Liberty university psyc 101 quiz 14 solutions answers slideshare

Liberty University PSYC 101 quiz 14 solutions answers slideshare
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Chapter 14
Question 1 Major tranquilizer is to _____ as minor tranquilizer is to ______.
Question 2 All but which of the following people are demonstrating an irrational belief, according
to Ellis?
Question 3 In psychoanalysis, _____ describes blocking that occurs when the therapy touches upon
anxietyevoking thoughts or feelings.
Question 4 Dr. Stevenson just began a job treating Hispanic Americans in a rural clinic. An important
cultural consideration for Stevenson to consider is the tendency for Hispanic Americans to
Question 5 Dr. Melfi is a psychodynamic therapist. Therefore, we can predict she believes that
restoring psychological health involves
Question 6 Psychotropic drugs are also known as _______ drugs.
Question 7 Aaron Beck is to ______ therapy as Albert Ellis is to ______ therapy.
Question 8 The first class of antipsychotics were the
Question 9 Pauline goes to a rationalemotive behavior therapist. Pauline should expect that her
therapist will do all but which of the following during the course of therapy?
Question 10 In clientcentered therapy, unconditional positive regard is
Question 11 Gloria has been diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder. She will most likely be
treated with
Question 12 Which of the following does NOT belong?
Question 13 Learning desirable behavior by watching and imitating others is known as ______, and
______ pioneered the use of this technique to help people overcome phobias.
Question 14 Psychosurgery is sometimes used today to treat severe cases of
Question 15 Roger has been convicted of sexually assaulting several young children. In prison he
undergoes aversion therapy. He is presented with pictures of young children while receiving
unpleasant electric shocks. Eventually, pictures of young children become aversive stimuli. In this
procedure, the electric shocks are described as

Question 16 In clientcentered therapy, the therapist demonstrates empathy when s/he
Question 17 Regarding psychotropic drugs, which of the following statements is FALSE?
Question 18 According to Freud, the most important use of interpretation in psychoanalysis is
Question 19 Generalizing from research evidence, some forms of psychodynamic therapy are
predicted to produce good results in treating which of the following?
Question 20 Regarding the use of psychotropic drugs, which of the following statements is FALSE?
Question 1 Therapies that are judged to have demonstrated effectiveness in scientifically based
studies are called
Question 2 According to Ellis, negative emotions are
Question 3 Major tranquilizer is to _____ as minor tranquilizer is to ______.
Question 4 Regarding the use of psychotropic drugs, which of the following statements is FALSE?
Question 5 In psychoanalysis, transference is when
Question 6 Regarding clientcentered therapy, which of the following DOES NOT belong?
Question 7 Callie is participating in a behavior therapy method in which her therapist first teaches
her relaxation techniques. Based on this description, what is most likely to be Callie’s therapy of
choice?
Question 8 Electroconvulsive shock therapy is effective in treating
Question 9 In behavioral therapy, another term for gradual exposure is
Question 10 Which of the following describes the primary purpose of the modern mental hospital?
Question 11 Computer technology has been used for a new form of exposure therapy called
Question 12 Associating objects that elicit an undesirable response with unpleasant or negative
stimuli describes the key principle of
Question 14 Pauline goes to a rationalemotive behavior therapist. Pauline should expect that her
therapist will do all but which of the following during the course of therapy?
Question 15 Dr. Thornton specializes in psychotherapy with a particular ethnic group. Compared to
people from other ethnic groups, Thornton’s clients are more likely to keep their feelings to

themselves. Thornton understands that this should not lead him to interpret his clients as being
uncooperative or avoidant. In addition, Thornton recognizes that people with this cultural
background are more likely to emphasize collective values than individualism. Dr. Thornton is most
likely to be working with which ethnic group?
Question 17 Puge has just graduated from college as a clinical social worker. Which degree has
Puge earned?
Question 18 The development of which class of drugs revolutionized the treatment of schizophrenia?
Question 19 Which of the following is NOT a key idea from clientcentered therapy?
Question 20 Common side effects of antidepressants are
Question 1 All but which of the following people are demonstrating an irrational belief, according
to Ellis?
Question 2 The idea that irrational beliefs lead to emotional distress is at the core of which approach
to therapy?
Question 3 The first form of psychodynamic therapy to be developed was
Question 4 Which of the following is NOT a key idea from psychodynamic therapies?
Question 5 In psychoanalysis, Hannah seems to hesitate when talking about her relationship with
her father. Hannah’s hesitation may describe
Question 6 Regarding prefrontal lobotomy, which of the following statements is FALSE?
Question 7 Regarding cognitive therapies, which of the following statements is FALSE?
Question 9 Psychosurgery is sometimes used today to treat severe cases of
Question 10 During which decade did the community health system begin to take shape in the
United States?
Question 11 Gail suffers from bipolar disorder. Which drug is Gail’s doctor likely to prescribe to help
stabilize her mood swings?
Question 12 Dr. Gomez is a Gestalt therapist. What would you expect to be the emphasis of his
therapy sessions with clients?

Question 13 Cognitive therapists such as Aaron Beck refer to errors in thinking as
treated with
Question 15 Critics of deinstitutionalization complain that contemporary public mental hospitals are
like
Question 16 Behavior therapy focuses on
Question 17 Which of the following DOES NOT belong?
Question 18 Most of the antipsychotic drugs target which neurotransmitter?
Question 20 Dr. Melfi is a psychodynamic therapist. Therefore, we can predict she believes that
restoring psychological health involves
Question 2 Minor tranquilizer drugs are also called
Question 3 Which type of therapy focuses on helping families focus on changing disruptive patterns
of communication and improving the ways in which members relate to each other?
Question 4 The development of which class of drugs revolutionized the treatment of schizophrenia?
Question 5 Jewel takes an antianxiety drug for the treatment of her panic disorder. She experiences
a common side effect from her treatment. Which side effect is Jewel most likely to experience?
Question 6 Tricyclic antidepressants raise brain levels of neurotransmitters by
Question 7 Regarding cognitive therapies, which of the following statements is FALSE?
Question 8 In psychoanalysis, transference is when
Question 9 ______ is an empirically supported treatment for enuresis (bedwetting).
Question 10 Marjorie receives treatment for depression. In her treatment, Marjorie receives jolts of
electricity through her head. What is Marjorie’s treatment?
Question 11 Gestalt therapy frequently uses which of the following techniques?
Question 12 According to Carl Rogers, what are three important components of therapy?

choice?
Question 14 Which of the following correctly describes the effects of deinstitutionalization?
Question 15 Regarding the use of antidepressants, which of the following statements is FALSE?
Question 16 Which type of drug typically acts on the neurotransmitter GABA?
Question 17 Taylor takes Ritalin to treat his ADHD. The drug’s effectiveness may be based on its
ability to increase the activity of _____ in Taylor’s cerebral cortex.
Question 18 Dr. Lau is a couple therapist. What is the most typical problem she is likely to target in
treatment?
Question 19 Common side effects of antidepressants are
Question 2 Which of the following is NOT a key idea from psychodynamic therapies?
Question 3 Most of the antipsychotic drugs target which neurotransmitter?
Question 4 Hugo has major depression. He might be treated with any of the following EXCEPT
Question 5 During her clinical internship, psychology graduate student Veronica Wiza will conduct
therapy sessions with African American clients. An important consideration for Wiza to consider
when treating African Americans is their
Question 6 In behavioral therapy, another term for gradual exposure is
Question 7 Which type of therapy focuses on helping families focus on changing disruptive patterns
of communication and improving the ways in which members relate to each other?
Question 8 Behavior therapy focuses on
Question 9 Lakeisha has a snake phobia and decides to see a behavioral therapist. Her therapist
suggests systematic desensitization. What is the second step Lakeisha will take in her therapy?
Question 10 Phenothiazines would be used to treat which of the following people?
Question 11 Regarding the use of antidepressants, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Question 12 The first form of psychodynamic therapy to be developed was
Question 13 Which type of antidepressant has the lowest rate of severe side effects?
Question 15 Brooke goes to a Gestalt therapist. In her therapy, Brooke will probably be encouraged
to
choice?
Question 18 In a study reported in the text, which orientation was most often reported by a group
of clinical and counseling psychologists?
Question 19 There are ______ major types of antidepressants, and they are called _______.
Question 20 In Freudian terms, the goal of psychoanalysis is to shine the light of the _____ on the
unconscious recesses of the ______.
Question 1 All but which of the following are reasons given in the text as to why racial and ethnic
minorities have less access to mental health care than the majority group?
Question 2 Victor Van Dusen takes an antidepressant to cope with his depressive disorder. On which
neurotransmitters is his antidepressant likely to work?
treated with
Question 4 Minor tranquilizer drugs are also called
choice?
Question 6 Which drug can produce mild impairments in memory and must be closely monitored
because of its potentially toxic effects?
Question 7 Electroconvulsive shock therapy is effective in treating
Question 8 Dr. Lau is a couple therapist. What is the most typical problem she is likely to target in

treatment?
Question 9 Metaanalyses of the effectiveness of psychotherapy suggest
Question 10 Caleb Burke is a hyperactive child with a poor attention span and disruptive behaviors.
Caleb is likely to be treated with which type of drug?
Question 11 In a study reported in the text, which orientation was most often reported by a group
of clinical and counseling psychologists?
Question 12 In psychoanalysis, Hannah seems to hesitate when talking about her relationship with
her father. Hannah’s hesitation may describe
Question 13 Which of the following is NOT a feature of systematic desensitization?
Question 14 After Raymond described his dream to his therapist, efforts were made to figure out
what the dream meant, or its
Question 16 Tricyclic antidepressants raise brain levels of neurotransmitters by
Question 17 All but which of the following are advantages of group therapy over individual therapy?
Question 18 Which of the following does NOT belong?
Question 19 Regarding electroconvulsive therapy, which of the following statements is FALSE?
Question 20 Regarding clientcentered therapy, which of the following DOES NOT belong?
Question 1 After Raymond described his dream to his therapist, efforts were made to figure out
what the dream meant, or its
Question 2 All but which of the following describes the practice of psychotherapy?
Question 4 Puge has just graduated from college as a clinical social worker. Which degree has Puge
earned?
Question 6 Roger has been convicted of sexually assaulting several young children. In prison he
undergoes aversion therapy. He is presented with pictures of young children while receiving

