Bagi Perusahaan yang membutuhkan Pelatihan ini dapat menghubungi Kami HARD-Hi SMART CONSULTING di Hotline : 0878-7063-5053 (Fast Response) dengan Bpk. M. Shobrie H.W., SE, CFA, CLA, CPHR, CPTr.

1. Tatap Muka
ANGGARAN PERUSAHAAN
4-7 M. Shobrie H.W., SE, CPHR, CPTr.
Anggaran Operasi
(Operational Budget)
S . T . I . E . B . I .

2. Budgeting-Planning-Control
Planning and Control are Tied together
Planning — Looking ahead to see what
actions should be taken to
realize particular goals
Control — Looking backward determining
what actually happened and
comparing it with the previously
planned outcomes

3. Budgets
• Key component of Planning
• Financial plans for the Future
• Identify Objectives and Actions
needed to Achieve them
Before a budget is prepared,
a strategic plan should be
developed

4. Strategic Plan
Identifies strategies for Future Activities
and Operations
Long- and Short-term Objectives
Objectives form the
basis of the budget

5. Advantages of Budgeting
1. Forces Managers to Plan
2. Provides Information that can be Used
to Improve Decision Making
3. Provides a Standard for Performance
Evaluations or Appraisals
4. Improves Communication and Make
Sure Coordination

6. Master Budget
Comprehensive Financial Plan for the
Organization as a Whole
Can be broken down into Quarterly
and Monthly Budgets

7. Continuous Budget
A moving 12-Month Budget
January February December January
2011 2011 ……………. 2011 2012

8. Budget Committee &
Director Roles
Budget Committee :
• Reviews the budget
• Provides policy guidelines and budgetary goals
• Resolves differences that arise as the budget is prepared
• Approves the final budget
• Monitors actual performance as the year unfolds
Budget Director :
• Responsible for directing and coordinating overall
budgeting process
• Usually the controller

9. Major Components of the
Master Budget
Master Budget can be divided into :
• Operational Budgets
– Describe the income-generating
activities of a company
• Financial Budgets
– Detain the inflows and outflows of cash
and the overall financial position

10. Example: Cornerstone 9-1
How to Prepare a Sales Budget
Information:
Budgeted units to be sold for each quarter :
1,000 1,200 1,500 and 2,000
Selling price is $10 per T-shirt
Required:
Prepare a sales budget for each quarter and for the year

11. Sales Budget
• Projection approved by budget
committee
– describes expected sales in units and
currencies (i.e: $, Rp, Y, etc)
• Basis for all other operating and most of
the financial budgets

12. Sales Budget
Preparation Steps
1. Develop a sales forecast
- responsibility of marketing department
- bottom-up approach
• Sales people submit sales projections
2. Forecast must be reviewed by budget
committee
3. Budget committee recommends all
changes prior to approval

13. Moose Patties Inc.
Sales Budget
For the Year Ending December 31, 2012
Quarter
1 2 3 4 Year
Units 1,000 1,200 1,500 2,000 5,700
Unit selling
price × $10 × $10 × $10 × $10 × $10
Budgeted
sales $10,000 $12,000 $15,000 $20,000 $57,000
Most sales happen in summer and fall

14. Production Budget
Describes how many units must be
produced in order to meet sales needs and
satisfy ending inventory requirements
Formula :
Units to Expected Units in Units in
be = unit + ending - beginning
produced sales inventory inventory

15. Example: Cornerstone 9-2
How to Prepare the Production Budget
Information:
• Sales budget :
– 1st quarter = 1,000 units
– 2nd quarter = 1,200 units
– 3rd quarter = 1,500 units
– 4th quarter = 2,000 units
• Beginning inventory is 180 T-shirts
• Ending inventory :
– Desired quantity = 20% of the following quarter’s sales
– Sales for the first quarter of 2012 = 1,000 units
Required:
Prepare a production budget for each quarter and for the year

