Personal Development Lesson 6: The Power of Mind

1. LESSON 6: THE POWER
OF MIND

2. COGNITION

3. COGNITION
Cognition or thinking is a mental activity that occurs
in the brain when information is being organized,
stored, communicated or processed.
The short-term memory encodes information in the
form of sound and visual images. Mental images are
then formed. These mental images represent objects
or events and have a picture-like quality.
Concepts, on the other hand, are ideas that represent
a class or category of events, objects, or activities.

4. COGNITION
Example: Prototypes
•It closely matches the defining
characteristics of a particular concept.
For instance. “that fruit is sweet, grows on
trees, has seeds and is usually round, what
fruit you think of?”

5. COGNITION
Answer : It may be an apple, but for others it may be
a coconut.

6. COGNITION
A prototype of a concept actually
depends on the experiences and
exposures of a person.

7. PROBLEM SOLVING

8. PROBLEM SOLVING
It consists of thinking and behaving in certain ways
to reach a goal.
One of the barriers of solving a problem is
functional fixedness. It is the tendency to perceive
object as having only the use for which they were
originally intended for and, therefore, failing to see
them as possible tools for solving other problems.
While divergent thinking involve coming up with as
many different answers as possible.

9. FORMS OF PROBLEM SOLVING
 Algorithm – one follows step-by-step procedures
for solving certain types of problems
 Heuristic or “rule of thumb” – narrows down the
possible solutions for a problem
 Mechanical solutions – include trial-and-error
learning and role solutions
 Insight – the sudden perception of a solution

10.  According to Howard Gardner, the
proponent of Multiple Intelligence, everybody
is intelligent in his/her own way.
 He viewed intelligence as the capacity to
solve problems or to fashion products that are
valued in one or more cultural setting
(Gardner & Hatch,1989)

11. THE NINE TYPES OF INTELLIGENCES
By Howard Gardner

12. 1. NATURALIST INTELLIGENCE (“NATURE SMART”)
 Designates the human ability to discriminate among
living (plants, animals) as well as sensitivity to other
features of the natural world (clouds, rock,
configurations). This ability was clearly of value in our
evolutionary past as hunters, gatherers, and farmers; it
continues to be central in such roles as botanist or
chef. It is also speculated that much of our consumer
society exploits the naturalist intelligences, which can
be mobilized in the discrimination among cars,
sneakers, kind of makeup, and the like.

13. 2. MUSICAL INTELLIGENCE (“MUSICAL SMART”)
 Musical intelligence is the capacity to discern pitch,
rhyme, timbre, and tone. This intelligence enables us to
recognize, create, reproduce, and reflect on music, as
demonstrated by composers, conductors, musicians,
vocalists, and sensitive listeners. Interestingly, there is
often an affective connection between the music and the
emotions; and mathematical and musical intelligences
may share common thinking processes. Young adults with
this kind of intelligence are usually singing or drumming to
themselves. They are usually quite aware of sounds others
may miss.

14. 3. LOGICAL- MATHEMATICAL INTELLIGENCE
(NUMBER/REASONING SMART)
 Logical-mathematical intelligence is the ability to calculate,
quantify, consider propositions and hypothesis, and carry out
complete mathematical operations. It enables us to perceive
relationships and connections and to use abstract, symbolic
thought; sequential reasoning skills; and inductive and
deductive thinking patterns. Logical intelligence is usually
well developed in mathematicians, scientists, and detectives.
Young adults with lots of logical intelligence are interested in
patterns, categories, and relationships. They are drawn to
arithmetic problems, strategy games and experiments.

15. 4. EXISTENTIAL INTELLIGENCE
Sensitivity and capacity to tackle deep
questions about human existence, such
as the meaning of life, why do we die,
and how did we get here.

16. 5. INTERPERSONAL INTELLIGENCE (“PEOPLE
SMART”)
 Interpersonal intelligence is the ability to understand and
interact effectively with others. It involves effective
verbal and nonverbal communication, the ability to note
distinctions among others, sensitivity to the moods and
temperaments of others, and the ability to entertain
multiple perspectives. Teachers, social workers, actors,
and politicians all exhibit interpersonal intelligence.
Young adults with this kind of intelligence are leaders
among their peers, are good at communicating, and seem
to understand others’ feelings and motives.

17. 6. BODILY-KINESTHETIC INTELLIGENCE
(“BODY SMART”)
 Bodily kinesthetic intelligence is the capacity
to manipulate objects and use a variety of
physical skills. This intelligence also involves a
sense of timing and the perfection of skills
through mind-body union. Athletes, dancers,
surgeons, and craftspeople exhibit well-
developed bodily kinesthetic intelligence.

18. 7. LINGUISTIC INTELLIGENCE (“WORD SMART”)
 Linguistic intelligence is the ability to think in words and
to use language to express and appreciate complex
meanings. Linguistic intelligence allows us to understand
the order and meaning of words and to apply meta-
linguistic skills to reflect on our use of language.
Linguistic intelligence is the most widely shared human
competence and is evident in poets, novelists,
journalist, and effective public speakers. Young adults
with this kind of intelligence enjoy writing, reading,
telling stories or doing crossword puzzles.

19. 8. INTRA-PERSONAL INTELLIGENCE (“SELF SMART”)
 Intra-personal intelligence is the capacity to
understand oneself and one’s thoughts and feelings,
and to use such knowledge in planning and
directioning one’s life. Intra-personal intelligence
involves not only an appreciation of the self, but
also of the human condition. It is evident in
psychologist, spiritual leaders, and philosophers.
These young adults may be shy. They are very aware
of their own feelings and self-motivated.