unpleasant electric shocks. Eventually, pictures of young children become aversive stimuli. In this
procedure, the electric shocks are described as
Question 7 Regarding the effectiveness of psychotherapy, which of the following statements is FALSE?
Question 8 Computer technology has been used for a new form of exposure therapy called
Question 9 Compared to traditional psychoanalysis, modern psychoanalysis includes all of the
following EXCEPT
Question 10 Gestalt therapy frequently uses which of the following techniques?
Question 11 Of the following patients receiving treatment for depression, who is most likely to be
a candidate for electroconvulsive therapy?
Question 12 Caleb Burke is a hyperactive child with a poor attention span and disruptive behaviors.
Caleb is likely to be treated with which type of drug?
Question 13 A general term for any psychologically based form of treatment to help people better
understand their problems is
Question 14 Phenothiazines would be used to treat which of the following people?
Question 15 Brooke goes to a Gestalt therapist. In her therapy, Brooke will probably be encouraged
to
Question 16 Which of the following best describes the hope of the communitybased care movement?
Question 17 Learning desirable behavior by watching and imitating others is known as ______, and
______ pioneered the use of this technique to help people overcome phobias.
Question 18 Generalizing from research evidence, some forms of psychodynamic therapy are
predicted to produce good results in treating which of the following?
Question 19 Regarding psychotropic drugs, which of the following statements is FALSE?
1. Pussin and Pinel were instrumental in the movement toward which form of therapy?
a) Genetic
b) Behavioral
c) Moral
d) Restraint
e) Community-based
2. A major shift in the history of mental illness was the rise of moral therapy, which occurred during the
a) Medieval period.
b) mid- and late seventeenth century.

c) late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries.
d) early twentieth century.
e) 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s.
3. As a result of deinstitutionization, the state mental hospitalpopulation in the United States between 1955 and
the late 1980s dropped from 550,000 to around
a) 1,000.
b) 3,000.
c) 13,000.
d) 31,000.
e) 130,000.
4. The first U.S. advocate of moral treatment for the mentally ill was
a) Dix.
b) Pinel.
c) Pussin.
d) Skinner.
e) Rogers.
5. Deinstitutionalization was the result of two major factors: the public outcry over the deplorable conditions in
mental hospitals and
a) the budget woes of state legislatures in a downturn economy.
b) an acute shortage of trained personnelneeded to staff these facilities.
c) the introduction of antipsychotic drugs.
d) the newly organized mental patients'rights movement.
e) a relentless campaign by the American Psychiatric Association.
6. What were the conditions of treatment for the mentally ill during the period after moral therapy fell out of
favor?
a) Patients were warehoused in state hospitals,where they were mostly neglected and kept in deplorable
conditions.
b) Patients were kept in state hospitals,where they were primarily treated with psychoanalysis.
c) Patients were locked in state hospitals,where they were primarily treated with drugs and electroconvulsive
therapy.
d) Patients were moved into community-based health care centers.
e) Patients were deinstitutionalized because of lack of government funding for mental hospitals.
7. During which decade did the community health systembegin to take shape in the United States?
a) 1940s
b) 1950s
c) 1960s
d) 1970s
e) 1980s
8. What was the hope of the community-based care movement?
a) That promising psychotropic drugs could help people deal more effectively with psychologicaldisorders
b) That alternatives to long-term hospitalization could be provided
c) That mental hospitals would reflect the values of their community
d) That the treatment of the mentally ill would be humanized
e) That costs of caring for the mentally ill would be substantially reduced
9. The social policy of redirecting the care of people with severe mental disorders from state mental hospitals
toward community-based treatment settings is known as
a) moral therapy.
b) systematic desensitization.
c) the Dhat Plan.
d) positive psychology.
e) deinstitutionalization.
10. Critics complain that contemporary public mental hospitals are like
a) country clubs, high in cost and providing too many amenities.
b) warehouses,storing patients away without helping them.
c) maximum-security jails, taking inmates in for life sentences.
d) revolving doors,repeatedly admitting patients and rapidly discharging them.
e) "human snakepits," keeping patients in conditions that are deplorable.
11. About what proportion of homeless adults in the United States suffers from a severe psychologicaldisorder?
a) 1 in 3

b) 1 in 5
c) 1 in 10
d) 1 in 20
e) 1 in 40
12. Which of the following correctly describes the effects of deinstitutionalization?
a) Deinstitutionalization has been a resounding success,as almost all mental patients have now been
reintegrated into the community.
b) Deinstitutionalization has been an unequivocalfailure, as mental patients have not been helped at all.
c) Deinstitutionalization has been predominantly a failure due to its overly aggressive outreach programs.
d) Deinstitutionalization has been a mix of success and failure as many people have been helped but far too
many have not.
e) Deinstitutionalization has been predominantly successfulsince the vast majority of mental patients are now
receiving help in their community.
13. Summarize the history of treatment of the mentally ill.
14. A general term for any psychologically based form of treatment to help people betterunderstand and/or
resolve their problems is
a) psychoanalysis.
b) behavior modification.
c) psychotherapy.
d) humanistic therapy.
e) psychodynamic therapy.
15. Each year, approximately how many people in the United States receive psychotherapy?
a) 100,000
b) 500,000
c) 1,000,000
d) 5,000,000
e) 10,000,000
16. Robin is a clinical psychologist.Her friend Nancy is a psychologist trained as a psychoanalyst.How did
Nancy's professionaltraining differ from Robin's?
a) Only Robin must have graduated from medical school.
b) Only Nancy must have specialized training in administering psychological tests,diagnosing mental disorders,
and practicing psychotherapy.
c) Only Nancy must have passed a licensing exam.
d) Only Nancy must have undergone psychoanalysis.
e) Only Robin can prescribe psychiatric drugs and use electroconvulsive therapy in treating patients.
17. As a clinical psychologist,Dr. Berne
a) must have graduated from medical school.
b) must work in a clinic setting.
c) must have earned a doctoral degree and passed a licensing exam.
d) must have undergone psychoanalysis as part of his or her training.
e) must have the ability to prescribe psychiatric drugs.
18. Which of the following statements is true about clinical psychologists'ability to prescribe psychiatric drugs
in the United States?
a) Clinical psychologists do not have prescription privileges in the United States.
b) Psychiatrists have been supporting the movement to grant prescription privileges to clinical psychologists.
c) Only two states currently allow psychologists to prescribe medications, provided that they have completed a
specialized training program.
d) About half of the states have granted limited prescription privileges to psychologists.
e) Clinical psychologists have the ability to prescribe psychiatric drugs in every one of the 50 states.
19. Puge has just graduated from college as a clinical social worker. Which degree has Puge earned?
a) R.N.
b) M.D.
c) Ed.D.
d) Ph.D.
e) M.S.W.
20. The first form of psychodynamic therapy to be developed was
a) cognitive.
b) behavioral.
c) humanistic.

d) psychoanalysis.
e) client-centered.
21. Which of the following is a key idea from psychodynamic therapies?
a) That psychological problems are rooted in conscious psychologicalconflicts
b) That psychological problems are mainly learned and can therefore be unlearned
c) That human beings possess free will and can make conscious choices to improve their lives
d) That therapy will help people develop their unique potentials
e) That to help a disturbed adult, it is necessary to explore his or her childhood
22. Dr. Melfi is a psychoanalyst.Therefore, we can assume she believes that restoring psychological health
involves
a) increasing efforts toward self-actualization.
b) gaining insight into unconscious psychological conflicts.
c) focusing on changing behavior.
d) suppressing unacceptable motives and desires.
e) focusing on the client's experience in the here-and-now.
23. In Freudian terms, the goal of psychoanalysis is to shine the light of the ________ on the unconscious
recesses ofthe ________.
a) ego; id
b) ego; superego
c) id; ego
d) superego; ego
e) id; superego
24. Psychoanalysts believe that anxiety results from
a) unacceptable impulses that threaten to leak into consciousness.
b) the id's desire to meet the demands of the ego.
c) the id's desire to meet the demands of the superego.
d) the superego's attempts to satisfy the ego.
e) learned behavior that can be "unlearned."
25. During a visit to his therapist, Ishmael was asked to begin talking about whatever was on his mind, even if it
seemed trivial or irrelevant. This is an example of
a) transference.
b) interpretation.
c) latent content.
d) free association.
e) empathy.
26. Why do psychoanalyststypically sit off to the side, out of the client's direct view, and say little?
a) So the clients will not be reminded that they are being monitored
b) So that clients will not be intimidated by the professional in the room
c) So that clients will focus inwardly on their own thoughts
d) So that clients will not be able to see how the analysts react to what they are saying
e) Because, like Freud, psychoanalyststend to be shy and inhibited
27. In psychoanalysis,the blocking that occurs when the therapy touches on anxiety-evoking thoughts or
feelings is called
a) repression.
b) transference.
c) resistance.
d) interpretation.
e) insight.
28. Rachel's therapist asked her to talk about what she had dreamed the previous night. In this case,Rachel is
being asked about
a) repressed content.
b) latent content.
c) transfer content.
d) manifest content.
e) subjective content.
29. After Raymond described his dream to his therapist, efforts were made to figure out what the dream meant,
or its
a) repressed content.
b) manifest content.

