1. GENETIC ENGINEERING
In this lesson you will find out:
•About genes and DNA
•How scientists use DNA
•About the main stages of genetic
engineering of human insulin.

2. THE FIREFLY – a weapon
against cancer
Fireflies are tiny insects
that light up to attract a
mate.
Scientists have taken the
GENE that causes the
light and inserted it into
cancer cells. The cancer
cells then light up. The
light triggers a reaction
that KILLS the cancer.
Healthy cells are
unharmed because they
have no internal light
source.

3. THE GENETIC CODE
• The NUCLEUS of a body contains
CHROMOSOMES.
• These chromosomes are made of
DNA.
• The DNA is a code called the
GENETIC CODE
• Everyone has their own genetic code.

4. GENETIC ENGINEERING
• Scientists have found a way to change
the genetic code
• They call it GENETIC ENGINEERING
To change the genetic code, scientists
:• Choose a section of the code called a
GENE
• Take the chosen gene out of the
organism and put it into another
organism

5. QUESTIONS
1. Describe how the genetic code of an
organism can be changed.
2. Copy and complete the
sentence………………..
Changing the genetic code is called
g……………..
e……………………

6. TRANSGENIC ORGANISMS
• Genetic engineering changes the
GENETIC CODE of an organism.
Scientists can alter the genes of sheep
so that they produce milk that
contains a special protein called AAT.
People who suffer from a lung disease
called EMPHYSEMA need ATT.

7. TRANSGENIC SHEEP
• Identify the gene for the protein AAT in
human DNA
• Remove the gene from human DNA
• Cut open the DNA in a bacterium
• Add the human DNA to the bacterium’s DNA
• Put the bacterium’s DNA into fertilized egg
cell of a sheep
• Place the fertilized egg into a female sheep
so it can develop into a lamb.
When the lamb becomes an adult, it produces
milk called AAT.

8. TRANSGENIC SHEEP
(summary) engineered
A genetically modified organism(GMO) or genetically
organism (GEO) is an organism whose genetic material has been
altered using genetic engineering techniques.
1. An embryo is created using in vitrio fertilization
alginal
(surrogate)
2. DNA gene for drug plus mammary directing
injected into the fertilized alginal
3 . Embryo implanted into adult sheep
4. Transgenic offspring produces drug in milk

9. QUESTIONS
1. What is meant by a ‘transgenic
organism’?
2. Which organism is used to carry the
human gene into the fertilized sheep
egg.
DID YOU KNOW?
Just 2000 transgenic sheep
could provide enough ATT
protein for every hospital

10. QUESTIONS
1. Explain the difference between a
ligase enzyme and a restriction
enzyme.
2. Suggest ONE reason why scientists
need to know the DNA has stuck
before they clone the bacteria.
3. Explain what effect an antibiotic has
on bacteria without any resistance.

11. GENETIC ENGINEERING TO
PRODUCE HUMAN INSULIN
• http://www.abpischools.org.uk/res/coResourc
eImport/modules/genome/fullscreenflashea2
b.cfm?flash=enflash/geneticeng.swf&title=Genetic+engineeri
ng+to+produce+insulin&version=6
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