3. OVERVIEW
• Obesity…
• Its prevalence
• Effects
• Methods
• Strategies for weight loss
• Diet
• Exercise
• Diet and Exercise
• Review of literature
• Conclusion
• Recommendations
• Reference
4. OBESITY
• Abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that presents a risk to
health.
• Measured using BMI:
• Square of height in meters and weight in kilograms.
5. PHYSICAL INACTIVITY+ UNHEALTHY
DIET = OBESITY
• 80% of the Americans physically inactive
• 45% adults are not sufficiently active to achieve health
benefits.
• National centre for health statistics:
• 37.9% obese
• 70.7% obese +overweight
• The WHO global strategy on diet, physical activity and
health aims to address 2 major risk factors for 60% of
global death.
• Major leading cause for non communicable diseases.
• Obesity as an epidemic in USA.
8. 30% of adult males and 55% of adult
females report having tried to lose
weight; reports among teen and
college-age females much higher.
The percentage of adults who were
overweight or obese and trying to lose
weight declined eventually from 56%
in 1988-1994 to 49% in 2009-2014.
TRYING TO LOOSE WEIGHT
9. Hypothesis statement:
A one year clinical trial for weight loss will be
successful;
•When diet and exercise intervention are stated
simultaneously.
•There will be no significant difference in
reduced %body fat between the healthy male
and female response to this intervention.
10. Methods
•Data extraction:
• literature search from different search
engines
•Inclusion criteria:
•Age 18-35yrs
•BMI > 25 kg/m.m
•Study duration of 1 year
•Measure using BMI and/or DEXA
11. •Key words:
•Diet, exercise, obesity, weight loss, diet
therapy, exertion BMI.
•Combination questions
• Exclusion criteria:
Pregnant women
Weight loss with behavioural therapy and
medications
12. SO WHAT SHOULD ONE DO?
• The most common approaches are:
• 1) Diet
• 2) Exercise
• 3) Surgeries
• 4) Diet pills
• 5) Appetite suppressants
• Diet and exercise are common targets for weight
loss interventions.
14. Concepts of Physical Fitness 12e
PRINCIPLES OF WEIGHT
CONTROL
(A BALANCE BETWEEN INTAKE AND
EXPENDITURE)
EXIN
IN > EX - Gain Weight
IN = EX - Maintain Weight
IN < EX - Lose Weight
15. LITERATURE……………
• Sopko n his colleagues in their study compared the
amount of weight loss be on diet alone and exercise
alone program reported that equivalent amount of
weight loss can be obtained when energy expenditure
from exercise is equal to caloric restriction from a
diet.
Paez CJ, Kravitz L. Exercise vs. diet in weight loss. IDEA Personal Trainer.
2002;13(3):15-7.
16. DIET:
• Various types of diets.
• Effects of diets:
• Mood changes- low neurotransmitters
• Energy expenditure- body mass reduced
• Muscle loss.
• NIH obesity education initiative expert panel
recommends a caloric deficit of 500-1000kcal/day
and should result in a weight loss of 1 – 2 lbs per
week.
19. EXERCISE:
• An activity requiring physical effort, carried out
especially to sustain or improve health and fitness.
• comprehensive part of weight management program.
• contributes to weight loss, may decrease abdominal
fat, and may help with maintenance of weight loss.
• increases energy expenditure
• plays an integral role in weight maintenance
• Reduces the risk of heart disease
• Reduces body fat, prevents decrease in muscle
mass during weight loss
• All adults: goal of 30 minutes or more of moderate-
intensity physical activity on most and preferably all
days.
• Physical activity is most helpful in preventing weight
regain.
20. LITERATURE…………….
• In a randomized control trial study for 3 months, the
effect of diet or exercise-induced weight loss on the
reduction of obesity and related comorbid conditions
and effect of exercise without weight loss on fat
distribution and other risk factors. Concluded that,
weight loss induced by increased daily physical
activity without caloric restriction substantially
reduces obesity and insulin resistance in men.
Exercise without weight loss reduces abdominal fat
and prevents further weight loss.
Ross R, Dagnone D, Jones PJ, Smith H, Paddags A, Hudson R, Janssen I. Reduction in
obesity and related comorbid conditions after diet-induced weight loss or exercise-
induced weight loss in men. A randomized, controlled trial. Annals of internal medicine.
2000 Jul 18;133(2):92-103.
21.
22. EXERCISE AND DIET
BOTH
• Stanford University School of Medicine –
Researchers discovered changing exercise and diet at
the same time gives a bigger boost than tackling them
sequentially.
• They found that focusing on changing diet first may
interfere with establishing a consistent exercise
routine.
