification:
Water

35. Water Wastage Characterization:
• PH= 6-7
• BoD- Biochemical OxygenDemand = <50 mg/L
• CoD-Chemical OxygenDemand= <200 mg/L
• DO- Dissolved Oxygen= >5 mg/L
• TDS- Total Dissolve Solid= <2100 mg/L
• TSS- Total Suspended Solid= <150 mg/L
• Grease and Oil= <10mg/L
The effluent levels should achieve for direct
discharge to surface water:
Water

36. These values were given by Department of
Environment (DoE)
• Mercury should not be used in this process.The liquid efflient
should not be colored.
• The values of these components have to be kept in this area. If
any value changes against the giving value then the water will
not safe.
Water

37. Marine Pollution
• Marine Pollution (UN definition)
“The introduction by man, directly, or indirectly,
of substances or energy to the marine
environment resulting in deleterious effects such
as: hazards to human health, hindrance to marine
activities, impairment of the quality of seawater
for various uses and reduction of amenities.”
Water

38. Types of Marine Pollution
• Sedimentation
• Agricultural runoff (herbicides, pesticides and nutrients)
• Energy (thermal and light)
• Sewage
• Solid Waste
• Chemicals, Metals and Radioactive Substances
• Oil
• Biological
Marine Pollution

39. Major Marine Pollutants
Worldwide
• 10 billion tones of ballast water with invasive
• 10,000 million gallons of sewage annually
• 3.25 million metric tones of oil annually
• Millions of tones of Solid waste
Marine Pollution

40. Impacts of Marine Pollution
Generally marine pollution affects ecosystem
health, public health, recreational water quality
Marine Pollution

41. Solutions to Pollution
• Two main methods
– Correction – costly and time intensive
– Prevention – requires attitude changes
Coastal Scientists believe that prevention is better than cure since
the effects of marine pollution may be irreversible and we may
therefore be creating everlasting damage to the marine ecosystem.
“An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure”
Marine Pollution

42. We are all responsible for
keeping the oceans and
beaches clean!

43. Refferences
• http://www.mcsuk.org/marineworld/pollution.html
• http://www.worldstats.org/general_world/principal
• _environmental_treaties.html
• http://www.cmc-ocean.org
• http://www.oceanlink.island.net/ask/pollution.html

44. Summary
In this presentation we have tried to give a short cut overview
about environmental segments and water cycle.
We have included some information about pollution and
environmental terms,i hope it will help our job sectors.
We have discussed about marine pollutions,its impact and
possible solutions.

45. Thank you for your
kind attention