Disaster Impact

1. Prepared By:
Shyam Krishna Karki
Civil Engineer

2. Disaster
• A disaster is a sudden, calamitous event that seriously
disrupts the functioning of a community or society and
causes human, material, and economic or
environmental losses that exceed the community’s or
society’s ability to cope using its own resources. Though
often caused by nature, disasters can have human
origins.
• A serious disruption of the functioning of a community
or a society at any scale due to hazardous events
interacting with conditions of exposure, vulnerability
and capacity, leading to one or more of the following:
human, material, economic and environmental losses
and impacts. (UNISDR)

3. Source : Google

4. Impact :
A marked effect or influence.
Disaster impact
It is the total effect, including negative effects (e.g., economic losses)
and positive effects (e.g., economic gains), of a hazardous event or a
disaster. The term includes economic, human and environmental
impacts, and may include death, injuries, disease and other negative
effects on human physical, mental and social well-being.

5. Source : Google

6. Impact of Disaster on Social
• Distress
• Change in individual’s role
• Disruption of social fabric
• Isolation
• Change in marital status
• Sexual abuse & domestic violence
• Orphans
• Single parent children
• Family & social disorganization
• Migration
• Life style changes
• Breakdown of traditional social status

7. Change in individual’s role
- To tell/communicate to the citizens what should be done.
- Protect property from looting
- Loss of Job
- Clear roads
- Keep order
- To provide heat, food, shelter, and oxygen
 Source : Google
Impact of Disaster on Social, Economic and Physical
Fabric at Local, National and Global Level

8. Disruption of Social Fabric
 Producing significant changes in the structure, social life, and
even the culture of the communities and societies.
 Complete damaged of ancient Newar town of Sankhu after earth
quake 2015 in Nepal
 Source: Research Paper S. Manandhar
 Source : Google
Impact of Disaster on Social, Economic and Physical
Fabric at Local, National and Global Level

9.  Isolation
 The state of one who is alone
 Isolation of baby in Nepal Earth quake 2015
Impact of Disaster on Social, Economic and Physical
Fabric at Local, National and Global Level

10. Change in marital status
- The 2015 earthquakes devastated the country and left girls
and women in an increasingly vulnerable position
leading to child marriage rate increases.
- Food insecurity (Drought)
- Human trafficking, is also a part of the reason for the rise
in child marriage rates after the 2015 earthquakes.
- Dowry is also common practice in many communities and
is particularly strong in the Terai region, parents
marrying their daughters at a young age to avoid a higher
dowry price.
Impact of Disaster on Social, Economic and Physical
Fabric at Local, National and Global Level

11. Sexual abuse & domestic violence
 Sexual violence often increases in disasters. After a disaster, housing may be
destroyed and people may not have jobs to go to. In these situations, it’s easier for a
person to perpetrate sexual violence. People who tend to have less social power, like
older adults, people with disabilities, or people struggling with poverty, face even
higher risk for violence during a disaster.
Orphans
 - To cause to have no parents
Baby Girl who loss her Parent in Heity Earth quake
Impact of Disaster on Social, Economic and Physical
Fabric at Local, National and Global Level

12. Single parent children
 Uncoupled individual either father or mother
 Single Parent Children after Heity Earth Quake
Migration
 Since the disaster earth quake 2015, internal migration and displacement have
spiked, with hundreds of thousands of people displaced around the country.
International migration has seen with some workers returning, desperate to get
home to find and support displaced loved ones
 Souce:Google
Impact of Disaster on Social, Economic and Physical
Fabric at Local, National and Global Level

13. Family & social disorganization
 Family disorganization can be caused by parental
overburdening, loss of significant others who served as role
models for children and loss of support systems for family
members which was seen after massive earth quake 2015 in
Nepal
Life style changes
 Some example of Japanese life style and awareness changed after the March 11,
2011 great East Japan Earth quake
 - 'Saving and Generating Energy' Required for Homes
 - Energy Awareness
 - Cooking Methods Have Also Changed
 - Rediscovering the Value of Nature and Human Relationships
 - Stopped wasting money
 - More concerned about the world
 - “Desire to Marry" Jumped After Disaster, but Now Trending Lower
Impact of Disaster on Social, Economic and Physical
Fabric at Local, National and Global Level

