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We transform automotive mobility
State of Tooling
in Open Source Automation
Helio Chissini de Castro / May 2023

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• We we talk about Tools
• We will talk about Trends
• We will talk about Insights
• Something else …

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We transform automotive mobility
This presentation was
possible thanks to the
OpenChain Tooling Group
years of work.

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We transform automotive mobility
Why open source compliance tooling?
▷ Because open source for open source: This is the way!
● Dogfooding
▷ Free as in beer and freedom of course
● Code of course, but do not forget the data!
▷ Key to enable right-sized automation for your open chain
▷ Best-in-class tools in several areas

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Trends – The next(x) next … next wave
▷ Another wave of Compliance tooling creation and adoption underway
● 1st wave was inner source necessity
● 2nd wave was commercial applications
● 3rd wave was centered on license compliance and legal
● Next wave will be centered on developers and appsec
■ Eventually balanced and holistic FOSS solutions

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We transform automotive mobility
Trends
▷ Security is top of mind
● SBOMs are everywhere, but for what? Few can process them
▷ And license compliance is not yet solved
● Still a lot of work left for automation
● Emerging scripting platforms to capture your pipelines
■ Orchestrate many tools
▷ Open data and data sharing will happen
● Everybody wants it, but also everyone wants to control it
● Centralized or decentralized?

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Trends
▷ Software health, quality, sustainability are not yet on the radar
▷ FOSS GUI/Web apps are still badly missing
▷ Slowly the analysis of builds and binaries will displace source-only
scans
▷ Dependency tracking is not yet solved at scale

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Trends - Best tools are FOSS
▷ The leading tools are mostly FOSS first
● License detection
● Container analysis
● Package detection
● Dependency tracking and resolution
▷ But BEWARE
● Lots of tools are shallow and look only skin deep
■ Barely suitable for serious license or security work
● Do your homework and try the tools: they are open after all

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▷ Vulnerability and package databases are the new rush
● Open or commercial vulnerability databases with supposedly
"premium" content
● But BEWARE of the data quality. Size DOES NOT matter.
■ Made up packages, made up versions
■ Not worth their price: Compare and include open solutions!
▷ Every commercial tool now includes license data
● License data derived from package manifest is NOT ENOUGH
● Built-in policies are impractical: is GPL always bad??
Trends - Poor data quality

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PURL is emerging as the glue to avoid lock-in!
● Started to support package ids in ScanCode and VulnerableCode, now everywhere
○ CycloneDX
○ SPDX including just released GitHub SPDX SBOMs features
○ Google OSV
○ Sonatype OSSIndex
○ New PurlDB, MatchCode
○ Most FOSS tools such as ORT, Fosslight, DependencyTrack, Anchore, Tern and most of
the open (and proprietary) SCA and Infosec/Appsec tools
● Coming to the NVD in version 5.1!!
● Key vector for interop: if two tools speak PURL, integration is made easier
● Demand its adoption by your vendors and projects
Trends - PURL is the essential glue

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As PURL become visible, there’s a new direct similar need
● As same way we did started classifications like CVE numbers, PURL package/component id
○ Companies have projects that refers several metadata
○ BOM’s files goes beyond Software
○ Lack of tracking the entire project in a singular identification
● Demand appeared when the first modern BOM’s appeared on the sun
● No formal proposal exists
Trends – Single Project? Unique Identifier

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Insights - Share the data!
"I would like to have automation to avoid repeat work when re-running tools"
"Let's avoid re-running scans, share them and reuse them instead"
● Everyone wants to share and reuse data from scans, and origin and license data
○ Speed up origin and license review
○ Avoid redoing the scans and the same review either inside my org or across orgs
● But "It is hard to overcome lawyers’ objections to sharing data such as license conclusions
and curations"
● And how to trust the scans and curations? And deal with different policies and standards for
conclusions and curations? (specifically about licensing)
● What is the motivation and ease for public data sharing?