16. Moose Patties Inc.
Production Budget
For the Year Ending December 31, 2011
Quarter
From the sales budget
1 2 3 4 Year
Sales 1,000 1,200 1,500 2,000 5,700
Desired ending inventory 240 300 400 200 200
20% of the next
20% of third
20% of second year’s first
quarter’s sales
quarter’s sales quarter sales
20% × 1,500 units
20% × 1,200 units 20% × 1,000
units

17. Moose Patties Inc.
Production Budget
For the Year Ending December 31, 2011
Quarter
1 2 3 4 Year
Sales 1,000 1,200 1,500 2,000 5,700
Desired ending inventory 240 300 400 200 200
Total needs 1,240 1,500 1,900 2,200 5,900
Less: Begining inventory (180) (240) (300) (400) (180)
1st quarter’s ending inventory is Beginning inventory as
2nd quarter’s beginning inventory of January, 1, 2011

18. Moose Patties Inc.
Production Budget
For the Year Ending December 31, 2011
Quarter
1 2 3 4 Year
Sales 1,000 1,200 1,500 2,000 5,700
Desired ending inventory 240 300 400 200 200
Total needs 1,240 1,500 1,900 2,200 5,900
Less: Begining inventory (180) (240) (300) (400) (180)
Units to be produced 1,060 1,260 1,600 1,800 5,720
1,240 needed, we already All four quarter’s production
have 180, so we need to added together
produce 1,060 units

19. Direct Materials Purchases
Budget
Tells the amount and cost of raw materials to be
purchased in each time period
Formula :
Direct materials needed for production
+ Desired direct materials in ending inventory
- Direct materials in beginning inventory
Direct materials to be purchased

20. Example: Cornerstone 9-3
How to Prepare a Direct Materials Purchases Budget
Information:
• Production budget
– Units to be produced :
• 1st quarter = 1,060 units
• 2nd quarter = 1,260 units
• 3rd quarter = 1,600 units
• 4th quarter = 1,800 units
• Total for the year = 5,720 units
• Per-unit basis
– One plain T-shirt, $3 each
– 5 grams of ink, $0.20 per-gram

21. Information continued:
• Beginning inventory
– 58 plain T-shirts and 390 grams of ink
• Ending inventory
– 10% of the following quarter’s production
– Desired ending inventory is 106 T-shirts and 530
grams of ink
Required:
Prepare a direct materials purchases budget for :
―Plain T-shirts and Ink‖

22. Moose Patties Inc.
Direct Materials Purchases Budget
For the Year Ending December 31, 2011
Quarter
Plain T-Shirts
1 2 3 4 Year
Units to be produced 1,060 1,260 1,600 1,800 5,720
Direct materials per unit ×1 ×1 ×1 ×1 ×1
Production needs 1,060 1,260 1,600 1,800 5,720
Desired ending inventory 126
10% of next quarter’s Each unit required
production needs 1 plain T-shirt
From production
budget

23. Moose Patties Inc.
Direct Materials Purchases Budget
For the Year Ending December 31, 2011
Quarter
Plain T-Shirts
1 2 3 4 Year
Units to be produced 1,060 1,260 1,600 1,800 5,720
Direct materials per unit ×1 ×1 ×1 ×1 ×1
Production needs 1,060 1,260 1,600 1,800 5,720
Desired ending inventory 126 160 180 106 106
10% of the next year’s 1st quarter
production needs

24. Moose Patties Inc.
Direct Materials Purchases Budget
For the Year Ending December 31, 2011
Quarter
Plain T-Shirts
1 2 3 4 Year
Units to be produced 1,060 1,260 1,600 1,800 5,720
Direct materials per unit ×1 ×1 ×1 ×1 ×1
Production needs 1,060 1,260 1,600 1,800 5,720
Desired ending inventory 126 160 180 106 106
Total needs 1,186 1,420 1,780 1,906 5,826
Less: Beginning inventory (58) (126)
1st quarter’s ending inventory is the 2nd
quarter’s beginning inventory