14. Impact of Disaster on Social, Economic and Physical
Fabric at Local, National and Global Level
Impact of Disaster on Physical Fabric
• Injuries & Death
• Physical Damage
• Physical disability
• Burns
• Epidemic
• Weakness/uneasiness
• Physical illness
• Sanitation
• Reproductive health
• Fatigue, Loss of sleep

15. Impact of Disaster on Social, Economic and Physical
Fabric at Local, National and Global Level
Casualties (deaths and injuries) &
Property damage,
Both vary substantially across hazard agents.
Earthquake impacts in Mexico
Casualties :- According to the EM-DAT database (www. emdat.be/database
25 geophysical, hydrological, or meteorological disasters that produced more than
50,000 deaths between 1900 and 2011.
Of these, 12 were earthquakes (maximum = 242,000), seven were tropical cyclones
(maximum = 300,000), and six were floods (maximum = 3,700,000).
There is significant variation by region, with Asia experiencing 54% of the
earthquakes but 71% of the casualties from these events, 41% of the floods but 98% of
the casualties, and 41% of the storms but 92% of the casualties.

16. Impact of Disaster on Social, Economic and Physical
Fabric at Local, National and Global Level
Damage.
•Losses of structures, animals, and crops also are important measures of
physical impacts,
•EM-DAT database shows that these have been rising exponentially
throughout the world since 1970.
•The rate of increase is even greater in developing countries such as Nepal ,
India and Kenya. Such losses usually result from physical damage or
destruction of property.

17. Impact of Disaster on Social, Economic and Physical
Fabric at Local, National and Global Level
Impact of Disaster on Economic
• Loss of life
• Unemployment
• Loss of livelihood
• Loss of property/Land
• Loss of household articlesLoss of crops
• Loss of Public Infrastructure.

18. The Impact Of Natural Disasters On The
Global Economy
 While most natural disasters
are fairly local in their
impact, the worst can change
the planet. The 1815 eruption
of the Indonesian volcano
Tamora pumped so much
sulfur into the atmosphere
that the world’s temperature
dropped by 2 degrees
Fahrenheit (1 degree Celsius)
for two years afterwards. The
March 2011 earthquake in
Japan even shifted the earth’s
axis, shortening the length of
the day.

19.  The economic impact on the
world can be just as
profound. The 2005 Atlantic
hurricane season saw a record
28 storms, including seven
major hurricanes. Hurricane
Katrina took the headlines as
the most expensive tropical
cyclone in history by both
economic and insured losses,
but the season as a whole
caused aggregate economic
losses of US$209 billion,
equal to the seventh most
costly year on record for
natural disasters.

20.  Beyond the headline costs are
the potential chain reactions of
negative economic impacts to
countries around the globe.
With every region at risk of
natural disasters, and supply
chains and markets increasingly
worldwide, it is becoming ever
more important for businesses
to develop robust disaster plans
to reduce the potential impact.
But to work out disaster plans,
the starting point is to
understand what that impact
could be – and how events far
from your core operations could
hit your business

21. The world’s costliest natural disasters
Rank
Economic Cost
(billions)
Disaster Year Location
1 $221.6 Tohaku Earthquake / Tsunami 2011 Japan
2 $209.2 Atlantic Hurricane Season 2005 U.S., Mexico, Caribbean, Bahamas
3 $160.8 Kobe Earthquake 1995 Japan
4 $92.5 Sichuan Earthquake 2008 China
5 $81.5 Drought 1988 U.S.
6 $73.2 Hurricane Sandy 2012 U.S. Caribbean, Bahamas
7 $71 Northridge Earthquake 1994 U.S.
8 $60.6 Drought 1980 U.S.
9 $51 Irpina Earthquake 1980 Italy
10 $47 Floods 2011 Thailand
The economic losses caused by natural disasters can be immense – as seen by the
costliest on record (in 2015 U.S. dollars, figures courtesy of Aon Benfield):
Source: google

