1. Building Technology –
Option (I) Woods
Types of Wood
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2. Natural and Manufactured Wood
• Natural wood comes from trees and is separated into (2) two categories.
1) Hardwood
2) Softwood
• Manufactured wood is made-up of multiple types of man-made wood. It
uses natural wood as its raw material.

3. Natural Wood
Softwood
• Softwoods come from evergreen/needle bearing trees.
• These are called conifers because many of them bare cones.
• Softwoods grow faster than hardwoods so they are cheaper, they are also easier
to work with as they are softer than hardwoods.
• They are often used as building material, in addition they are used to make
manufactured woods.

4. Types of Softwood
Pine:
Pine is a soft, white or pale yellow wood which is light weight, straight
grained and lacks figure. It’s resistant to shrinking and swelling. With age
pine wood gets heavier, harder and darker in color.

5. Types of Softwood
Cedar:
Cedar is a knotty softwood which has a red-brown color with light streaks.
It’s resistant to shrinking and swelling. Cedar stands up to moisture,
resisting rot and resisting insect damage better than other woods.

6. Types of Softwood
Cypress:
Cypress tends to be a light, yellowish brown. Cypress trees are conifers, but
unlike most softwoods, these are deciduous trees that shed leaves like
hardwoods. Cypress is very easy to work with but tends to have a horrid
odor. It is considered one of the harder softwoods.

7. Natural Wood
Hardwood
• Hardwood comes from deciduous/broadleaved trees.
• They are generally slow growing which tends to make them harder and more
expensive.
• Hardwoods can be distinguish by the structure of the wood grain. They are
generally more durable and dense than softwoods.
• Hardwoods are often used in high-quality furniture, decks and flooring.

8. Types of Hardwood
Mahogany:
Mahogany that comes from the Caribbean is thought to be the hardest, strongest
and best quality of all its species. It is an easy to work wood which is
reddish brown in color. This wood is very expensive.

9. Types of Hardwood
Teak:
Teak is a yellow to dark brown hardwood which is extremely heavy, strong
and durable. It carves well, but because of its high value, is often used as a
veneer.

10. Types of Hardwood
Mora:
Mora is a very heavy and very hard wood. It has outstanding strength
properties, and is particularly resistant to wear. Mora heartwood varies from
chocolate-brown to reddish brown, the grain is straight to commonly
interlocked.

11. Manufactured Wood
• Manufactured wood refers to timber sheets which are produced by gluing wood
layers or wood fibers together.
• These have been developed mainly for industrial production as they can be made
in very large sheets of consistent quality.
• Manufactured wood is available in many thicknesses, their inexpensiveness
often result in them being used instead of real woods. Manufactured
boards are often covered with a thin layer of real wood which is called a
veneer, this improves their appearance.

12. Types of Manufactured Wood
MDF:
MDF or Medium Density
Fiberboard is a smooth, even
surface, easily machined and
painted or veneered board . Also
available in water and fire resistant
forms.

13. Types of Manufactured Wood
Plywood:
A very strong board which is constructed of layers of veneer or piles which
are glued at 90 degrees to each other. Interior and exterior grades are
available. Plywood is very strong and is often used in construction, it is
available in multiple thicknesses.

14. Types of Manufactured Wood
Particle board
Made from chips of wood glued
together. Usually veneered or
covered in plastic laminate. It is
often used for kitchen and bedroom
furniture

15. Types of Manufactured Wood
OSB:
Oriented Strand Board is a widely used, versatile structural wood
panel. Made from waterproof heat-cured adhesives and
rectangular shaped wood strands that are arranged in cross-
oriented layers, OSB is an engineered wood panel that shares
many of the strength and performance characteristics of plywood.

16. Types of Manufactured Wood
Blockboard:
Blockboard is made up of a core of softwood strips. The strips are
placed edge to edge and sandwiched between veneers of hardwood.
The sandwich is then glued under high pressure. Blockboard is not
suitable for exterior use, it is often used to make shelves, doors,
paneling and partitions.