25. Moose Patties Inc.
Direct Materials Purchases Budget
For the Year Ending December 31, 2011
Quarter
Plain T-Shirts
1 2 3 4 Year
Units to be produced 1,060 1,260 1,600 1,800 5,720
Direct materials per unit ×1 ×1 ×1 ×1 ×1
Production needs 1,060 1,260 1,600 1,800 5,720
Desired ending inventory 126 160 180 106 106
Total needs 1,186 1,420 1,780 1,906 5,826
Less: Beginning inventory (58) (126) (160) (180) (58)
Beginning of the year
inventory

26. Moose Patties Inc.
Direct Materials Purchases Budget
For the Year Ending December 31, 2011
Quarter
Plain T-Shirts
1 2 3 4 Year
Units to be produced 1,060 1,260 1,600 1,800 5,720
Direct materials per unit ×1 ×1 ×1 ×1 ×1
Production needs 1,060 1,260 1,600 1,800 5,720
Desired ending inventory 126 160 180 106 106
Total needs 1,186 1,420 1,780 1,906 5,826
Less: Beginning inventory (58) (126) (160) (180) (58)
Quantity to be purchased 1,128 1,294 1,620 1,726 5,768
Cost per T-shirt × $3
Turning # of T-shirts into $ amount

27. Moose Patties Inc.
Direct Materials Purchases Budget
For the Year Ending December 31, 2011
Quarter
Plain T-Shirts
1 2 3 4 Year
Units to be produced 1,060 1,260 1,600 1,800 5,720
Direct materials per unit ×1 ×1 ×1 ×1 ×1
Production needs 1,060 1,260 1,600 1,800 5,720
Desired ending inventory 126 160 180 106 106
Total needs 1,186 1,420 1,780 1,906 5,826
Less: Beginning inventory (58) (126) (160) (180) (58)
Quantity to be purchased 1,128 1,294 1,620 1,726 5,768
Cost per T-shirt × $3 × $3 × $3 × $3 × $3
Total Cost $3,384 $3,882 $4,860 $5,178 $17,304

28. Moose Patties Inc.
Direct Materials Purchases Budget
For the Year Ending December 31, 2011
We can do the Quarter
Ink
same thing for ink 1 2 3 4 Year
Units to be produced 1,060 1,260 1,600 1,800 5,720
Direct materials per unit ×5
It takes 5 grams of ink for each T-shirt

29. Moose Patties Inc.
Direct Materials Purchases Budget
For the Year Ending December 31, 2011
Quarter
Ink
1 2 3 4 Year
Units to be produced 1,060 1,260 1,600 1,800 5,720
Direct materials per unit ×5 ×5 ×5 ×5 ×5
Production needs 5,300 6,300 8,000 9,000 28,600
Desired ending inventory 630 800 900 530 530
Total needs 5,930 7,100 8,900 9,530 29,130
Less: Beginning inventory (390) (630) (800) (900) (390)
Quantity to be purchased 5,540 6,470 8,100 8,630 28,740
Cost per T-shirt × $0.20 × $0.20 × $0.20 × $0.20 × $0.20
Total Cost $1,108 $1,294 $1,620 $1,726 $5,748

30. Moose Patties Inc.
Direct Materials Purchases Budget
For the Year Ending December 31, 2011
Quarter
1 2 3 4 Year
Total purchase
cost of T-shirts $3,384 $3,882 $4,860 $5,178 $17,304
Total purchase
cost of ink 1,108 1,294 1,620 1,726 5,748
Total direct materials
purchase cost $4,492 $5,176 $6,480 $6,904 $23,052

31. Direct Labour Budget
Shows the total direct labour hours needed
and the associated cost for the number of units
in the production budget

32. Example: Cornerstone 9-4
How to Prepare a Direct Labour Budget
Information:
• Production budget
– Units to be produced :
• 1st quarter = 1,060 units
• 2nd quarter = 1,260 units
• 3rd quarter = 1,600 units
• 4th quarter = 1,800 units
• Total for the year – 5,720 units
• It takes 0.12 hour to produce one t-shirt
• Average wage cost per hour is $10
Required:
Prepare a direct labour budget