22. It can be hard to measure the indirect economic impact of such
disasters, but the direct impact to businesses and individuals in
the affected areas can be gaged by the value of uninsured versus
insured losses (in 2015 U.S. dollars, figures from Aon Benfield):
Rank
Insured
Loss
(billions)
Uninsure
d Loss
(billions)
Disaster Year Location
1 $36.9 $184.7
Tohaku
Earthquake /
Tsunami
2011 Japan
2 $4.8 $156 Kobe
Earthquake 1995 Japan
3 $104. 9 $104.4
Atlantic
Hurricane
Season
2005
U.S., Mexico,
Caribbean,
Bahamas
4 $0.4 $92.1 Sichuan
Earthquake 2008 China
5 $1.9 $79.6 Drought 1988 U.S.
6 $0.7 $59.9 Drought 1980 U.S.
7 $0.6 $50.4 Irpina
Earthquake 1980 Italy
8 $24.7 $46.4 Northridge
Earthquake 1994 U.S.
9 $30.8 $42.2 Hurricane Sandy2012
U.S.
Caribbean,
Bahamas
10 $16.2 $30.8 Floods 2011 Thailand
Source: Google

23. Economic and Financial Impacts of Natural
Disasters: An Assessment of Their Effects
and Options for Mitigation
 Major natural disasters can and do have severe
negative short-run economic impacts.
Disasters also appear to have adverse longer-
term consequences for economic growth,
development and poverty reduction. But,
negative impacts are not inevitable.
Vulnerability is shifting quickly, especially in
countries experiencing economic
transformation - rapid growth, urbanization
and related technical and social changes.

24.  In the Caribbean and Bangladesh there is evidence of
both declining sensitivity to tropical storms and floods
and increased resilience resulting from both economic
transformation and public actions for disaster
reduction. The largest concentration of high risk
countries, increasingly vulnerable to climatic hazards,
is in Sub-Saharan Africa. Risks emanating from
geophysical hazards need to be better recognized in
highly exposed urban areas across the world because
their potential costs are rising exponentially with
economic development.
 Natural disasters cause significant budgetary
pressures, with both narrowly fiscal short-term
impacts and wider long-term development
implications. Reallocation is the primary fiscal
response to disaster. Disasters have little impact on
trends in total aid flows.

25. The economic impact of Nepal's earthquake
 Nepal is home to the world's highest mountain and is wedged between two
growing economic superpowers, but it is one of the poorest countries in the
world.
 Now it is struggling to cope with the worst earthquake to hit the Himalayan
nation in 80 years. The magnitude 7.9 earthquake struck some 80km
northwest of the capital Kathmandu and has affected eight million people, just
under one-third of the population with upwards of 5,000 people killed.
 The economic losses could be as much as $10bn, according to an estimate from
US Geological Survey. The cost of rebuilding is $5bn, according to IHS. All this
in a country with economic growth that was already expected to slow, with an
unemployment rate of more than 40 percent, and a reliance on agriculture,
tourism and remittances to support its $19bn economy.
 The international support has rolled in led by Nepal's closest
neighbors. India dispatched 16 military and civilian aircraft, eight
helicopters and 1,000 members of its National Disaster Response.
Nepal's northern neighbor China has a 62 member search and
rescue team on the ground and has pledged more than $10m to the
effort. The Asian Development Bank has given $3m for
humanitarian efforts and pledged another $200m for reconstruction
work.

26. Source:google
Fig. Loss of public infrastructure
Bimal Giri,Civil Engineer,CEM 1ST Sem,LIAST.

27. Loss of life
Source google

28. Fig. Unemployment
Fig.Loss of land

29. Fig.-Loss of property,land