c) latent content.
d) transfer content.
e) subjective content.
30. In psychoanalysis,when a client seems to hesitate when talking about a topic or suddenly changes the topic,
it may be a sign of
a) insight.
b) resistance.
c) transference.
d) free association.
e) reaction formation.
31. In psychoanalysis,transference occurs when
a) the client talks freely about whatever comes to mind.
b) the therapist directs some of his or her anxiety toward the client.
c) the manifest content of dreams evolves into latent content.
d) the client begins acting toward the therapist in ways that mirror the client's conflict-ridden relationships with
others.
e) the client transfers material from the unconscious mind to the conscious mind.
32. According to Freud, the most important use of interpretation in psychoanalysis is
a) developing strong client skills in free association.
b) helping clients understand the manifest content of their dreams.
c) analyzing the transference relationship.
d) exploring the countertransference.
e) helping clients understand the latent content of their dreams.
33. Iqbal's therapist has started to treat him as if Iqbal were his son.This is an example of
a) repression.
b) rationalization.
c) transference.
d) countertransference.
e) resistance.
34. Barry Leverson is a marriage and family therapist.With one of his male clients, Leverson has developed
feelings of competition; he sees the client as a rival. Leverson has begun treating one of his female patients as a
rejecting love interest. In psychoanalytic terms, what is Leverson experiencing?
a) Transference
b) Countertransference
c) Resistance with the male client and transference with the female client
d) Resistance
e) Insight
35. Compared to traditional psychoanalysis,modern psychoanalysis includes all of the following EXCEPT
a) more emphasis on sexual issues.
b) less emphasis on the distant past.
c) more emphasis on the client's present relationships.
d) a briefer therapy format.
e) more dialogue between analyst and client.
36. Humanistic therapists explain psychological distress in terms of
a) difficulties in pursuing one's unique potential.
b) maladaptive behavioral patterns due to reinforcements.
c) unconscious conflicts and defense mechanisms.
d) dysfunctionalthinking patterns.
e) irrational beliefs.
37. Viewing psychological distress in terms of difficulties in pursuing self-actualization is a characteristic of
which approach to psychotherapy?
a) Psychodynamic
b) Humanistic
c) Cognitive
d) Behavioral
e) Cognitive-behavioral
38. Carl Rogers is to ________ therapy as Fritz Perls is to ________ therapy.
a) behavioral; Gestalt
b) Ggestalt; client-centered

c) Gestalt; behavioral
d) client-centered; Gestalt
e) client-centered; behavioral
39. Which of the following is a key idea from client-centered therapy?
a) Children should be raised in ways that encourage them to please others.
b) Psychological problems develop from non-conformance.
c) Therapy should be a haven where clients can freely explore their feelings and be themselves.
d) The therapist should always have an active, direct role in the process of healing the client.
e) In therapy, the therapist always leads and the client follows.
40. According to Carl Rogers, the three important components of therapy are unconditional positive regard,
empathy, and
a) insight.
b) rapport.
c) transference.
d) interpretation.
e) genuineness.
41. Client-centered therapy can be categorized as being
a) directive
b) confrontational.
c) detached.
d) challenging.
e) empathic.
42. In therapy, unconditional positive regard is
a) being completely accepting of the client.
b) accepting the client only when she or he behaves acceptably.
c) accepting the client only when she or he approaches self-actualization.
d) one of the pitfalls of humanistic therapy.
e) the ability to accurately mirror the client's feelings and experiences.
43. In client-centered therapy, what is empathy?
a) Complete acceptance of the client
b) Acceptance of the client only when therapeutic goals are attained
c) Accurately mirroring the client's experiences and feelings
d) Maintaining a direct, problem-solving focus
e) Demonstration of genuine feelings
44. In client-centered therapy, the therapist's expression of true feelings is the essence of
a) unconditionalpositive regard.
b) conditional positive regard.
c) self-actualization.
d) genuineness.
e) empathy.
45. Perls was disillusioned with which aspect of psychoanalysis?
a) Implied superiority of males over females
b) Emphasis on early childhood experiences
c) Neglect of clients' present subjective experiences
d) Emphasis on confrontation
e) The notion that psychologicalproblems can simply be unlearned
46. The major goal of Gestalt therapy is
a) uncovering unconscious conflicts.
b) achieving self-actualization.
c) changing behavior.
d) creating a warm and accepting atmosphere for clients to share their feelings.
e) unifying conflicting aspects of personality.
47. Which of the following techniques is used primarily in Gestalt therapy?
a) Empty chair
b) Free association
c) Dream analysis
d) Reflecting back
e) Behavior modification
48. Wally's therapist is using the empty chair technique.He has just placed an empty chair in front of Wally.

What will happen next?
a) Wally will sit in it and pretend that he is many years younger.
b) Wally will talk about a person who used to be in his life who is sorely missed.
c) Wally will make believe that the chair has feelings and will engage it in role play.
d) Wally will imagine someone from his past with whom he had a troubled relationship sitting in it.
e) The therapist will sit in it and tell Wally to address him as if he was a person from Wally's past.
49. Brooke goes to a Gestalt therapist. In her therapy, Brooke will probably be encouraged to
a) dwell on early childhood traumas.
b) focus on how she is feeling in the here-and-now.
c) suppress uncomfortable feelings.
d) accept other people unconditionally.
e) focus on her behavior, rather than on her feelings.
50. Behavior therapy has its origins in the work of
a) Freud.
b) Watson.
c) Rogers.
d) Perls.
e) Beck.
51. Which of the following statements is true of behavior therapy?
a) It focuses on changing the client's thoughts and feelings.
b) It focuses on exploring the client's feelings.
c) It helps clients see how their past conflicts affect their current behavior.
d) It is relatively brief, typically lasting only weeks or months.
e) It uses learning principles to help clients achieve a state of self-actualization.
52. Callie is participating in a behavior therapy method in which her therapist first teaches her deep muscle
relaxation. What is Callie's therapy of choice?
a) Aversive conditioning
b) Empathic participation
c) Systematic desensitization
d) Client-centered therapy
e) Rational-emotive behavior therapy
53. In-vivo exposure involves self-relaxation training followed by
a) "talk therapy."
b) observing other fearful subjects interact with fearful stimuli.
c) actually interacting with fearful stimuli.
d) observing unafraid others interact with fearful stimuli.
e) imagining fearful stimuli.
54. Which of the following is a component of systematic desensitization?
a) Establishing a fear hierarchy
b) Modeling
c) Developing an aversive response to fear stimuli
d) Developing unconditional positive regard
e) Identifying and correcting irrational beliefs
55. Lakeisha has a snake phobia and decides to see a behavioral therapist. Her therapist suggests systematic
desensitization. What is the second step Lakeisha will take in her therapy?
a) Touching a snake
b) Looking at pictures of a snake
c) Learning relaxation techniques
d) Being in the same room as a snake
e) Developing a fear hierarchy for snakes
56. Wanda's therapy involves directly confronting fearful stimuli, little by little, until her fear of the stimulus is
reduced or eliminated. Which technique is Wanda's therapist utilizing?
b) Transference
c) Modeling
d) Gradual exposure
e) Graduated reconditioning
57. In behavioral therapy, anotherterm for gradual exposure is
a) fear hierarchy.

b) interpretative exposure.
c) in-vivo exposure.
d) transference.
e) virtual exposure.
58. Gradual exposure is used in treating
a) generalized anxiety disorder.
b) identity disorders.
c) neuroses.
d) phobias.
e) somatoform disorders.
59. The text mentions a virtual reality simulation called a virtual bar. What is its purported purpose?
a) To allow people to act as their own lawyers in a virtual trial
b) To promote assertiveness training.
c) To teach people the art of mixing alcoholic drinks
d) To help people overcome social phobia
e) To help people who are problem drinkers
60. Computer technology has been used for a new form of behavioral therapy called
a) eclectic therapy.
b) in-vivo exposure.
c) virtual reality therapy.
d) cybertherapy.
e) online therapy.
61. Generalizing from research presented in the text, what percentage of clients using virtual reality therapy to
treat fear of flying are predicted to have success?
a) Less than 10 percent
b) 20 to 30 percent
c) 40 to 60 percent
d) 70 to 80 percent
e) More than 90 percent
62. Regarding the use of virtual reality therapy,which of the following statements is FALSE?
a) Therapists are experimenting with the use of virtual bars and crack houses to help substance abusers resist
using drugs.
b) In virtual reality therapy, the therapist controls the intensity and range of stimuli used during virtual exposure
sessions.
c) With advances in technology,today's virtual reality environment is convincing enough to evoke intense
anxiety in fearful people.
d) Therapists envision a time when this therapy could be used to help clients work through unresolved conflicts
with significant others by confronting these others virtually.
e) Studies indicate that virtual reality exposure is just as effective as real-life exposure in treating phobias.
63. "Virtual Iraq" is a virtual reality simulation used to help
a) veterans of the Iraqi war who have PTSD.
b) individuals with a fear of flying in airplanes or helicopters.
c) Iraqi children who experienced psychological trauma.
d) individuals with a fear of loud noises.
e) military trainees learn about Arabic culture before they are sent to Iraq.
64. Associating objects that elicit an undesirable response with negative stimuli is the key principle of
a) systematic desensitization.
b) aversive conditioning.
c) modeling.
d) exposure therapy.
e) virtual therapy.
65. Roger has been convicted of sexually assaulting several young children. In prison he undergoes aversion
therapy. He is presented with pictures of young children while receiving unpleasant electric shocks.Eventually,
pictures of young children become aversive stimuli. In this procedure, the electric shocks are the
a) unconditioned stimulus.
b) conditioned stimulus.
c) conditioned response.
d) unconditioned response.
e) neutral stimulus.

