PRESENTATION ON CONSULTATION IN MANAGEMENT IN ISLAM PRESENTED BY MUBASHIR & ATEEQ STUDENT OF BSAF IIUI.

1. In Context of Management
in Islam

3. PRESENTATION STRUCTURE
 Understanding of Consultation (Shura)
 Five Levels of Consultation
 Consultation in Islam
 Significance of Consultation in Quran
 Ahadees Related to Consultation
 Benefits of Consultation

4. UNDERSTANDING OF CONSULTATION(SHURA)
 A meeting in which someone talks to a person
about a problem, question, etc
 Shura is an Arabic word for consultation and it
comes from a word Shara
 Its meaning is to extract honey from hives
 It brings forth ideas and opinions from people’s
minds
 Good ideas and opinions are as sweet and
precious as honey
 The Quran and Muhammad (S.A.W) encourage
Muslims to decide their affairs in consultation with
those who will be affected by that decision

5. UNDERSTANDING OF CONSULTATION(SHURA)
 Principles
o Consultation should be obtained in all matters
whenever possible
o Give frank opinion without hesitation when
consulted
o Opinion must be honest and not biased
o Once the decision is mad, then it is not the decision
of few individuals, rather it belongs to the jamaah
o Evidence from Quran shall prevail

6. UNDERSTANDING OF CONSULTATION(SHURA)
Whom to consult?
o If the matter is one of direct importance to ordinary
people, the leader should either consult them or
consult those whom they trust
o If the matter in question requires specific
knowledge, specialists in that matter should be
consult

7. UNDERSTANDING OF CONSULTATION(SHURA)
 Qualities of the Shura people
o Iman and Taqwah
o Knowledge of Quran and Sunnah
o Practicing upon Islamic knowledge
o No desire to seek power or material benefits
o Have people’s trust and respect

8. FIVE LEVELS OF CONSULTATION(SHURA)
 Individual Shura- For individual decisions
 Family Shura
 Organizational Shura
 For public decisions (Public Shura)
 Governmental affairs

9. CONSULTATION(SHURA) IN ISLAM
 The Holy Quran orders the Prophet (SAW) to
consult with others in finding solutions:
 ُُ‫م‬ْ‫ُّال‬‫ب‬ ِ‫ح‬ُ‫ي‬َ‫ه‬َّ‫الل‬َّ‫ن‬ِ‫إ‬ِ‫ه‬َّ‫ىالل‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ْ‫ل‬َّ‫ك‬ َ‫و‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ف‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫م‬َ‫ز‬َ‫ع‬‫ذا‬ِ‫إ‬َ‫ف‬ ِ‫ر‬ْ‫م‬ ََْ‫ياأل‬ِ‫ف‬ْ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬ ْ‫ر‬ِ‫و‬‫شا‬ َ‫و‬
َُ‫ين‬ِ‫ل‬ِ‫ك‬ َ‫و‬َ‫ت‬﴾
 “And make counsel with them in the affair; so when
you have decided, then place your trust in Allah;
surely Allah loves those who trust
 In another verse, God describes the religious and
faithful people in the following manner

10. CONSULTATION(SHURA) IN ISLAM
 ﴿‫ورى‬ُ‫ش‬ْ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬ُ‫ر‬ْ‫م‬َ‫أ‬ َ‫َو‬‫ة‬‫ال‬َّ‫ص‬‫واال‬ُ‫م‬‫قا‬َ‫أ‬ َ‫و‬ْ‫م‬ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ب‬َ‫ر‬ِ‫ل‬‫وا‬ُ‫ب‬‫جا‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬‫َا‬‫ن‬‫ي‬ِ‫ذ‬َّ‫ال‬ َ‫و‬
ُُ‫ق‬ِ‫ف‬ْ‫ن‬ُ‫ي‬ْ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬‫نا‬ْ‫ق‬َ‫ز‬َ‫ار‬َّ‫م‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫و‬ْ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬َ‫ن‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ب‬َُ‫ون‬﴾
 “And those who respond to their Lord, keep up
prayer, who consult among themselves, and who
give out (to the poor) part of what we have given
them
 The Prophet used to advise people to have
consultation. He himself made use of it frequently

11. CONSULTATION(SHURA) IN ISLAM
 In the Holy War of Badr, prior to his confrontation
with the enemy, he consulted with his followers
 “Tell me your views concerning the combat with
Quraish. Shall we advance? Shall we confront the
enemy? Or shall we return back?”
 In the first verse which was revealed onto the
Prophet on the issue of consultation, God says:
 ﴿َُّ‫ىاّلل‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ْ‫ل‬َّ‫ك‬ َ‫و‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ف‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫م‬َ‫ز‬َ‫ع‬‫ذا‬ِ‫إ‬َ‫ف‬﴾
 “As soon as you have decided, rely on Allah”.