20. 9. SPATIAL INTELLIGENCE (“PICTURE SMART”)
 Spatial intelligence is the ability to think in three
dimensions. Core capacities include mental imagery,
spatial reasoning, image manipulation, graphic and
artistic skills, and an active imagination. Sailors,
pilots, sculptor, painters, and architects all exhibit
spatial intelligence. Young adults with this kind of
intelligence may be fascinated with mazes or jigsaw
puzzles, or spend free time drawing or
daydreaming.

21. Herrmann labeled the four quadrants of brain as

22. 1. QUADRANT A
 learners are very much into logical thinking
 the enjoy analyzing information and
understand better when presented with
numbers, quantities
 good at theorizing or concluding based on facts
and information that support their theories
 expects exact information that are straight to
the point

23. 1. QUADRANT A
want to be fed with a lots of theories,
numbers, data logical explanations, and
results of research theories
finds difficult to express their inner
thoughts and emotions, and may struggle
with unclear or undefined concepts or
ideas

24. 2. QUADRANT B
 easily grasps things in sequence,
enjoy organizing ideas and things
 assesses situation and information,
 apply what they learned into
practice

25. 3. QUADRANT C
 very sociable learners who enjoy learning with a
group with whom they share ideas and projects
 very focused and involved when trying to learn
something
 tend to reflect how what they have understood
and acquired in terms of knowledge, and most of
the time use their bodies and movement while
learning
 they get bored with data and intellectual
discussions without activities and participation

26. 4. QUADRANT D
 they are curious ones who enjoy discovering,
experimenting, and exploring activities
 they are strong thinkers when it comes to
conceptualizing and putting all the seemingly
unrelated parts and connecting these parts
together, synthesizing and in creating new ideas and
concepts
 enjoys games and surprises, is visual leader, and
needs different varieties of approaches to learning.

27. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

28. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
The study of cognitive phenomena in
machines
A discipline of cognitive science which
examines how the human mind works in
different cultural, social, and physical
settings

29. LEFT BRAIN HEMISPHERE FUNCTIONS:
 Constantly monitors our sequential, ongoing behavior
 Responsible for awareness of time, sequence, details,
and order
 Responsible for auditory, reception and verbal
expressive strengths
 Specializes in words, logic, analytical, thinking,
reading, and writing
 Responsible for boundaries and knowing right from
wrong
 Knows and respects rules and deadlines

30. RIGHT BRAIN HEMISPHERE FUNCTIONS:
 Alerts us to novelty and tell us when someone is
lying or making a joke
 Specializes in understanding the whole picture
 Specializes in music, art, visual-spatial and/or
visual-motor activities
 Help us form mental images when we read
and/or converse
 Responsible for intuitive and emotional responses
 Help us to form and maintain relationships

31. QUIZ

32. I. Instruction: Write TRUE if the underlined word is
correct. If the underlined word is incorrect, write and
replace it in correct answer. (Items 1-5)
Examples:
Artificial Intelligence is the study of cognitive phenomena in
machines
Answer: TRUE
Interpersonal intelligence is the capacity to understand oneself
and one’s thoughts and feelings, and to use such knowledge in
planning and directioning one’s life.
Answer: Intra-personal intelligence

33. 1. Problem solving consists of
thinking and behaving in
certain ways to reach a goal.

34. 2. Cognition or thinking is a
mental activity that occurs in
the brain when information is
being organized, stored,
communicated or processed.

35. 3. Algorithm – include trial-
and-error learning and role
solutions

36. 4. Insight – the
sudden
perception of a
solution

37. 5. According to Wilhelm
Wundt, the proponent
of Multiple Intelligence,
everybody is intelligent
in his/her own way.

38. II. Enumeration. Give
at least 5 types of
intelligences. (6-10)

39. III. Multiple Choice. Choose
the letter of the correct
answer. (Items 11-15)

40. 11. A form of problem solving that is one
follows step-by-step procedures for
solving certain types of problems
A. Mechanical solutions
B. Insight
C. Algorithm
D. Heuristic or “rule of thumb”

41. 12. A type of intelligence that a person has
sensitivity and capacity to tackle deep
questions about human existence, such as the
meaning of life, why do we die, and how did
we get here.
A. Intra-personal Intelligence
B. Interpersonal Intelligence
C. Existential Intelligence
D. Spatial Intelligence

42. 13. A type of intelligence is the capacity to
discern pitch, rhyme, timbre, and tone. This
intelligence enables us to recognize, create,
reproduce, and reflect on music, as
demonstrated by composers, conductors,
musicians, vocalists, and sensitive listeners.
A. Spatial Intelligence
B. Musical Intelligence
C. Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence
D. Linguistic Intelligence

43. 14. A type of intelligence is the ability to calculate,
quantify, consider propositions and hypothesis, and
carry out complete mathematical operations. It
enables us to perceive relationships and connections
and to use abstract, symbolic thought; sequential
reasoning skills; and inductive and deductive thinking
patterns.
A. Linguistic intelligence
B. Logical-mathematical intelligence
C. Naturalist intelligence
D. Interpersonal intelligence

44. 15. What quadrant of the brain is the
thinking processes that are logical,
analytical, fact-based and quantitative?
A. Quadrant A
B. Quadrant B
C. Quadrant C
D. Quadrant D

45. ANSWER KEY

46. Answer Key
1. TRUE
2. TRUE
3. Mechanical solutions
4. TRUE
5. Howard Gardner

47. 6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
 Naturalist intelligence
 Musical intelligence
 Logical-Mathematical intelligence
 Existential intelligence
 Interpersonal intelligence
 Bodily-Kinesthetic intelligence
 Linguistic intelligence
 Intra-personal intelligence
 Spatial intelligence
Answer Key

48. Answer Key
11. C
12. C
13. B
14. B
15. A