• Timing matters for changes to last long…!!
23. LITERATURE STUDY…..!!!
• ACSM released 2 statements:
• 1st adding exercise to diet with caloric restriction
promotes fat loss but maintains FFM.
• 2nd claims that physical activity without caloric
restriction minimally affects fat loss.
• Ross, Freeman contradicted –best way to control
body weight is a well established diet and exercise
together.
Ross R, Freeman JA, Janssen I. Exercise alone is an effective
strategy for reducing obesity and related comorbidities. Exercise and
sport sciences reviews. 2000 Oct 1;28(4):165-70.
24. • Anne McTiernan at Hutchinson Cancer centre found
that majority of women in their study improved diet
and exercise at same time – shed 11% of their weight.
• 45 min of moderate to vigorous aerobic exercise 5
days a week.
• Diet 1200-2000 cal in a day and less than 30% of
daily cal.
• In a meta-analytical study, researchers found that
participants that began exercise before dieting gained or
lost less than 2.9% of their muscle mass. This study
concluded that intervention including combined diet and
exercise program simultaneously produces long-term
weight loss than an intervention that included only one at a
time. A combination of diet and exercise is required for
long-term weight loss programs.
25. Conclusion
Caloric deficit is created by diet
Exercise helps to maintain the lean body mass
Starting nutritional changes first people tend to
get engrossed in the diet part which takes
motivational energy away from the rest of the
program . So it is recommended to start exercise
and diet together or with a gap of a week or two
where exercise is followed by diet.
26. Suggest 60 minutes of moderate-vigorous
activity on most days of the week to
prevent weight gain in adulthood
To sustain weight loss in adulthood: at
least 60-90 minutes of daily moderate-
intensity physical activity
Achieve physical fitness by including
cardiovascular conditioning, stretching
exercises for flexibility, and resistance
exercises for muscle strength and
endurance.
http://www.health.gov/dietaryguidelines/dg
a2005/recommendations.htm
U.S. Dietary Guidelines
2005
27. RECOMMENDATIONS
• Keeping Weight Control in Perspective
• Each person is different.
• Weight loss is not simple.
• Depression, stress, culture, and available foods
can affect a person’s ability to lose weight.
• Set realistic goals.
• Work out a maintainable lifestyle change
28. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR
DIET
• Improving Your Eating Habits
• Evaluate what triggers your eating.
• Seek assistance from the MyPyramid plan.
• Set goals.
• Keep a detailed daily log of eating triggers.
• Reward yourself when you lose pounds.
• Avoid weight loss programs that promise quick,
“miracle” results.
29. UNDERSTANDING
• Understanding Calories
• Unit of measure of energy obtained from food
• 1 pound of fat = 3,500 calories
• Including Exercise
• Basal metabolic rate (BMR)
• Resting metabolic rate (RMR)
• Exercising metabolic rate (EMR)
• The number of calories spent depends on:
• The amount of muscle mass moved
• The amount of weight moved
30. REFERENCE
• Home [Internet]. Tonia Buxton. [cited 2017May25]. Available from:
http://www.toniabuxton.co.uk/.
• National Center of Health Stastistics (US), & National Center for Health Services
Research (2004). Health, United States with Adolescent Health Chartbook.
National Center for Health Statistics (2015)
• National Institutes of Health, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute. Clinical
guidelines on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight and
obesity: The evidence report. 1998;6 (Suppl 2): 51S–209S.
• NHLBI Obesity Education Initiative, National Heart, Lung, Blood Institute, North
American Association for the Study of Obesity, Expert Panel on the
Identification, Treatment of Overweight, Obesity in Adults (US). The practical
guide: identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight and obesity in
adults. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; 2002. 6: 51S-209S.
• Paez CJ, Kravitz L. Exercise vs. diet in weight loss. IDEA Personal Trainer.
2002;13(3):15-7.
31. • Ross R, Dagnone D, Jones PJ, Smith H, Paddags A, Hudson R,
Janssen I. Reduction in obesity and related comorbid conditions
after diet-induced weight loss or exercise-induced weight loss in
menA randomized, controlled trial. Annals of internal medicine. 2000
Jul 18;133(2):92-103.
• Ross R, Freeman JA, Janssen I. Exercise alone is an effective
strategy for reducing obesity and related comorbidities. Exercise and
sport sciences reviews. 2000 Oct 1;28(4):165-70.
• World Health Organization. Obesity: Prevention and Managing the
Global Epidemic. Technical Report Series 894.WHO: Geneva;2000.
• World Health Organization. Global strategy on diet, physical activity
and health: a framework to monitor and evaluate implementation.
