A Presentation on Robotics, it's history, the first robot, Asimov's fictional laws, types of robots, it's advantages and disadvantages and it's basic components.

1. ROBOTICS
- A Presentation By
Shalini Guha
University of Engineering and
Management , Kolkata

2. What is a Robot?
A re-programmable,
multifunctional, automatic
industrial machine designed to
replace human in hazardous work.
It can be used as :-
•An automatic machine
sweeper
•An automatic car for a child to
play with
•A machine removing mines in
a war field
•In space
•In military , and many more.

3. WHAT IS ROBOTICS ?
Robotics is science of
designing or building an
application of robots.
Simply ,Robotics may be
defined as“The Study of
Robots”.
The aim of robotics is to
design an efficient robot.

4. WHY IS ROBOTICS
NEEDED?
Robotics is needed because:-
• Speed
• Can work in
hazardous/dangerous
temperature
• Can do repetitive tasks
• Can do work with accuracy

5. THEADVENTOFFIRSTROBOT

6. ROBOTS AND ROBOTICS
Public encountered the word ‘ROBOT’ first in a
Play by czech writer Carel Capek.
The word ‘ROBOTICS’ was coined by
russian-born american scientist Isaac
Asimov.(1920-1992)in 1940s.

7. UNIMATE
• In 1961, Unimation created one of
the first fully automated robots to
use in an industrial setting – the
Unimate robot.
• Created by American
inventor George Devol .
• Operated on a General Motors
assembly line at the Inland Fisher
Guide Plant in Ewing Township,
New Jersey .

8. OPERATIONS
• Programmable transfer machines.
• The 4000 pound robotic arm
transported die castings from an
assembly line and welded these
parts on auto bodies.
• Move objects from one place to
another, only a few feet at a time.

9. ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES:
DISADVANTAGES:
• Speed
• Efficiency
• Free from human
limitations
• Can work 24x7
• Ability to work in
environments
unsafe for humans
• Unemployment
• Can get damaged or
break easily
• Expensive

10. Components of
ROBOTS
• Structure
• Power source
• Actuation
• Sensing
• Manipulation
• Locomotion

11. Structure
• The structure of a robot is usually
mostly mechanical and can be
called a kinematic chain.
• The chain is formed of links (its
bones), actuators (its muscles),
and joints which can allow one or
more degrees of freedom.

12. Power source
• Suitable power supply is needed to
run the motors and associated
circuitry
• Typical power requirement ranges
from 3V to 24V DC
• 220V AC supply must be modified to
suit the needs of our machine
• Batteries can also be used to run
robots
• Robots are driven by different
motors :-
o DC Motors
o Stepper Motors
o Servo Motors

13. Actuation
• Actuators are the "muscles" of a
robot, the parts which convert
stored energy into movement.
• The most popular actuators are
electric motors.

14. Manipulation
• Robots which must work in the
real world require some way to
manipulate objects; pick up,
modify, destroy, or otherwise
have an effect.
• Thus the 'hands' of a robot are
often referred to as end effectors,
while the arm is referred to as a
manipulator.
• Some manipulators are:
o Mechanical Grippers
o Vacuum Grippers
o General purpose effectors

15. Locomotion
• It is concerned with the motion
of the robot.
• Robot contains different types of
drives:-
oDifferential drive
oCar type
oSkid steer drive
oSynchronous drive
oPivot drive
oArticulated drive
oPivot drive

16. The Three laws
of Robotics

17. Three Laws of Robotics
Zeroth Law
First Law

18. Continued…
Second Law
Third Law

19. TYPES OF ROBOTS
Mobile Robots
Stationary Robots
Autonomous Robots
Remote-Controlled Robots
Virtual Robots
Industrial Robots
Military Robots

20. Rolling robots have wheels
tomove around. They can quickly and easily
search. However they are only useful in flat areas.
Robots on legs are usually
brought in when the terrain is rocky. Most robots
have at least 4 legs; usually they have 6 or more.

21. Robots are not only used to
explore areas or imitate a human being. Most
robots perform repeating tasks without ever
moving an inch. Most robots are ‘working’ in
industry settings and are stationary .
Autonomous robots are self
supporting or in other words self contained. In
a way they rely on their own ‘brains’.

22. A person can
guide a robot by remote control. A person can
perform difficult and usually dangerous tasks
without being at the spot where the tasks are
performed.
Virtual robots don’t exits In real
life. Virtual robots are just programs, building
blocks of software inside a computer.

24. Industrial Robots
• An industrial robot is a manipulator designed to move
materials, parts and tools, and perform a variety of
programmed tasks in manufacturing and production
settings.
• Industrial robots are reshaping the manufacturing
industry. They are often used to perform duties that are
dangerous or unsuitable for human workers.
• Some of its applications are:
• Materials handling
• Welding
• Inspection
• Improving productivity
• Laboratory Applications

25. Main parts of an Industrial robot
Controller and drive: Arms:

26. Continued..
Sensors: End Effector:

27. Military
robots

28. Military robots are autonomous robots or
remote-controlled mobile robots .
designed for military applications, from
transport to search & rescue and attack.
 Some such systems are currently in use, and many
are under development.
Some of them are discussed in subsequent slides
Military robots:

29.  helps to defends ships from
incoming missiles as well as
ballistic shells.
This system generally comprises
of autocannon and advanced radar
that tracks incoming fires.
It is an automatic system that can
be also be deployed to protect
airfields.
GOALKEEPER:

30. PackBot is basically a series of military robots.
 The most recent base model of this robot is PackBot 510.
 This model utilizes a videogame-style hand controller making it
easier to handle.
PackBot

31. Black hornet
A flying surveillance robot, looks like a miniature helicopter.

32. MAARS

33. ADVANTAGES
ONE TIME INVESTMENT
ABILITIES
SPEED & PRECISION
WARFARE
DANGEROUS & UNWANTED WORK

34. DISADVANTAGES
• DANGEROUS
• NO EMOTIONS
• JOB LOSS
• POWER SUPPLY & COST
• LACK OF INTELLIGENCE

38. FUTURE PET WILL BE LIKE
• A MOBILE
• A CHIP
• A ROBOT
• A PET DOG

39. ABOUT THE THOUGHT
• THIS IS A CHIP
CONTROLLER.
• IT NEVER RUNS OUT OF
CHARGE.
• IT PLAYS WITH YOU.

40. THANK YOU