66. Juan is an alcoholic who has not responded to other types of treatment. Juan's therapist suggests aversive
conditioning in which Juan will take a nausea-inducing drug at the same time he sniffs beer. In this treatment
strategy,the beer is the ________ during conditioning and the ________ afterconditioning.
a) unconditioned stimulus; neutral stimulus
b) unconditioned stimulus; conditioned stimulus
c) conditioned stimulus; neutral stimulus
d) neutral stimulus; unconditioned stimulus
e) neutral stimulus; conditioned stimulus
67. Which of the following is an example of aversive conditioning in behavioral therapy?
a) Dr. Angelino instructs teachers to use time-out as punishment when children with ADHD misbehave.
b) Dr. Barbarino teaches Bob and Judy to use a reward systemwhen their daughterbehaves in a desirable way.
c) Dr. Chang develops a token economy for use with residents of a mental hospital.
d) Dr. Dorian uses a nausea-inducing drug with his client Winston,who suffers from alcoholism.
e) Dr. Eggleston teaches Edwina to withdraw attention when her child misbehaves.
68. When two-year-old Tommy started screaming that he wanted the toy that the birthday boy just unwrapped,
his mother picked him up and carried him away from the partying children to the empty kitchen where she made
him stay until he stopped crying.What operant conditioning technique was Tommy's mother using?
a) Token economy
b) Time-out
c) Aversive conditioning
d) Modeling
e) Systematic desensitization
69. Susie, the new aide on the ward, has a chart listing the names of the eight residents under her charge. She
tells each one that whenever he or she does what they are expected to, in the way of taking care of themselves or
relating to others,a star will be placed next to his or her name. Then, when a patient has ten stars,Susie will let
her or him choose a very special prize, such as a DVD, a music CD, or a box of chocolate. Susie is using which
operant conditioning technique to shape her patients'behavior?
b) Negative reinforcement
c) Chip economy
d) Token economy
e) Time-out
70. The statement in Hamlet, "There is nothing either good or bad,but thinking makes it so," expresses the
rationale behind which contemporary form of therapy?
a) Behavior modification
b) Cognitive-behavioral therapy
c) Virtual reality therapy
d) Cognitive therapy
e) Eclectic therapy
71. Which approach to therapy combines techniques such as gradual exposure and modeling with efforts to
challenge and correct faulty thinking patterns?
a) Humanistic
b) Psychodynamic
c) Cognitive-behavioral
d) Gestalt
e) Gestalt-behavioral
72. Aaron Beck is to ________ therapy as Albert Ellis is to ________ therapy.
a) rational-emotive behavior; cognitive
b) cognitive; Gestalt
c) operant-based behavioral; classical-based behavioral
d) Gestalt; cognitive
e) cognitive; rational-emotive behavior
73. The goal of the cognitive therapist is to help clients
a) discoverunconscious conflicts and bring them to the light of awareness.
b) strengthen desirable behavior or weaken undesirable behavior through principles of classical and operant
conditioning.
c) blend conflicting parts of their personalities into an integrated whole.
d) recognize and develop their unique potentials.
e) challenge maladaptive thoughts and beliefs and replace them with more adaptive ways of thinking and

behaving.
74. Which of the following statements about cognitive therapies is true?
a) Cognitive therapy techniques are based on the view that misfortunes are easy to bear.
b) Cognitive therapies are relatively long forms of treatment.
c) Cognitive therapies focus more on what happened in the past than on what is happening in the present.
d) Clients are given "homework assignments" in cognitive therapy.
e) Cognitive therapists believe that emotional problems are caused by external events.
75. The idea that irrational beliefs lead to emotional distress is at the core of which approach to therapy?
a) Behavior therapy
b) Rational-emotive behavior therapy
c) Humanistic therapy
d) Gestalt therapy
e) Biomedical therapy
76. According to Ellis, all EXCEPT which of the following are IRRATIONAL beliefs?
a) One must always have the approval of virtually all the important people in one's life.
b) It is awful and catastrophic when life does not go the way one wants it to go.
c) One's past must continue to affect one and determine one's behavior.
d) People must treat each other fairly, and it is horrible when they do not.
e) Life's problems don't typically have clear and quick solutions.
77. According to Ellis, negative emotions are
a) inevitable consequencesofnegative events.
b) automatic reactions of the central nervous system.
c) produced directly by life events.
d) the result of irrational beliefs about life events.
e) logical results of evaluating one's life situation.
78. Diane broke up with Sheldon, so Sheldon told himself that he's a loser and that no othergirl will ever come
along who will be half as good as Diane. Then he got very depressed and went to see a REBT therapist. Using
the "ABC" approach, the therapist showed Sheldon that
a) B alone caused A.
b) A alone caused C.
c) B alone caused C.
d) C alone caused A.
e) C and B caused A.
79. Paul was not given a promotion. He feels upset and disappointed because he considers himself a failure. In
this scenario, Paul's view of himself as a failure is the
a) activating event.
b) irrational belief.
c) self-defeating behavior.
d) consequence.
e) outcome.
80. Twenty-five-year-old Lloyd goes to a rational-emotive behavior therapist.He complains that ever since a
girl laughed at him when he asked her for a date, in ninth grade, he's been afraid to ask out another girl. The
therapist, using the ABCD model, might teach him to correctly identify
a) A as the fact that he was afraid of asking out anothergirl.
b) B as the girl laughing at him.
c) C as his belief that every subsequent girl will behave in the same way as that first one.
d) D as challenging the belief that every subsequent girl will behave in the same way as that first one.
e) B as the fact that he was afraid of asking out anothergirl.
81. Beck refers to errors in thinking as
a) cognitive appraisals.
b) faulty attributions.
c) cognitive distortions.
d) activating events.
e) irrational beliefs.
82. Shannon goes to a cognitive therapist,who gives her the following assignment: "Next time you have a
negative thought,investigate it to determine whether it is valid." Which therapeutic technique is Shannon's
therapist using?
a) Reality testing
b) Empathy

c) Validity training
d) Gradual exposure
e) Interpretation
83. Which of the following statements is true with respect to rational-emotive behavior therapy and cognitive
therapy?
a) Only cognitive therapy focuses on helping people identify dysfunctionalthoughts and beliefs.
b) Only Beck was originally trained as a psychoanalyst; Ellis was not.
c) Cognitive therapy involves the use of homework assignments,whereas REBT does not.
d) Cognitive therapy usually adopts a more confrontational approach in dealing with clients' irrational beliefs
than does REBT.
e) Both types of therapy focus on helping people replace maladaptive thoughts with adaptive, rational ones.
84. Which of the following statements is true of eclectic therapists?
a) They do not believe in any form of therapy.
b) They generally adhere to behavioral principles.
c) They are most often humanistic therapists.
d) They are more often psychiatrists than psychologists.
e) They integrate approaches from many different perspectives.
85. In a study reported in the text, which orientation is the most widely endorsed among clinical and counseling
psychologists?
a) Eclectic/integrative
b) Cognitive
c) Behavioral
d) Psychoanalytic
e) Rogerian/humanistic
86. Which type of therapy focuses on helping families change disruptive patterns of communication and
improve the ways in which members relate to each other?
a) Group therapy
b) Marital therapy
c) Couples therapy
d) Family therapy
e) Conjoint therapy
87. All of the following are advantages ofgroup therapy over individual therapy EXCEPT:
a) Group therapy allows the client to see how others have coped with similar problems.
b) Group therapy is especially helpful for people experiencing problems such as loneliness and shyness.
c) Those in group therapy have the extra benefit of social support from the group.
d) Clients feel safer expressing their feelings in a group setting.
e) Group therapy is usually less costly than individual therapy.
88. Which of the following statements regarding group therapy is true?
a) Effective therapists encourage group members to take turns in dominating the discussion.
b) Group therapy is more costly than individual therapy.
c) Group therapy is not beneficial for people who have interpersonal problems such as shyness and low self-
esteem.
d) Information disclosed by group members is not considered confidential.
e) Group therapy is not appropriate for those who seek a deep exploration of their feelings.
89. A friend approaches you and asks, "Is psychotherapy effective?" Which of the following is the most
reasonable answer for you to make?
a) "There is not enough research to suggest whetheror not psychotherapy is effective."
b) "Yes, people who participate in psychotherapy are more likely to achieve a good outcome than those wh o go
untreated,and it appears that cognitive-behavioral therapy is the most effective type."
c) "Yes, people who participate in psychotherapy are more likely to achieve a good outcome than those who go
untreated,and it appears that humanistic therapy is the most effective type."
d) "Yes, people who participate in psychotherapy are more likely to achieve a good outcome than those who go
untreated,but there is continued debate about whether some forms of therapy are more effective than others."
e) "No, evidence suggeststhat drug therapy is more effective than psychotherapy."
90. A technique that consolidates results from a large number of studies is
a) analytic analysis.
b) meta-analysis.
c) comparative analysis.
d) reduction analysis.

e) longitudinal analysis.
91. An analysis of 400 controlled studies evaluating the effectiveness of psychotherapy found that the average
person receiving therapy did betterthan approximately what percentage of people placed on waiting lists for
therapy?
a) 60 percent
b) 70 percent
c) 80 percent
d) 90 percent
e) 100 percent
92. Meta-analyses of the effectiveness of psychotherapy suggest that
a) traditional psychoanalysis is generally the most effective form of therapy.
b) behavior therapy is generally the most effective form of therapy.
c) humanistic therapy is generally the most effective form of therapy.
d) there is little difference in the overall effectiveness of the different forms of therapy.
e) group therapy is generally the most effective form of therapy.
93. Humanistic therapies demonstrate most effectiveness in helping individuals
a) with eating disorders.
b) with borderline personality disorder.
c) with anxiety disorders such as social phobia, panic disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.
d) develop their sense ofself, connect with their feelings, and realize their full potential.
e) who have developmental disabilities.
94. Some forms of psychodynamic therapy have been shown effective in treating which of the following
personality disorders?
a) Antisocial
b) Borderline
c) Histrionic
d) Narcissistic
e) Schizoid
95. Therapies that are judged to have demonstrated effectiveness in scientifically based studies are called
a) substantiated treatments.
b) eclectic treatments.
c) scientific therapies.
d) meta-analyzed treatments.
e) empirically supported treatments.
96. The therapist is most likely to assume a probing role in ________,and an active, problem-solving role in
________
a) client-centered therapy; modern psychodynamic therapy
b) REBT; classic psychodynamic therapy
c) Gestalt therapy; client-centered therapy
d) cognitive therapy; Gestalt therapy
e) modern psychodynamic therapy; behavioral therapy
97. In the evaluation of different types of therapies,common characteristics of all types of therapy under study
are referred to as
a) core practices.
b) basic features.
c) shared approaches.
d) nonspecific factors.
e) placebo effects.
98. Vanessa feels an attachment toward her therapist and the therapy process.Vanessa's experience is referred to
as
a) attachment disorder.
b) countertransference.
c) the therapeutic alliance.
d) the nonspecific factors.
e) interpersonal psychotherapy.
99. In therapy, clients' responses to positive expectancies (for example, the expectation of improving) are called
a) placebo effects.
b) nonspecific effects.
c) countertransference.