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Insights - Open the data!
● Open data (e.g., as in free and open licensed data on FOSS) are emerging
○ The too big to share argument will not hold
● Eventually open, community curated FOSS package "knowledge bases" will become the
norm and supplant proprietary, closed source alternatives
● We should share raw scanners/tools outputs first
● We should fix upstream licensing issues, upstream
● The centralized approach does not work well
○ Too big to share
○ Out of date
○ Lack of trust in centralized control

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Insights – Normalize the Data !
● Data should be centralized but not with the penalty of tool complexity
● Data need to follow some standards
● Logical data should be common but agnostic
● We decentralize the data as a single source of truth
● Decentralizing the data with a single gateway to every tool
● Give liberty of any developer how to use the data
● Give liberty of the owner of the data on how data is manipulated

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License and Vulnerability are like oil and vinegar
● Even if core process is code origin determination, constituents are not the same (yet)
○ License folks care less about Vulnerabilities
○ Security folks care less about Licenses
● FOSS projects that cater to both should provide differentiated documentation for each
audience
● Some core tools are the same, but users are different
● Expect a convergence of the two aspects in the future
● Until then, advice to OSPOs:
○ Handle both domains
○ But adapt your language to each constituent/persona
Insights - Licensing != Security?

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Multiple FOSS projects try to solve license compatibility
● FLICT, OSADL, Hermine Oniro
● Automating license conflicts/compatibility checks is a real problem at scale
● Projects may work together and eventually some conventions will emerge
● Key domains
○ Help legal understand/zoom in on key license concerns
○ What is the effect of multiple licenses?
○ How to surface license compatibility issues
● Effective/resulting license inference and compatibility is a policy issue
○ But tooling can automate the grunt work
Insights - License Compatibility

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● Does copying a snippet of code really matter?
○ Have you looked at the big rocks first? e.g., whole libraries
○ Are you ready to pay the price in time and/or cash?
Image credits: https://www.integrativenutrition.com/
Insights - Snippets and matching?

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● Domain has been abandoned by commercial vendors
○ Snyk has spun off FOSSID
○ Synopsys mostly abandoned Protex
● One new entrant with open source code but proprietary data: SCANOSS
● Snippets may not matter (too much)
● But AI/ML-generated code snippets anyone?
○ Artificial general intelligence (AGI) will make snippets both more relevant and useless
at the same time when everyone can generate the same boilerplate derived from
everyone's code
● Yet code matching can speed up the analysis when done right (find big rocks first)
○ Reuse previous analysis based on matching code: WIP with tools like MatchCode
Insights Snippets and matching?

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● SBOMs are everywhere
○ GitHub can even create these directly from a repo
○ But what about data quality (depth and breadth)?
○ But what about using proper machine readable identifiers (license, PURL)?
● Hi-Fi or Lo-Fi SBOMs?
● Every tool creates SBOMs but then what?
○ 2 out of 50+ folks were effectively consuming SBOMs
● Big gaps in tool-to-tool integration
● Too much over engineering, and under-specification
● Advice: Ignore the SPDX vs. CycloneDX feud and embrace both, with PURL
○ Feel free to ignore SWID
○ SBOM is just a reporting format
Insights – SBOM ?

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● Collaborate: License conflict/compatibility checking FOSS projects on data and
standards (Flict/OSADL/Hermine)
● Create: A live inventory of all FOSS tools and their capabilities
● Share: Approaches to dependency detection/resolution/processing
● Define: Evolve a standard/schema for tool-to-tool technical scan data sharing
● DATA: Exchange and curate data!
Follow up on collaboration opportunities?

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▷ Special thanks for Phillipe Ombredanne for
providing the original content and the
mastermind of this talk.
▷ The content as the spirit of OpenChain
project is licensed under CC-BY-SA-4.0
▷ SST (Single Source of Truth) whitepaper:
https://heliocastro.info/draft/sst.html
CREDITS / REFERENCES

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We transform automotive mobility
Thank you!