Insitu crop residue management. Crop residue management. Waste management machineries . Crop residue management machineries

1. Submitted to :-
DR.NEELAM
Submitted by :-
Shubham Garg
(2017A109BIV)
Insitu Crop
Residue
Management
& Waste
Management
Machinery

2. • Agriculture waste :-
• Agricultural waste refers to waste produced from
agricultural operations, including waste from
farms(crop residue,dry leaves ,branches ,stubble)
poultry houses, and slaughterhouses.
• In addition to being potentially damaging to the
environment, agricultural waste may expose workers
to harmful biological material (biohazards).
• Storing agricultural waste can multiply the hazards
associated with it since stored waste can release
harmful gases.

3. • Biomass feedstock composition
& property
Sr No. Crops Annual production (MT)
1. Rice straw 106.5
2. Wheat straw 96
3. Maize stover 24
4. Sucane bagasses 341
5. Millet (stalk ) 11
6. Cotton (Stalk ) 18
7. Peigon pea (Stalk) 3

4. 1. Old method: Residue burning
(not used now)
• Burning of rice straw causes nutrients loss in soil and affects
human health by polluting air.
• The burning of agricultural residues leads to significant
emission of chemically and radioactively important gases and
also particulate matter that can cause severe impact on human
health.
• According to Gadi, 2003 one ton of rice straw on burning
releases about 3 kg particulate matter, 60 kg CO, 1460 kg CO2,
199 kg ash and 2 kg SO2. Similarly, nutrient remain in one ton
of wheat straw before burning is 413 kg of carbon, 11 kg of
nitrogen, 1.4 kg P and 14.5kg K.

5. • In India, the total amount of crop residues is 91-141 Mt.
• Residues mulching add carbon about 40% of total dry
biomass.
• Some amount of uptake of N & P and maximum amount of
• K & S are remain in vegetative parts of rice and wheat.
• The mean N, P and K amounts in rice straw as 6.2 kg, 1.1kg
• and 18.9 kg per ton of straw found respectively.
• So mulching of residue is better alternative for crop residue
burning. It can be done via Happy seeder, Mulcher,
• Rotavator ,Zero till machines etc.
2. MULCHING OR
INCORPORTION IN SOIL

6. 3. Composting or
Vermicomposting
• Crop residue can be converted into compost at optimum temp. ,moist and
aeration . The end product of composting is humus nutrient and CO2.
• The weeds, crop residue ,crop stubbles can be used for this purpose.
Composting can be done via pit method or trench method.
• Composting help in recycling of nutrients as well as better use of waste.
Compost formed has 0.7%-1.2% N,0.5-0.7% P2O5 and 04- 1% K2O.
• Composting with help of earthworms is called Vermicomposting.
• Earthworms can consume practically all kind of organic waste.
• Vermicompost is a mixture of worm casting, organic material including
humus ,live earthworm ,their cocoons and other organisms.
• Vermicompost formed has 0.6-1.2% N, 0.13- 0.22% P2O5 and 0.4-0.7%
K2O , CaO 0.4% and MgO 0.15 %.

7. Waste management machineries
• It is a device which is attached behind the combine harvester.
• In an attempt to check the dangerous trend of stubble burning,
the government has decided to make use of Super Straw
Management System while using the combine harvester
machines mandatory for harvesting the paddy (rice) crop.
• These instructions have been issued under section 31 A .
• It cuts the paddy straw into small pieces and spread the same.
With this method, farmers are not required to burn paddy straw
before sowing the next crop.
1.Super Straw Management System
(Super SMS)

9. • Happy Seeder is one of the unique technique which
is used for sowing wheat without any burning of
rice residue.
• This technology is eco friendly with environment
for the health of soil as well as it also saves water
and Sowing of wheat is done on time .
• Happy Seeder is the most successful implement for
sowing wheat in rice residue without burning rice
residue instead of without any burning.
2. Happy Seeder

11. • Paddy straw thrown and stubble left by the
grain combine is collected by straw combine
and delivered to the cylinder concave section.
• Where it is cut into pieces and passed through
the concave.
• A reciprocating cutter bar is used for reaping
the standing stubbles and the portion of the
straw left uncut by the combine harvester.
3. Paddy straw chopper / mulcher

13. • It is tractor drawn PTO implement which chop the
residue in small pieces and spread them.
• It is a cost effective device in crop residue
management.
• It help to remove crop residue remained after the
mechanical harvesting of crops well weeds in field.
• It chop them in small pieces which help in their
incorportion in soil.
4. Shurb master / cutter cum spreader

15. • Rotatory slasher has heavy duty gear box and
rugged frame which is capable of withstanding
higher load conditions like rough & tough wild grass,
anchored straw and bushes,chopp into small pieces.
• It is powerful enough to cope with tall weeds and
small bushes, yet giving a satisfactory fine cut on turf
areas mounted with optional rear tyres. Scalping is
minimal.
5. Rotatory slasher

17. • It is designed to work in all types of soil for
functions such as soil breaking, soil raising and
soil inversion and incorporation of mulch in soil.
• The plough has special wear-resistant steel
bottoms with points for toughest ploughing jobs.
• It can handle the toughest ploughing job with
excellent penetration performance.
6. Hydraulic reversible M.B. plough

19. • It is used mainy in rice wheat cultivation where in
past late harvesting of rice is a problem
• Due to which residue undergo burning but now
Zero till is an alternative which is direct sowing of
wheat after harvesting of rice without any tillage
operation.
• The zero till consists of a seed box, fertilizer box,
seed and furrow openers, seed and fertilizer rate
adjusting lever.
7. Zero till seed cum fertiliser

21. • A Rotavator is a useful piece of machinery which
work as tillage implement as well as help in
chopping crop residue.
• It is versatile pieces of farming equipment
which uses rotating blades to turn soil.
• Rotavator are earth turning equipment which
perform a similar function to cultivators. and tillers.
8. Rotavator

23. REFERENCES:-
• International journal of chemical studies
(insitu crop residue management)
• Guidelines for crop residue management :Ministry
of Agriculture and farmer welfare ,India
(Farm waste management machineries)

24. Thank you