d) transference.
e) virtual expectations.
100. One important consideration for a therapist to keep in mind when treating African Americans is their
a) open display of emotions.
b) history of racial discrimination and oppression.
c) willingness to share personal information.
d) lack of insight into the psychologicalorigins of problems.
e) tendency to place too much trust in White authority figures.
101. Which of the following statements is t rue of minority group members' access to mental health care?
a) They are just as likely to have health insurance as members of the majority group.
b) They are more likely than members of the majority to feel that there is a stigma to attached to seeking mental
health care.
c) They are likely to have access to treatment providers who share their ethnicity.
d) They are more likely to have their mental disorders diagnosed than are members of the majority group.
e) They are likely to have no difficulty in finding treatment providers who speak their language.
102. Which of the following statements is NOT true of Asian Americans in a therapeutic setting?
a) They are likely to be more reluctant than others to show emotion.
b) They tend to emphasize individuality over the group.
c) They may look to the therapist as an authority figure.
d) Their therapists may need to adjust the therapeutic approach to reflect Asian cultural values.
e) They may view disclosure of emotion as reflective of poorupbringing.
103. Dr. Stevenson just began a job treating Hispanic Americans in a rural clinic. An important cultural
consideration for Stevenson to consideris the tendency for Hispanic Americans to
a) be reserved rather than displaying emotion.
b) view the therapist as an authority figure.
c) place a strong emphasis on family interdependency.
d) be guarded and secretive when interacting with othergroups.
e) express emotional problems through physicalsymptoms.
104. Regarding culturally sensitive therapeutic treatments, therapists need to do which of the following?
a) Consistently apply the same therapeutic techniques to all cultural groups.
b) Be able to relate to the client's world and adjust their treatment approaches accordingly.
c) Be self-confident and refrain from examining themselves for possible hidden biases.
d) Be guided by the available evidence on the effectiveness of particular therapies across the board, regardless
of patients' ethnicity.
e) Realize that attempting to address the client in his or her own native language might be construed as an insult.
105. Summarize the major approaches to psychotherapy.
106. A(n) ________ drug typically acts on the neurotransmitter GABA.
a) antianxiety
b) antidepressant
c) antipsychotic
d) antimanic
e) mood-stabilizing
107. Dharma has been given a drug that makes the GABA receptors in her brain more sensitive.The drug might
be which of the following?
a) Elavil
b) Prozac
c) Valium
d) Zoloft
e) Clozapine
108. Gloria has been diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder. She will most likely be treated with
a) Tofranil.
b) Xanax.
c) Nardil.
d) Prozac.
e) Thorazine.
109. Minor tranquilizer drugs are also called
a) antidepressants.
b) antimanic drugs.
c) antipsychotics.

d) tricyclics.
e) antianxiety drugs.
110. Antidepressantstypically work on which neurotransmitters?
a) GABA and serotonin
b) Serotonin and norepinephrine
c) Norepinephrine and dopamine
d) Dopamine and GABA
e) Serotonin and epinephrine
111. ________ are antidepressants.
a) Phenothiazines
b) MAO inhibitors
c) Dopamine blockers
d) Major tranquilizers
e) Minor tranquilizers
112. Hugo has major depression.He might be treated with which of the following?
a) Tofranil
b) Risperidone
c) Cylert
d) Mellaril
e) Librium
113. Tricyclic antidepressants raise brain levels of neurotransmitters by
a) increasing the production of neurotransmitters.
b) reducing the breakdown of neurotransmitters.
c) interfering with the reuptake process.
d) increasing receptors for neurotransmitters.
e) making receptors for neurotransmitters more sensitive.
114. Which of the following statements is true about the use of antidepressants?
a) All antidepressants inhibit the actions of the enzyme monoamine oxidase, which normally breaks down
norepinephrine and serotonin in the synapse.
b) The use of antidepressants in outpatient treatment has decreased sharply in recent years.
c) In an overdose situation,SSRIs present a greater danger than the tricyclics.
d) Tricyclics and SSRIs are about equally effective in treating depression,but SSRIs have more severe side
effects.
e) Antidepressantsalso have therapeutic benefit in treating a variety of anxiety disorders, as well as bulimia.
115. Which type of antidepressant has the lowest rate of severe side effects?
a) SSRIs
b) MAO inhibitors
c) Tricyclics
d) Phenothiazines
e) None of these; they all have the same rate of severe side effects.
116. Which of the following are SSRIs?
a) Tofranil and Elavil
b) Valium, Librium, and Xanax
c) Prozac and Zoloft
d) Clozapine, Risperdone, and Olanzapine
e) Nardil and Parnate
117. In addition to treating depression,bulimia, and obsessive-compulsive disorder, antidepressants are effective
in treating which of the following?
a) Autism
b) ADHD
c) Social phobia
d) Schizophrenia
e) The manic phase of bipolar disorder
118. Most of the antipsychotic drugs target which neurotransmitter?
a) Serotonin
b) Dopamine
c) Acetylcholine
d) GABA
e) Norephinephrine

119. Major tranquilizer is to ________ as minor tranquilizer is to ________.
a) antipsychotic; antianxiety
b) antipsychotic; antidepressant
c) antidepressant; antipsychotic
d) antidepressant; antianxiety
e) antianxiety; antipsychotic
120. The first class of antipsychotics were the
a) MAO inhibitors.
b) tricyclics.
c) SSRIs.
d) phenothiazines.
e) minor tranquilizers.
121. Which of the following does NOT belong with the others?
a) Thorazine
b) Antipsychotic
c) Prozac
d) Phenothiazine
e) Major tranquilizer
122. Phenothiazines would be used to treat which of the following people?
a) Toby, who has schizophrenia
b) Kirsten, who has bulimia
c) Sami, who has bipolar disorder
d) Michelle, who has an anxiety disorder
e) Alfred, who has major depression
123. The development of which class of drugs revolutionized the treatment of schizophrenia?
a) MAO inhibitors
b) Phenothiazines
c) Serotonin-reuptake inhibitors
d) Minor tranquilizers
e) Tricyclics
124. Gail suffers from bipolar disorder. Which drug can her doctor prescribe to try to help stabilize Gail's mood
swings and reduce the risk of recurrent manic episodes?
a) Thorazine
b) Prozac
c) Lithium
d) Librium
e) Ritalin
125. Attention deficits and disruptive behavior in hyperactive children may be treated with
a) alprazolam (Xanax).
b) fluoxetine (Prozac).
c) methylphenidate (Ritalin).
d) sertraline (Zoloft).
e) phenelzine (Nardil).
126. Taylor takes Ritalin to treat his ADHD. The drug's effectiveness may be based on its ability to increase the
activity of which neurotransmitter in Taylor's cerebral cortex?
a) Dopamine
b) Serotonin
c) GABA
d) Melatonin
e) Norepinephrine
127. Dr. Albert, a psychiatrist, is treating nine-year-old Edward for childhood depression.So far, he has used
only cognitive therapy with the child. "I can't understand why you don't just give us a prescription for Prozac,"
says Edward's mother. Dr. Albert might accurately respond by pointing out that antidepressant drugs
a) are used only with adults.
b) increase the risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors in children.
c) are associated with tardive dyskinesia.
d) are much less effective with depressed children than is psychotherapy .
e) carry a risk of addiction if used regularly over time.
128. Jewel takes an antianxiety drug for the treatment of her panic disorder. She experiences a common side

effect from her treatment. Which side effect does Jewel experience?
a) Sexual dysfunction
b) Lack of appetite
c) Agitation
d) Drowsiness
e) Musculartremors
129. Common side effects of antidepressants are
a) muscle ache and drowsiness.
b) agitation and aggression.
c) sexual dysfunction and dry mouth.
d) muscular tremors.
e) impairments in memory.
130. Nedra takes an antipsychotic drug for the treatment of schizophrenia. Nedra has developed a movement
disorder in which she involuntarily smacks her lips and makes facial grimaces. What is the name of Nedra's
movement disorder?
a) Psychotic akinesia
b) Hypochondriasis
c) Tardive dyskinesia
d) Dhat syndrome
e) Facial atrophy
131. Beyond the fact that it can lead to psychologicaland physiological dependence,what is a primary
disadvantage oftaking the antianxiety drug Valium?
a) It can be deadly when mixed with alcohol.
b) It is overused in the treatment of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.
c) It can have very toxic effects and produce mild impairments in memory.
d) Its use may lead to the development of a disabling movement disorder.
e) A significant percentage of relapses occur in patients who use this drug.
132. Electroconvulsive shock therapy is effective in treating
a) schizophrenia.
b) generalized anxiety disorder.
c) severe depression.
d) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
e) dissociative identity disorder.
133. Which of the following statements is true about electroconvulsive therapy?
a) In ECT, a very mild jolt of electricity is passed through the head.
b) There is no need to anesthetize patients before administering ECT.
c) For those who receive ECT, the memory of the experience is very strong.
d) ECT is usually administered in two treatments over two consecutive days.
e) Many mental health professionals view ECT as a "last resort" treatment.
134. Marjorie receives treatment for depression.In her treatment, Marjorie receives jolts of electricity through
her head. What is Marjorie's treatment?
b) Prefrontal lobotomy
c) Systematic desensitization
d) Psychosurgery
e) Electroconvulsive therapy
135. Of the following patients receiving treatment for depression,which is most likely to be a candidate for
electroconvulsive therapy?
a) Ang,who has a mild case of depression
b) Bobbie, who has a moderate case of depression
c) Courtney, who has a severe case of depression that seems to be responding to drugs and cognitive-behavioral
therapy
d) Damien, who has a severe case of depression that has not responded to other forms of treatment
e) Edgar, who is suffering from schizophrenia
136. Which of the following statements is true about prefrontal lobotomy?
a) Although surgeons haven't used the technique in decades,it has recently come into vogue again.
b) This technique was routinely used on severely depressed patients.
c) The procedure was abandoned because it was very expensive and psychiatric drugs were a lot cheaper.
d) In this technique,nerve pathways between the frontal lobe and lower brain centers are severed.