12. CONSULTATION(SHURA) IN ISLAM
 Consultation in Islam differs completely from that
carried out in democratic states, in which the
ratification of laws must be carried out by the
Senate or the House of Representatives
 The president is the administrator who should put
the laws
 In Islam the Prophet has to follow neither the
majority nor the minority
 It is up to the Prophet to arrive at the final decision
of whether or not his decision is in harmony with the
majority
 Then, according to the Holy Quran, the Prophet has
to rely on Allah

13. CONSULTATION(SHURA) IN ISLAM
 In the following verse, the Holy Quran severely
condemns those who interfere with God's
commands in appointing certain tasks for people
 ﴿
‫و‬ُ‫ك‬َ‫ي‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫أ‬ً‫ا‬‫ر‬ْ‫م‬َ‫أ‬ُ‫ه‬ُ‫ل‬‫و‬ُ‫س‬َ‫ر‬ َ‫و‬ُ‫ه‬َّ‫ىالل‬َ‫ض‬َ‫ق‬‫ذا‬ِ‫إ‬ٍ‫ة‬َ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ْ‫ؤ‬ُ‫م‬‫ال‬ َ‫و‬ٍ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ْ‫ؤ‬ُ‫م‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫ن‬‫ماكا‬ َ‫و‬
‫ال‬َ‫ض‬َّ‫ل‬َ‫ض‬ْ‫د‬َ‫ق‬َ‫ف‬ُ‫ه‬َ‫ل‬‫و‬ُ‫س‬َ‫ر‬ َ‫و‬َ‫ه‬َّ‫الل‬ ِ‫ص‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ي‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫م‬ َ‫و‬ْ‫م‬ِ‫ه‬ ِ‫ر‬ْ‫م‬َ‫أ‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ُ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬َ‫ي‬ ِ‫خ‬ْ‫ال‬ُ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ن‬
ًُ‫ا‬‫يد‬ِ‫ع‬َ‫ب‬ً‫ال‬﴾
 “And it beholds, not a believing man nor a believing
woman, that they should have any choice when
Allah and his Apostle have decided a matter: and
whoever disobeys Allah and his Apostle, he surely
strays off a manifest straying”

14. SIGNIFICANCE OF CONSULTATION IN ISLAM
‫بسماللهالرحمنالرحيم‬
‫ي‬ ِ‫ر‬ْ‫د‬َ‫ص‬‫ي‬ِ‫ل‬ْ‫ح‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫ش‬‫ا‬ِ‫ب‬َ‫;ر‬ ‫ي‬ ِ‫ر‬ْ‫م‬َ‫أ‬‫ي‬ِ‫ل‬ ْ‫ر‬ِ‫س‬َ‫ي‬ َ‫ُ;و‬ِ‫ان‬َ‫س‬ِ‫ل‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ً‫ة‬َ‫د‬ْ‫ق‬ُ‫ع‬ْ‫ل‬ُ‫ل‬ْ‫اح‬ َ‫;و‬
‫ي‬ِ‫ل‬ ْ‫و‬َ‫ق‬‫وا‬ُ‫ه‬َ‫ق‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫ي‬
َُ‫ق‬َ‫أ‬ َ‫و‬ْ‫م‬ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ب‬َ‫ر‬ِ‫ل‬‫وا‬ُ‫ب‬‫ا‬َ‫ج‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬‫َا‬‫ن‬‫ي‬ِ‫ذ‬َّ‫ال‬ َ‫و‬‫ى‬َ‫ور‬ُ‫ش‬ْ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬ُ‫ر‬ْ‫م‬َ‫أ‬ َ‫َو‬‫ة‬‫ال‬َّ‫ص‬‫واال‬ُ‫م‬‫ا‬‫م‬ُ‫ه‬َ‫ن‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ب‬
َُ‫ون‬ُ‫ق‬ِ‫ف‬ْ‫ن‬ُ‫ي‬ْ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬‫َا‬‫ن‬ْ‫ق‬َ‫ز‬َ‫ار‬َّ‫م‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫و‬ َْ
o “And those who answer the call of their Lord, and
perform As-Salat, and who (conduct) their affairs by
mutual consultation, and who spend of what We
have bestowed on them;”

15. SIGNIFICANCE OF CONSULTATION IN ISLAM
 This is understood from preceding verses where Allah
says that “that which is with Allah is better and more
lasting
 In the above mentioned verse of Quran tells us that
‘Consultation’ is an important aspect of Islamic life
 In fact, Allah had instructed Prophet Muhammad
(PBUH) in Qur’an to consult his companions; refer to
following verse
 ‫َا‬‫ش‬ َ‫و‬ْ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬َ‫ل‬ ْ‫ر‬ِ‫ف‬ْ‫غ‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬‫ا‬ َ‫و‬ْ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫ع‬ُ‫ف‬ْ‫ع‬‫ا‬َ‫ف‬ُِ‫ر‬ْ‫م‬َ‫أل‬‫يا‬ِ‫ف‬ْ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬ ْ‫ر‬ِ‫و‬
 “So pardon them, and ask forgiveness for them; and
consult them in the affairs”

16. AHADEES RELATED TO CONSULTATION
 Abu Huraira(RA) reported that the Prophet said “Al
mustasharum utamanun”. One who is consulted must
be trustworthy
 Aisha said,” I have not seen a person who would
consult in matters more then the prophet (SAW)
 Ali asked O Prophet! We have a matter in which we
do not have a command then what is your advice?”
He said” Consult the righteous wise people and do
not depend upon individual opinion”.

17. AHADEES RELATED TO CONSULTATION
 In respond to a question by Abdullah ibn Abbas he said”
Refer it to the shura of righteous Muslims and do not
decide on individual opinion
 Abu Huraira reported that Prophet said” Whoever is
consulted and he gives opinion contrary to truth then he
did khayanah. Whoever give fatwah without proper
evidence then its sin is upon such person.”

18. BENEFITS OF CONSULTATION (SHURA)
 To see the issue under discussion from different
angles
 Making a more informed decision by taking into
account all factors, constraints, threats, and
opportunities
 Making the best use of people’s contributions and
ideas

19. BENEFITS OF CONSULTATION (SHURA)
 Personal involvement of all people in the decision
making process
 It makes them more motivated and convinced when
their opinions are take into consideration
 People are more positive and willing to implement the
decision