shubham parmar

1. Green House Effect
&
Global Warming
Dr. A. K. Upadhyay
Scientist
Department of Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry
College of Agriculture, JNKVV, Jabalpur (M.P.)

2. What is the Green House Effect?
• Rise in Earth’s temperature
• By certain atmospheric gases
• That trap the Sun’s energy

3. How do Green Houses Work?
• Greenhouses
work by trapping
heat from the sun.
• The glass panels
of the greenhouse
let in light but
keep heat from
escaping.

4. Green House Effect
• The greenhouse effect is a
term that describes how
natural gases in the earth's
atmosphere reduce the
amount of heat escaping
from the earth into the
atmosphere.
• The more of these gases
there are, the more the
Earth heats up.
The greenhouse effect is the rise in temperature that the earth
experiences because certain gases in the atmosphere (water vapor, carbon
dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane and CFC) trap energy from the sun.
The greenhouse effect is a natural process that warms the Earth’s
surface. When the Sun’s energy reaches the Earth’s atmosphere, some of it is
reflected back to space and the rest is absorbed and re-radiated by greenhouse
gases. The absorbed energy warms the atmosphere and the surface of the
Earth.

5. Green House Effect
Step 1: Solar radiation reaches the Earth's atmosphere - some of this
is reflected back into space.
Step 2: The rest of the sun's energy is absorbed by the land and the
oceans, heating the Earth.
Step 3: Heat radiates from Earth towards space.
Step 4: Some of this heat is trapped by greenhouse gases in the
atmosphere, keeping the Earth warm enough to sustain life.
Step 5: Human activities such as burning fossil fuels, agriculture and
land clearing are increasing the amount of greenhouse gases
released into the atmosphere.
Step 6: This is trapping extra heat, and causing the Earth's
temperature to rise.

6. Green House Effect

7. Process of Green House Effect

8. How does Greenhouse Effect occur?

9. Process of Green House Effect
➢ Sun’s energy passes
through atmosphere.
➢ 26 % is reflected or
scattered.
➢ 19 % absorbed by
clouds, gases, and
particles.
➢ 4% reflected to space
by surface.
➢ 51% reaches the
surface.

10. Possible Causes of the Green House Effect
• Green house gases
increase through
human activity.
• Deforestation and
agriculture
• Burning of fossil fuels,
gasoline, oil
• Burning of wood and
coal
• Burning of organic
matter
• Population growth

11. What is the Energy Used For?
• Heating of the
ground
• Melting of ice and
snow
• Evaporation of water
• Plant photosynthesis

12. Why it is Dangerous?
• Global Warming
• Endangered Species
• Climate Change

13. What is Global Warming?
• Heat trapped inside
Earth
• General warming effect
created
• Increase in air and
ocean temperatures
• Vital issue in society

14. Global Warming
Global warming is the ongoing rise of the
average temperature of the Earth's climate
system and has been demonstrated by direct
temperature measurements and by
measurements of various effects of the
warming.
An increase in the earth's average
atmospheric temperature that causes
corresponding changes in climate and that
may result from the greenhouse effect.

15. Global Warming
• The average global temperature has increased
by almost 1º F over the past century.
• Scientists expect the average global
temperature to increase an additional 2º to 6º F
over the next hundred years. Even a small
increase in temperature over a long time can
change the climate.

16. What Might Happen?
• This warming trend is expected to bring
droughts and flooding of low lying coastal areas
as the polar ice caps melt and raise sea level.
• The expected negative impact of the greenhouse
effect on human life has been assessed by some
scientists to be second only to global nuclear
war.

17. Effects of Global Warming
• Climate changes
• Changes in wildlife
adaptations and
cycles
• Melting of polar ice
caps
• Increase in sea level
• Flooding in coastal
areas
• Ocean Acidification

18. Effects of Global Warming
• Species becoming
endangered/extinct
• Heavy drought
• Spread of disease
• Rise in tides
• Change in weather
patterns

19. Effects of Global Warming
❖ Increase in precipitation. It is also expected that global warming
will create a more active hydrologic cycle, increasing cloudiness as
well as precipitation.
❖ Global sea level has risen by about 0.15 m during the 20th century,
with most of the rise occurring since 1930. Some scientists believe
that, because of global warming, average sea levels may raise by at
least 0.3 m and as much as 1.4 m by the year 2030.
❖ Temperature rises with increase by 1.5 to 4.5°C.
❖ The polar icecaps would melt. A rise of five degrees would raise the
sea level by five meters within a few decades increase the
evaporation of water, thus reducing grain yield.
❖ Potential impacts of global warming on ecosystems mainly include
the effects on agriculture and forest growth. Plant growth and
development will be influenced by an increase in carbon dioxide
levels, which stimulates photosynthesis and decreases water
losses from transpiration.
❖ Higher temperatures and humidity may increase the chances of
disease in humans and animals in some parts of the world.

20. Effects of Global Warming
Climate Change Effects
❖ Sea level rise
❖ Agriculture
• The agricultural sector represents 16% of India’s Gross National
Product (GNP) and as such plays a crucial role in the country’s
development.
• Climate change can affect crop yields (both positively and
negatively), as well as the types of crops that can be grown in certain
areas, by impacting agricultural inputs such as water for irrigation,
amounts of solar radiation that affect plant growth, as well as the
prevalence of pests.
❖ Human health
• The poor, as well as the elderly, children and the disabled are likely to
be most vulnerable to climate changes, as they already face limited
access to health facilities.
• Among vector-borne diseases in India, malaria is of considerable
concern. Periodic epidemics of malaria occur every five to seven
years.
• World Bank estimates that about 577,000 DALYs (disability-adjusted
life years) were lost due to malaria in India in 1998.