e) The technique was developed in the 1950s.
137. Psychosurgery is sometimes used today to treat severe cases of
a) schizophrenia.
b) antisocial personality disorder.
c) generalized anxiety disorder.
d) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
e) ADHD.
138. Describe the three primary categories of psychotropic drugs.
139. Discuss the use of electroconvulsive therapy.
140. Lucianne's friends found out that she was looking for a qualified mental health professional,so they all
gave her advice. Which would be the BEST advice for her to follow?
a) "Just pick any name listed in the telephone directory under'therapist.'"
b) "Go for the therapist with the largest ad in the directory."
c) "Look for a therapist who is versatile and is an expert in treating many kinds of problems."
d) "Ask the therapist whether she's licensed, where she received training, and what experience she has had."
e) "Use an online therapist."
141. What's the biggest concern when it comes to online therapy services?
a) That confidentiality will be breached
b) That the therapist will not have proper credentials
c) That there will be lack of rapport
d) That the therapy sessions will be too brief
e) That the fees will be too high
142. Ilene was just prescribed an antianxiety drug by her new therapist. She reacted in all of the following ways.
What did she do that was WRONG?
a) Finding out all the potential side effects
b) Questioning the therapist about how long it will be before the medicine takes effect
c) Keeping quiet about her belief that she didn't need this medication, so as not to insult him
d) Inquiring which side effects should prompt her to call him up
e) Asking the therapist to recommend another therapist to offer a second opinion
143. Explain the steps people can take to find qualified mental health professionals.

1. All but which of the following mental health professionals are psychotherapists?
A) Cheryl, who works from the psychoanalytic perspective
B) Tim, who is a couples therapist using behavioral techniques
C) Lisa, who works from the humanistic perspective
D) Frankie, who conducts therapy with groups using cognitive techniques
E) Vernon, who administers electroconvulsive therapy to people experiencing severe
depression
2. Psychoanalysts are typically which type of mental health professional?
A) Psychiatrists or psychologists
B) Clinical or psychiatric social workers
C) Psychiatric nurses
D) Psychiatric nurses or psychiatric social workers
E) Psychiatrists or psychiatric nurses
3. In Freudian terms, the goal of psychoanalysis is to shine the light of the _____ on the
unconscious recesses of the ______.
A) ego; id
B) ego; superego
C) id; ego
D) superego; ego
E) id; superego
4. In psychoanalysis, _____ describes blocking that occurs when the therapy touches upon anxiety-
evoking thoughts or feelings.
A) resistance
B) transference
C) countertransference
D) interpretation
E) insight
5. In psychoanalysis, transference is when
A) the client talks freely about whatever comes to mind.
B) the therapist directs some of his or her anxiety toward the client.
C) the manifest content of dreams evolves into latent content.
D) the client begins acting toward the therapist in ways that mirror the client's conflict-ridden
relationships with others.
E) the client transfers material from the unconscious mind to the conscious mind.
6. Iqbal and his therapist have fallen into treating each other in a father-son manner. The therapist
has started to react to Iqbal as if Iqbal was his son, while Iqbal plays out his troubled
relationship with his own father with the therapist. In this case, Iqbal is experiencing ______,
while the therapist is experiencing ______.
A) repression; resistance

B) insight; interpretation
C) countertransference; transference
D) transference; countertransference
E) resistance; repression
7. Carl Rogers is to ______ therapy as Fritz Perls is to ______ therapy.
A) behavioral; Gestalt
B) Gestalt; client-centered
C) Gestalt; behavioral
D) client-centered; Gestalt
E) client-centered; behavioral
8. In client-centered therapy, the therapist demonstrates empathy when s/he
A) completely accepts the client.
B) can distinguish between latent and manifest dream content.
C) accurately mirrors the client's experiences and feelings.
D) maintains a direct, problem-solving focus during therapy.
E) genuinely demonstrates her/his feelings during therapy.
9. Gestalt therapy frequently uses which of the following techniques?
A) Empty chair
B) Free association
C) Dream analysis
D) Reflecting back
E) Behavior modification
10. Behavior therapy focuses on
A) changing thoughts to correspond to behaviors.
B) helping clients achieve self-actualization.
C) changing maladaptive patterns of responding.
D) altering errors of thinking.
E) the adaptive functioning of the ego.
11. Lakeisha has a snake phobia and decides to see a behavioral therapist. Her therapist suggests
systematic desensitization. What is the second step Lakeisha will take in her therapy?
A) Touching a snake
B) Looking at pictures of a snake
C) Learning relaxation techniques
D) Being in the same room as a snake
E) Developing a fear hierarchy for snakes
12. Learning desirable behavior by watching and imitating others is known as ______, and ______
pioneered the use of this technique to help people overcome phobias.
A) transference; Sigmund Freud
B) modeling; John B. Watson

C) modeling; Albert Ellis
D) transference; Albert Bandura
E) modeling; Albert Bandura
13. Associating objects that elicit an undesirable response with unpleasant or negative stimuli is
the key principle of
A) systematic desensitization.
B) aversive conditioning.
C) in vivo exposure.
D) gradual exposure therapy.
E) virtual therapy.
14. Which approach to therapy combines techniques like gradual exposure and modeling with
efforts to challenge and correct faulty thinking patterns?
A) Humanistic
B) Psychodynamic
C) Cognitive-behavioral
D) Gestalt
E) Gestalt-behavioral
15. According to Ellis, negative emotions are
A) inevitable consequences of negative events.
B) automatic reactions of the central nervous system.
C) produced directly by life events.
D) the result of irrational beliefs about life events.
E) the logical result of overanalyzing one's life situation.
16. Paul was not given a promotion. He feels upset and disappointed because he thinks of himself
as a failure who will never succeed. From the perspective of rational-emotive behavior therapy,
Paul's view of himself is the
A) activating event.
B) irrational belief.
C) self-defeating behavior.
D) consequence.
E) outcome.
17. Which type of therapy focuses on helping families focus on changing disruptive patterns of
communication and improving the ways in which members relate to each other?
A) Group therapy
B) Marital therapy
C) Couples therapy
D) Family therapy
E) Behavioral modification
18. All but which of the following are advantages of group therapy over individual therapy?

A) Group therapy allows the client to see how others have coped with similar problems.
B) Because it involves group interaction, group therapy is especially helpful for people
experiencing problems like loneliness and shyness.
C) Those in group therapy have the extra benefit of social support from the group.
D) Clients feel safer expressing their feelings in a group setting.
E) Group therapy is usually less costly than individual therapy.
19. Regarding the effectiveness of psychotherapy, which of the following statements is FALSE?
A) While the majority of people benefit from therapy, some may deterioriate.
B) Meta-analysis is a statistical technique used to average the results across a large number
of studies, and this technique has been used to evaluate the effectiveness of therapy.
C) The greatest improvements in therapy are typically gained during the last few months of
treatment.
D) Research supports the overall effectives of psychotherapy, marital therapy, group therapy,
and family therapy.
E) The average therapy client achieves greater improvement than the majority of people
assigned to untreated control groups.
20. Summarize the major approaches to psychotherapy.
21. Minor tranquilizer drugs are also called
A) antidepressants.
B) antisomatic drugs.
C) antipsychotics.
D) tricyclics.
E) antianxiety drugs.
22. There are ______ types of antidepressants, and they are called _______.
A) 2; minor and major tranquilizers
B) 3; MAO inhibitors, tricyclics, and selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors
C) 3; Valium, Librium, and Xanax
D) 2; phenothiazines and neo-phenothiazines
E) 2; stimulants and anticonvulsants
23. Hugo has major depression. He might be treated with any of the following EXCEPT
A) Tofranil.
B) Xanax.
C) Elavil.
D) Nardil.
E) Zoloft.
24. Antidepressants are predicted to have some effectiveness in treating all of the following
EXCEPT
A) bulimia.
B) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

C) social phobia.
D) schizophrenia.
E) depression.
25. Phenothiazines would be used to treat which of the following people?
A) Tobey, who has schizophrenia
B) Kirsten, who has bulimia
C) Sami, who has bipolar disorder
D) Michelle, who has an anxiety disorder
E) Alfredo, who has major depression
26. Jewel takes an antianxiety drug for the treatment of her panic disorder. She experiences a
common side effect from her treatment. Which side effect is Jewel most likely to experience?
A) Sexual dysfunction
B) Memory impairment
C) Dry mouth
D) Drowsiness
E) Muscular tremors
27. Nedra takes an antipsychotic drug for the treatment of schizophrenia. Nedra has developed a
movement disorder in which she involuntarily smacks her lips and makes facial grimaces. What
is Nedra's disorder?
A) Epilepsy
B) Hypochondriasis
C) Tardive dyskinesia
D) Electroconvulsive disorder
E) Systematic desensitization
28. What is a primary disadvantage of the antianxiety drug Valium?
A) It can lead to psychological and physiological dependence, and it can be deadly when
mixed with alcohol.
B) It is overused in the treatment of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
C) Its overuse suggests that mental health professionals are too eager to find quick fixes for
complex problems.
D) Its use may lead to the development of a disabling movement disorder.
E) A significant percentage of relapses occur in patients who use this drug.
29. Regarding prefrontal lobotomy, which of the following statements is FALSE?
A) Antonio Egas Moniz, who was later shot and paralyzed by one of his own patients,
developed this technique.
B) This technique was eliminated because of serious complications in patients.
C) Compared to this technique, psychiatric drugs offer a less radical alternative to treating
abnormal behavior.