33. Moose Patties Inc.
Direct Labour Budget
For the Year Ending December 31, 2011
Quarter
1 2 3 4 Year
Units to be produced 1,060 1,260 1,600 1,800 5,720
Direct labour per unit × 0.12 × 0.12 × 0.12 × 0.12 × 0.12
Total hours needed 127.2 151.2 192 216 686.4
Average wage per hour × $10 × $10 × $10 × $10 × $10
Total direct labour cost $1,272 $1,512 $1,920 $2,160 $6,864

34. Overhead Budget
Shows the expected cost of all
production costs other than direct
materials and direct labour
Overhead costs are separated into
fixed and variable costs and a
variable rate is calculated

35. Example: Cornerstone 9-5
How to Prepare an Overhead Budget
Information:
• Direct labour budget
– Budgeted direct labour hours:
• 1st quarter = 127.2 hours
• 2nd quarter = 151.2 hours
• 3rd quarter = 192 hours
• 4th quarter = 216 hours
• Total for the year = 686.4 hours
• Variable overhead rate is $5 per direct labour hour
• Fixed overhead is budgeted at $1,645 per quarter
Required:
Prepare an overhead budget

36. Moose Patties Inc.
Overhead Budget
For the Year Ending December 31, 2011
Moose Patties bases its variable Quarter
overhead on direct labour hours
1 2 3 4 Year
Budgeted direct
labour hours 127.2 151.2 192 216 686.4
Variable overhead rate x $5 x $5 x $5 x $5 x $5
Variable overhead $ 636 $ 756 $ 960 $1,080 $3,432
Budgeted fixed
overhead Add in the fixed overhead
of $1,645 per quarter

37. Moose Patties Inc.
Overhead Budget
For the Year Ending December 31, 2011
Quarter
1 2 3 4 Year
Budgeted direct
labour hours 127.2 151.2 192 216 686.4
Variable overhead rate x $5 x $5 x $5 x $5 x $5
Variable overhead $ 636 $ 756 $ 960 $1,080 $3,432
Budgeted fixed
overhead 1,645 1,645 1,645 1,645 6,580
Total Overhead $2,281 $2,401 $2,605 $2,725 $10,012

38. Ending Finished Goods
Inventory Budget
• Supplies information needed for the
balance sheet
• Important input for the preparation of
the cost of goods sold budget

39. Example: Cornerstone 9-6
How to Prepare an Ending Finished Goods Inventory Budget
Information:
• Each shirt requires one plain t-shirt and 5 grams of ink
• Each T-shirt costs $3.00 and ink costs $0.20 per gram
• Takes 0.12 hours to produce one t-shirt
• Employees are paid an average of $10 per hour
• Variable overhead rate is $5 per direct labour hour
• Fixed overhead is budgeted at $1,645 per quarter
Required:
Prepare an ending finished goods inventory budget

40. Moose Patties Inc.
Ending Finished Goods Inventory Budget
For the Year Ending December 31, 2011
Unit cost computation:
Direct materials $4.00
Direct labour 1.20
T-shirt + Ink =
$3.00 + (5 grams @ $0.20) = $4.00
0.12 hours of direct labour × $10 per hour

41. Moose Patties Inc.
Ending Finished Goods Inventory Budget
For the Year Ending December 31, 2011
Unit cost computation:
Direct materials $4.00
Direct labour 1.20
Overhead :
Variable 0.60
Fixed 1.15
$5 per direct labour hour Budgeted fixed overhead of
× 0.12 hours $6,580 / 686.4 budgeted direct labour hours
= $9.59 per hour
$9.59 × 0.12 hours

42. Moose Patties Inc.
Ending Finished Goods Inventory Budget
For the Year Ending December 31, 2011
Unit cost computation:
Direct materials $4.00
Direct labour 1.20
Overhead:
Variable 0.60
Fixed 1.15
Total unit cost $6.95

