1. Defense Mechanisms

3.  Id: a selfish, primitive, childish, pleasure-
oriented part of the personality with no
ability to delay gratification. "The Child".
 Superego: internalized societal and
parental standards of "good" and
"bad", "right" and "wrong" behavior. "The
Parent".

4.  Ego: the moderator between the id and
superego which seeks compromises to
pacify both. It can be viewed as our "Sense
of Self." "The Adult".

5. 1.Primary and secondary processes.
Ego: 1st & 2nd
2. The reality principle.
ID: requirements of external world
3.Formation of the superego.
Conscience: stores information about what is
"bad" and what has been punished.
Ego ideal: stores information about what is
"good" and what one "should" do or be.

6. I. Neurotic anxiety: is the unconscious worry that
we will lose control of the id's urges, resulting in
punishment for inappropriate behavior.
II. Reality anxiety: is fear of real-world events. The
cause of this anxiety is usually easily identified.
The most common way of reducing this anxiety
is to avoid the threatening object.
III. Moral anxiety involves a fear of violating our own
moral principles.

7. a. Denial: is the refusal to accept reality or fact, acting
as if a painful event, thought or feeling did not exist;
early childhood development.
b. Distortion: gross reshaping of external reality to
meet internal needs.
c. Delusional Projection: grossly frank delusions about
external reality, usually of a persecutory nature.
d. Fantasy: tendency to retreat into fantasy in order to
resolve inner and outer conflicts.
e. Projection: is the misattribution of a person’s
undesired thoughts, feelings or impulses onto
another person who does not have those
thoughts, feelings or impulses.

8. f. Acting out: is performing an extreme behavior in
order to express thoughts or feelings the person
feels incapable of otherwise expressing.
g. Idealization: unconsciously choosing to perceive
another individual as having more positive
qualities than he or she may actually have.
h. Somatization: transformation of negative
feelings towards others into negative feelings
toward self, pain, illness, and anxiety.

9. a. Displacement: separation of emotion from its real
object and redirection of the intense emotion
toward someone or something that is less offensive
or threatening in order to avoid dealing directly with
what is frightening or threatening.
b. Dissociation: temporary drastic modification of
one's personal identity or character to avoid
emotional distress; separation or postponement of
a feeling that normally would accompany a situation
or thought.

10. c. Isolation: Separation of feelings from ideas
and events
d. Intellectualization:concentrating on the
intellectual components of a situation so as to
distance oneself from the associated anxiety-
provoking emotions; separation of emotion
from ideas.
e. Reaction Formation: behavior that is
completely the opposite of what one really
wants or feels; taking the opposite belief
because the true belief causes anxiety.

11. f. Repression: Process of pulling thoughts into the
unconscious and preventing painful or
dangerous thoughts from entering
consciousness; the emotion is conscious, but the
idea behind it is absent.
g. Regression: Temporary reversion of the ego to an
earlier stage of development rather than
handling unacceptable impulses in a more adult
way.
h. Rationalization: convinces oneself that no wrong
was done and that all is or was all right through
faulty and false reasoning.

12. a. Altruism: Constructive service to others that
brings pleasure and personal satisfaction
b. Anticipation: Realistic planning for future
discomfort
c. Humor: Overt expression of ideas and feelings
(especially those that are unpleasant to focus on
or too terrible to talk about) that gives pleasure
to others. Humor, which explores the absurdity
inherent in any event, enables someone to "call
a spade a spade.

13. d. Identification: The unconscious modeling of one's
self upon another person's character and behavior.
e. Sublimation: Transformation of negative emotions or
instincts into positive actions, behavior, or emotion.
f. Suppression: The conscious process of pushing
thoughts into the preconscious; the conscious
decision to delay paying attention to an emotion or
need in order to cope with the present reality.
g. Assertiveness: the emphasis of a person’s needs or
thoughts in a manner that is respectful, direct and
firm.

14. Good luck