D) In this technique, nerve pathways between the frontal lobe and lower brain centers are
severed.
E) This technique was once used to treat extreme passivity or extreme aggressiveness.
30. What was the hope of the community-based care movement?
A) That promising psychotropic drugs could help people deal more effectively with
psychological disorders
B) That mental patients could be reintegrated into society instead of being hospitalized for
the long-term
C) That mental hospitals would reflect the values of their community
D) That the treatment of the mentally ill would be humanized
E) That costs of caring for the mentally ill would be reduced
31. Of the following, which is the primary purpose of the modern mental hospital?
A) To provide outpatient care
B) To provide a supervised residential facility
C) To serve as a halfway house
D) To offer day treatment programs
E) To provide a protective living environment for long-term patients
32. Describe the three primary categories of psychotropic drugs.
33. In therapy, unconditional positive regard is
A) the therapist's complete acceptance of the client.
B) accepting the client only when s/he behaves acceptably.
C) accepting the client only when s/he approaches self-actualization.
D) the therapist's ability to express genuine feelings.
E) the ability to accurately mirror the client's feelings and experiences.
34. Which of the following is NOT a feature of systematic desensitization?
A) Fear hierarchy
B) Relaxation training
C) Use of an incompatible response to anxiety
D) Observing non-fearful subjects interact with fearful stimuli
E) Imagining or viewing fearful stimuli
35. Aaron Beck is to ______ therapy as Albert Ellis is to ______ therapy.
A) rational-emotive behavior; cognitive
B) cognitive; Gestalt
C) operant-based behavioral; classical-based behavioral
D) Gestalt; cognitive
E) cognitive; rational-emotive behavior
36. Aaron Beck refers to errors in thinking as
A) cognitive distortions.
B) faulty attributions.

C) cognitive appraisals.
D) activating events.
E) irrational beliefs.
37. In research reported in your text, an analysis of 400 controlled studies evaluating the
effectiveness of psychotherapy found that the average person receiving therapy did better
than approximately what percentage of people placed on waiting lists for therapy?
A) 30%
B) 50%
C) 60%
D) 80%
E) 93%
38. Behavior therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapies have demonstrated impressive results in
treating all of the following EXCEPT
A) panic disorder.
B) bulimia.
C) bipolar disorder.
D) depression.
E) generalized anxiety disorder.
39. Generalizing from research evidence, some forms of psychodynamic therapy are predicted to
produce good results in treating which of the following?
A) Schizophrenia
B) Anorexia
C) Bulimia
D) Panic disorder
E) Obsessive-compulsive disorder
40. Psychotropic drugs are also known as _______ drugs.
A) illicit
B) psychological
C) psychiatric
D) hallucinogenic
E) biopsychosocial
41. Tricyclic antidepressants raise brain levels of neurotransmitters by
A) increasing production of neurotransmitters.
B) reducing breakdown of neurotransmitters.
C) interfering with the reuptake process.
D) increasing receptors for neurotransmitters.
E) making receptors for neurotransmitters more sensitive.
42. Regarding the use of antidepressants, which of the following statements is FALSE?
A) Tricyclics and SSRIs are about equally effective in treating depression.

B) SSRIs are generally preferred over tricyclics because they are less dangerous in overdose
situations.
C) Antidepressants that target serotonin can help treat eating disorders like bulimia.
D) Compared to tricyclics, SSRIs have more severe side effects.
E) Antidepressants are helpful in treating a variety of anxiety disorders.
43. Most of the antipsychotic drugs target which neurotransmitter?
A) Serotonin
B) Dopamine
C) Acetylcholine
D) GABA
E) Norepinephrine
44. Common side effects of antidepressants are
A) muscle ache and drowsiness.
B) agitation and aggression.
C) sexual dysfunction and dry mouth.
D) muscular tremors and impairments in memory.
E) rigidity and severe movement disorders.
Gestalt Therapy frequently uses which of the following techniques? a. empty chair b. free association
c. dream analysis
Associating objects that elicit an undesirable response with unpleasant or negative stimuli describes
the key principle ofa. systematic desensitizationb. aversive conditioningc. in vivo exposure
The development of which class of drugs revolutionized the treatment of schizophrenia? a. MAO
inhibitors b. phenothiazines c. serotonin-reuptake inhibitors
The first class of antipsychotics were the c. SSRI's d. phenothiazines e. minor tranquilizers
Iqbal and his therapist have fallen into treating each other in a father-son manner. The therapist has
started to react to Iqbal as if Iqbal was his son, while Iqbal plays out his troubled relationship with his
own father with the therapist. In this case, Iqbal is experiencing _____, while the therapist is
experiencing _____.c. countertransference; transference
d. transference; contertransference e. resistance; repression
In research reported in your text, an analysis of 400 controlled studies evaluating the effectiveness of
psychotherapy found that the average person receiving therapy did better than approximately what
percentage if people placed on waiting lists for therapy?c. 60%d.80%e. 93%
In finding mental health help, the text recommends all but which of the following?a. getting
recommendations from respected sourcesb. selecting a therapist from local advertisements
c. obtaining referrals from local medical or community health centers
Juan suffers from alcoholism and has not responded to other types of treatment. Juan's therapist
suggests aversive conditioning in which Juan will take a nausea-inducing drug at the same time he
sniffs beer. In this treatment strategy, the beer is the _____ during conditioning and the _____ after
conditioning. c. conditioned stimulus; neutral stimulus d. neutral stimulus; unconditioned stimuluse.
neutral stimulus; conditioned stimulus
Regarding the use of antidepressants, which of the following statements is FALSE?c. antidepressants
that target serotonin can help treat eating disorders like bulimiad. compared to tricyclics, SSRIs have
more severe side effects e. antidepressants are helpful in treating a variety of anxiety disorders.
_____ describes the social policy of redirecting the care of people with severe mental disorders from
state mental hospitals toward community-based treatment settings.c. Meta-analytic movementd.
Positive psychologye. Deinstitutionalization
Which of the following correctly describes the effects of deinstitutionalization?c. deinstitutionalization
has been predominantly a failure due to its overly aggressive outreach programs.d.

deinstitutionalization has been a mix of success and failure as many people have been helped but far
too many have not.e. deinstitutionalization has been predominantly successful since the vast majority
of mental patients are now receiving help in their community.
Regarding traditional psychoanalysis, which of the following statements is FALSE?b. Freud believed
that the ability to understand transference is essential to a client's success in psychoanalysis c.
Freud's techniques of free association, dream analysis, and interpretation are designed to help clients
repress negative aspects of their personalities
_____ is an empirically supported treatment for enuresis (bed-wetting) a. Interpersonal
psychotherapyb. Behavior therapyc. Humanistic, Gestalt therapy
According to Ellis, negative emotions are c. produced directly by life eventsd. the result of irrational
beliefs about life eventse. the logical result of overanalyzing one's life situations
Regarding prefrontal lobotomy, which of the following statements is FALSE? c. compared to this
technique, psychiatric drugs offer a less radical alternative to treating abnormal behavior.d. in this
technique, nerve pathways between the frontal lobe and lower brain centers are severed.e. This
technique was once used to treat extreme passivity or extreme aggressiveness.
Eclectic Therapistsc. are most often humanistic therapistsd. are more often psychiatrists than
psychologistse. integrate approaches from many different schools of therapy
Lakeisha has a snake phobia and decides to see a behavioral therapist. Her therapists suggests
systematic desensitization. What is the second step Lakeisha will take in her therapy?c. learning
realization techniques d. being in the same room as a snakee. developing a fear hierarchy for snakes
Vanessa feels an attachment toward her therapist and the therapy process. Vanessa's experience is
referred to as a. a specific factorb. countertransferencec. the therapeutic alliance
Which of the following is NOT a key idea from client-centered therapy?a. Conflicting parts of the
client's personality should be integrated into a functional whole.b. Psychological problems develop
from distorted self-conceptsc. Clients need a safe place in which to freely explore their feelings and
be themselves.
In finding mental health help, the text recommends all but which of the following? a. getting
recommendations from respected sourcesb. looking for an online therapistc. obtaining referrals from
local medical or community health centers
Shannon goes to a cognitive therapist that gives her the following assignment, "next time you have a
negative thought, investigate it to determine if it is valid." Based on this description, which therapeutic
technique is Shannon's therapist using?a. reality testingb. empathyc. empty chair
regarding clinical psychologists, which of the following statements is TRUE?a. clinical psychologists
are graduates of medical schoolb. in the majority of states in the US, clinical psychologists may
prescribe medicationsc. Clinical psychologists have passed a licensing exam.
Jewel takes an anti anxiety drug for the treatment of her panic disorder. She experiences a common
side effect from he treatment. Which side effect is Jewel most likely to experience?c. dry mouthd.
drowsinesse. muscular tremors
Which statements about locating a qualified mental health professional is untrue?d. A client should
ask a potential therapist about his/her professional background and experience treating people with
similar problemse. A client should not inquire about the specific therapeutic methods that will be used
because this will spoil their effects.
All but which of the following are reasons given in the text as to why racial and ethnic minorities have
less access to mental health care that the majority group? c. Their cultures have more of a stigma
relating to mental illnessd. there are fewer treatment providers in locations where more racial and
ethnic minorities reside.e. They are more likely to suffer from disorders that fall outside the range of
available treatments.
Learning desirable behavior by watching and imitating other is know as ______, and ______
pioneered the use if this technique to help people overcome phobias.c. modeling; Albert Ellisd.
transference; Albert Bandurae. modeling; Albert Bandura
Regarding behavioral therapy, which of the following statements is FALSE?a. aversive conditioning
uses principles of operant conditioning to help people extinguish undesirable behaviorsb. gradual
exposure can help people overcome specific phobias, social phobias, and post-traumatic stress
disorderc. behavior therapy is also referred to as behavior modification.
What is a primary disadvantage of the anti anxiety drug Valium?a. it can lead to psychological and
physiological dependence, and it can be deadly when mixed with alcohol.b. it is overused in the
treatment of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.c. its overuse suggests tat mental
health professionals are too eager to find quick fixes for complex problems.

