1. ATOMIC STRUCTURE AND
THE PERIODIC TABLE

2. MODULE 1: FUNDAMENTALS OF SCIENCE
1. ATOMIC STRUCTURE AND THE PERIODIC TABLE
DALTON’S ATOMIC THEORY
STRUCTURE OF AN ATOM
DEFINITION OF KEY TERMS
RELATIVE ATOMIC MASS CALCULATIONS
CONTENTS

3. MODULE 1
1. ATOMIC STRUCTURE AND THE PERIODIC TABLE
DALTON’S ATOMIC THEORY
STRUCTURE OF AN ATOM
DEFINITION OF KEY TERMS
RELATIVE ATOMIC MASS CALCULATIONS
CONTENTS

4. the idea that all things are made
of tiny particles called atoms
ATOMIC THEORY

5. A
B
C
D
E
electron
shell
neutron
proton
nucleus

7. ATOMIC THEORY

8. DALTON’S ATOMIC THEORY
1. Matter consists of small particles called atoms
2. Atoms are indivisible particles that cannot be created or destroyed
3. Atoms of the same element are identical in mass and properties
4. Atoms of different elements have different mass and properties
5. Atoms combine in simple whole number ratios to form compounds
6. Atoms can combine in more than one simple whole number ratios

9. DALTON’S ATOMIC
THEORY CHALLENGED!

10. DALTON’S ATOMIC
THEORY CHALLENGED!
THREE OF HIS POSTULATES REJECTED!

11. DALTON’S ATOMIC THEORY
1. Matter consists of small particles called atoms
2. Atoms are indivisible particles that cannot be created or destroyed
3. Atoms of the same element are identical in mass and properties
4. Atoms of different elements have different mass and properties
5. Atoms combine in simple whole number ratios to form compounds
6. Atoms can combine in more than one simple whole number ratios

12. 2. Atoms are indivisible and cannot be
created or destroyed
DALTON’S ATOM MODERN CHEMISTRY ATOM
No sub-atomic particles present Sub-atomic particles present

13. 2. Atoms are indivisible and cannot
be created or destroyed
MODERN ATOMIC THEORY
Atoms can be converted to another atom in
NUCLEAR REACTIONS
DALTON’S THEORY
THIS TRUE FOR CHEMICAL
REACTIONS

14. 3. Atoms of the same element are
identical in mass and properties
DALTON’S THEORY MODERN ATOMIC THEORY
Atoms of the same element
have the same mass
Around 254 stable isotopes exist
Atoms of the same element may have
different masses

15. Limitations of Dalton’s Theory
CHEMISTRY FOR CAPE PG 4

16. BACKBONE OF SCIENTIFIC
THEORIES
That which can be
asserted without
EVIDENCE can be
dismissed without
EVIDENCE

17. THEORIES IN SCIENCE
The general criteria that are considered when theories are
accepted include:
• Logical and shows connection between scientific evidence and
theoretical constructs
• Scientific data should be accurate, reliable and replicable
• General agreement and acceptance of the theory within the
scientific community

18. THEORIES IN SCIENCE
• Dalton’s atomic theory paved
the way for more ideas and
theories.
• Other scientists could test his
theory experimentally and
developed new ideas and
theories.
• Development in science is
driven by continuous testing
and challenging of existing
theories.

19. SAMPLE
QUESTION 1
P2 2011

20. SAMPLE
QUESTION 3
P2 2017
SAMPLE
QUESTION 2
P2 2016

21. MODULE 1: : FUNDAMENTALS OF SCIENCE
1. ATOMIC STRUCTURE AND THE PERIODIC TABLE
DALTON’S ATOMIC THEORY
STRUCTURE OF AN ATOM
DEFINITION OF KEY TERMS
RELATIVE ATOMIC MASS CALCULATIONS
CONTENTS