43. Example: Cornerstone 9-7
How to Prepare a Cost of Goods Sold Budget
Information:
• Direct materials :
– T-shirts = $3 each × 5,720 T-shirts produced
– Ink = $0.20 per gram × 5 grams per-shirt × 5,720 T-shirts produced
• Direct labour = $10 per hour x 0.12 hours per shirt × 5,720
T-shirts produced
• Variable overhead = $5 per direct labour hour × 0.12 hours
per shirt x 5,720 shirts
• Fixed overhead = $1,645 per quarter × 4 quarters

44. Moose Patties Inc.
Cost of Goods Sold Budget
For the Year Ending December 31, 2011
Direct materials used $22,880
Direct labour used 6,864
(5720 × $3 per t-shirt) +
(5 grams ink × $0.20 per gram × 5720)
5720 t-shirts × 0.12 hours per t-shirt × $10 per hour

45. Moose Patties Inc.
Cost of Goods Sold Budget
For the Year Ending December 31, 2011
Direct materials used $22,880
Direct labour used Variable + Fixed
6,864
Overhead 10,012
Budgeted manufacturing costs $39,756
Beginning finished goods 1,251
180 units @ $6.95 per unit cost

46. Moose Patties Inc.
Cost of Goods Sold Budget
For the Year Ending December 31, 2011
Direct materials used $22,880
Direct labour used 6,864
Overhead 10,012
Budgeted manufacturing costs $39,756
Beginning finished goods 1,251
Goods available for sale $41,007
Less: Ending finished goods (1,390)
Budgeted cost of goods sold $39,617
200 T-shirts × $6.95 = $1,390

47. Selling and Administrative
Expenses Budget
Outlines planned expenditures for
nonmanufacturing activities
Selling and administrative expenses
can be broken down into fixed and
variable components

48. Example: Cornerstone 9-8
How to Prepare a Selling and Administrative Expenses Budget
Information:
• Sales budget 1,000; 1,200; 1,500; and 2,000 units sold in
quarters 1 through 4, respectively
• Variable expenses = 0.10 per unit sold
• Fixed expenses :
– Salaries average $1,420 per quarter
– Utilities = $50 per quarter
– Depreciation = $150 per quarter
– Advertising = $100; $200; $300 and $500 for quarters 1 through 4
– Insurance is $500 and is paid in the third quarter

49. Moose Patties Inc.
Selling and Administrative Expense Budget
For the Year Ending December 31, 2011
Quarter
1 2 3 4 Year
Planned sales in units 1,000 1,200 1,500 2,000 5,700
Variable expenses* × $0.10 × $0.10 × $0.10 × $0.10 × $0.10
Total Variable expenses $ 100 $ 120 $ 150 $ 200 $ 570
Fixed expenses :
Salaries $1,420 $1,420 $1,420 $1,420 $5,680
Utilities 50 50 50 50 200
Advertising 100 200 300 500 1,100
Depreciation 150 150 150 150 600
Insurance ----- ----- 500 ----- 500
Total Fixed expenses $1,720 $1,820 $2,420 $2,120 $8,080
Total Selling & Admin. exp. $1,820 $1,940 $2,570 $2,320 $8,650

50. Example: Cornerstone 9-9
How to Prepare a Budgeted Income Statement
Information:
• Sales budget, $57,000
• Cost of goods sold, $39,617
• Selling and administrative expenses, $8,650
(600 is depreciation)
• Income tax rate, 40%
• Interest expense, $60
Required:
Prepare a budgeted income statement

51. Moose Patties Inc.
Budgeted Income Statement
For the Year Ending December 31, 2011
Sales $57,000
Less: Cost of goods sold (39,617)
Gross margin $17,383
Less: Selling & admin expense (8,650)
Operating income $8,733
Less: Interest expense (60)
Income before taxes (EBT) $8,673
Less: Income taxes (3,469)
Net income (NI / EAT) $5,204
Income before taxes of $8,673 × 40% tax rate