21. Effects of Global Warming
Health concerns and vulnerabilities due to climate changes
➢Temperature related morbidity
• Heat and cold related illness
• Cardio vascular illnesses
➢ Vector borne diseases
• Changed patterns of diseases by region and by climate
parameter.
• Malaria, Filaria, Kala-azar, Japanese Encephalitis, and Dengue
caused by bacteria, viruses and other pathogens carried by
mosquitoes, ticks, and other vectors.
➢ Health effects of extreme weather
• Diarrhoea, Cholera and intoxication caused by biological and
chemical contaminants in water.
• Damaged public health infrastructure due to cyclones / floods
Injuries and illness.
• Social and mental health stress due to disasters and
displacement.
➢ Health effects due to insecurity
• Malnutrition, hunger, particularly in children in food production.

22. Human Health
• Heat stress and
other heat related
health problems
are caused directly
by very warm
temperatures and
high humidity.
Example Heat
exhaustion and
heat stroke.
Effects of Global Warming

23. Ecological Systems
Plants and animals
➢ Climate change may alter the world’s habitats.
All living things are included in and rely on
these places.
➢ Most past climate changes occurred slowly,
allowing plants and animals to adapt to the
new environment or move someplace else.
➢ Plants and animals may not be able to react
quickly enough to survive if future climate
changes occur as rapidly as scientists
predict.

24. Climatic Change
• Global warming will lead to an increase in the
evaporation of water → more water vapour.
• With more water vapour, more rain fall is expected.
• But it is not evenly distributed:
➢ Dry areas → severe drought condition, water
shortage and heat waves occurs.
➢ Wet areas → floods and avalanches (landslides).

25. Climatic Change
• Other problems may arise:
➢ Destroy food crop → rice, wheat and corn
➢ Affect animals → need to migrate
➢ Encourage growth of weed and pests → may
lead to diseases like dengue fever, cholera
which are deadly.

26. How to Reduce the Greenhouse Effect
• Carbon Reduction
• Afforestation and land
restoration
• Personal Actions
• Climate Policy

27. How to Reduce the Greenhouse Effect
By the Government:
• Stabilization of the
population growth.
• Reduction of air pollution
from industries
(international agreements).
• Reduction of desertification
and protection of the
rainforest against the
clearance (national
programs).
• Finding alternative fuel.

28. How to Reduce the Greenhouse Effect
By People
• Reduce the use of
fossil fuel.
• Stop the clearance
of the forest.
• Follow the
recommendations
to reduce the
emission of Green
house gases.

29. How to reduce the Greenhouse Effect
By Us
• Be well inform about the consequences of
Green house Effect.
• Change your lifestyle habits to help save
the environment.
• Plant trees / conduct massive
Afforestration.
• Eliminate the use of CFCs.

30. Ways you can help make our planet better
• Bike, Bus and Walk:
You can saves
energy by
sometimes taking
the bus, riding a
bike or walking or
try carpooling.
• Creating mass
awareness.

31. Ways you can help make our planet better
• Recycle: When you
recycle, you send less
trash to the landfill
and you help save
natural resources like
trees and elements
such as aluminum.
Recycle cans, bottles,
plastic bags and
newspapers.

32. Ways you can help make our planet better
When You Buy, Buy
Cool Stuff
➢Buy products that
don’t use as much
energy.
➢Buy recyclable
products instead of
non-recyclable ones.
Solar Energy can be used
to heat homes, buildings,
water and to make
electricity.

33. International Efforts to Reduce
Green House Effect
➢ Kyoto treaty (1997)
→ was started to
reduce emission of
green house gases
by 5% of 1990s
levels by 2012.

34. • The Paris Agreement: is
an agreement within the
framework of the United
Nations Framework
Convention on Climate
Change (UNFCCC)
dealing with greenhouse
gases emissions
mitigation, adaptation
and finance starting in
the year 2020.
International Efforts to Reduce
Green House Effect

35. Future Outlook of Global Warming
• Natural resources depleted
• Need balance between environment and
industry
• Green house gas emissions reduced by 80%

36. Summary / Conclusion
❖ Environmental Crisis will affect us:
➢ Health
• Air pollution → Asthma or other respiratory
problems.
• Water pollution → Poison our food source e.g
fish.
• Destruction of forest → Lost of possible
medical solutions.
➢ Property
• Floods → Property lost
• Pollution → Destroy streets and beaches
• Soil erosion → Desertification, lost of farm
lands.

37. Summary / Conclusion
❖ Environmental Crisis will affect us:
➢ Economic Costs
• Lost in terms of monetary values,
industry and businesses.
• Money need to be spent to restore the
original.
• Public Health Services need to be
provided by the government.

38. Some Air Pollutant Accidents
❖ London Smog Incidents (1952 & 1957)
❖ TCDD Accident at Seveso, Italy (July 1962)
➢ This accident occurred at Chemical Plant Manufacturing
herbicides.
• A white cloud of poisonous gas consisting of TCDD
(2,3,7,8 tetrachloro-10-dioxin).
• Dioxin (Dibenzo-P-dioxin) contaminate soil, water and
affect water resource and natural biological cycles.
• 800 peoples were affected. 200 peoples including
children suffered from skin disease and some of them
from liver troubles.
• About 1% of the babies born after the accident were
deformed and also premature.

39. Some Air Pollutant Accidents
❖ The Bhopal Disaster (December 3, 1984)
➢ Source: Union Carbide Factory Manufacturer of
Carbaryl (Carbamate Pesticide) using Methyl
isocyanate (MIC).
• About 1000 peoples killed and more than 30000
were injured.
❖ Chernobyl Disaster (April 28, 1986)
➢ Source: Worst nuclear accident at Chernobyl, Ukrain,
formely USSR (Now CIS) at 9.0 PM.