Regarding the use of psychotropic drugs, which of the following statements is FALSE?a.
Antidepressant drugs bring complete symptom relief in most patients who take them.b.
Antidepressant use can increase the risk of suicidal behavior in children and adolescents.c.
Clozapine, a newer antipsychotic, appears to be at least as effective as earlier antipsychotics in the
treatment of schizophrenia, but has fewer side effects.
Phenothiazines would be used to treat which of the following people?a. Tobey, who has
schizophreniab. Kirsten, who has bulimiac. Sami, who has bipolar disorder
Which of the following is NOT a key idea from psychodynamic therapies? c. Childhood conflicts need
to be understood in light of the individual's adult personality.d. Therapy will help people develop their
unique potentials. e. psychological problems are rooted in conflicts of dating from childhood.
Regarding the effectiveness of psychotherapy, which of the following statements is FALSE?a. while
the majority of people benefit from therapy, some may deteriorateb. meta-analysis is a statistical
technique used to average the results across a large number of studies, and this technique has been
used to evaluate the effectiveness of therapy. c. the greatest improvements in therapy are typically
gained during the last few months of treatment.
Electroconvulsive shock therapy is effective in treatinga. schizophreniab. generalized anxiety
disorderc. severe depression
Antidepressants have therapeutic effects in treating all of the following EXCEPTc. social phobiad.
schizophreniae. depression
According to a psychoanalyst, anxiety results froma. unacceptable impulses that threaten to leak into
consciousnessb. the id's desire to meet the demands of the egoc. the id's desire to meet the demands
of the superego
all but which of the following are advantages of group therapy over individual therapy?c. those in
group therapy have the extra benefit of social support from the group.d. clients feel safer expressing
their feelings in a group settinge. group therapy is usually less costly than individual therapy.
Marjorie receives treatment for depression. In her treatment, Marjorie receives jolts of electricity
through her head. What is Marjorie's treatment?c. systematic desensitization d. psychosurgerye.
electroconvulsive therapy
Critics of deinstitutionalization complain that contemporary public mental hospitals are likec.
maximum-security jails, taking inmates in for life sentencesd. revolving doors, repeatedly admitting
patients and rapidly discharging them.e. "human snakebites", keeping patients in conditions that are
deplorable.
Dr. Stevenson just began a job treating Hispanic Americans in a rural clinic. An important cultural
considering for Stevenson to consider is the tendency for Hispanic American to a. be reserved in
display of emotionb. view the therapist as an authority figure c. place a strong emphasis on family
interdependency.
The Gestalt therapist Fritz Perls was most disillusioned with which aspect of psychoanalysis?a.
implied superiority of males over females b. emphasis on the client's early childhood experiences c.
lack of emphasis on the client's subjective experience in the present
Which of the following best describes the effectiveness of deinstitutionalization?c. has not been in
place long enough to evaluated. a mix of success and failure e. predominantly successful since most
patients are serviced by the community
A general term for any psychologically based form of treatment to help people better understand their
problems isa. psychoanalysisb. behavior modificationc. psychotherapy
Tricyclic antidepressants raise brain levels of neurotransmitters bya. increasing production of
neurotransmittersb. reducing breakdown of neurotransmittersc. interfering with the repute process
Psychoanalysts are typically which type of mental health professional?a. psychiatrists or
psychologistsb. clinical or psychiatric social workersc. psychiatric nurses
Common side effects of antidepressants area. muscle ache and drowsinessb. agitation and
aggressionc. sexual dysfunction and dry mouth
All but which of the following has limited the effectiveness of deinstitutionalization?a. the lack of
comprehensive community programsb. cracks in the system that leave patients to fend for
themselvesc. court decisions that reversed the policy of deinstitutionalization
Regarding electroconvulsive therapy, which of the following statements is FALSE?a. Through ECT
can relieve depression, no one is really sure how it worksb. before receiving ECT, patients are given
muscle relaxants and anesthesiac. for those who receive ECT, memories of events during the weeks
or months preceding and following the experience are very strong.
All but which of the following describes the practice of psychotherapy?a. involves a series of verbal
interactionsb. is limited to the treatment of individualsc. includes hundreds of different types

After Raymond described his dream to his therapist, efforts were made to figure out what the dream
meant, or its a. latent contentb. manifest contentc. represses content
Victor takes an antidepressant to cope with his depressive disorder. On which neurotransmitters is his
antidepressant likely to work?a. GABA and serotonin b. Serotonin and norepinephrine c.
Norepinephrine and dopamine
In behavioral therapy, another term for gradual exposure isa. countertransferenceb. token economyc.
in vivo exposure
Humanistic therapists emphasize all but which if the following?c. the clients conscious experienced.
free wille. irrational beliefs
Which of the following statements about the value of online therapy services today is untrue?c. there
is no system for ensuring that online therapists have the appropriate credentials to practiced. there is
no evidence that therapy can be effective when people interact with a therapist they have never met.
e. few psychologists believe that online therapy has any potential value
Carl Rogers is to _____ therapy as Fritz Perls is to _____ therapy.c. Gestalt; behaviorald. client-
centered; Gestalte. client-cetered; behavioral
Which of the following is NOT a feature of systematic desensitization?c. use of an incompatible
response to anxiety d. observing non-fearful subjects interact with fearful stimulie. imagining or
viewing fearful stimuli
Roger has been convicted of sexually assaulting several young children. In prison he undergoes
aversion therapy. He is presented with pictures of young children while receiving unpleasant electric
shocks. Eventually, pictures of young children become aversive stimuli. In this procedure, the electric
shocks are described as a. unconditioned stimulusb. conditioned stimulusc. conditioned response
Most of the antipsychotic drugs target which neurotransmitter?a. serotoninb. dopaminec.
acetylcholine
Meta-Analyses of the effectiveness of psychotherapy suggestc. humanistic therapy is generally the
most effective form of therapyd. there is little difference in the effectiveness of the different forms of
therapye. group therapy is generally the most effective form of therapy.
Regarding behavior therapy, which of the following is TRUE?c. it helps clients see how their past
conflicts affect their current behaviord. it is relatively brief, typically lasting only weeks or monthse. it
uses learning principles to help clients achieve a state of self-actualization
For which of her clients is behavioral therapist Dr. Williamson most likely to choose virtual therapy?a.
Lucy has a fear of public speakingb. Ricky has a fear of flying airplanes c. Ethel has a fear of riding
elevators
In client-centered therapy, the therapist demonstrates empathy when s/he a. completely accepts the
clientb. can distinguish between latent and manifest dream contentc. accurately mirrors the client's
experiences and feelings
Regarding cognitive therapies, which of the following statements is FALSE?c. cognitive therapies
focus more on what is happening in the present than on what happened in the pastd. clients are given
"homework assignments" in cognitive therapye. cognitive therapists believe that emotional problems
are caused by negative events and life experiences.
The majority of community-based mental health centers today would best be described as c.
understaffed, but well-fundedd. understaffed and underfundede. adequately meeting the mental
health needs of their respective communities
According to your text, all but which of the following are problems with using psychiatric drugs to treat
psychological disorders?c. relapses are common when patients stop taking drugsd. psychiatric drugs
carry risks of adverse side effectse. in the long run, psychiatric drugs are more expensive than
psychotherapy
Which type of therapy focuses on helping families focus on changing disruptive patterns of
communication and improving the ways in which members relate to each other?c. couples therapyd.
family therapye. behavioral modification
Behavior therapy focuses ona. changing thoughts to correspond to behaviorsb. helping clients
achieve self-actualizationc. changing maladaptive patterns of responding
Generalizing from research evidence, some forms of psychodynamic therapy are predicted to
produce good results in treating which of the following?a. schizophreniab. anorexiac. bulimia
Dr. Gomez is a Gestalt therapist. What would you expect to be the emphasis of his therapy session
with clients?c. changing maladaptive behaviors through systematic desensitization d. creating a warm
and accepting atmosphere fro clients to share their feelings e. integrating inner feelings into one's
conscious experience

Wanda's therapy involves directly confronting fearful stimuli, little by little, until her fear of the stimulus
is reduced or eliminated. Based on this description, which technique is Wanda's therapist utilizing?c.
modelingd. gradual exposuree. reconditioning
Minor tranquilizer drugs are also calledc. antipsychoticsd. tricyclicse. anti anxiety drugs
According to Carl Rogers, what are three important components of therapy?c. fear hierarchies,
gradual exposure, and systematic desensitization d. interpretation, dream analysis, and free
association e. empathy, genuineness, and unconditional positive regard
Which approach to therapy combines techniques like gradual exposure and modeling with efforts to
challenge and correct faulty thinking patterns?a. humanisticb. psychodynamicc. cognitive-behavioral
In a study reported in the text, which orientation was most often reported by a group of clinical and
counseling psychologists?a. eclecticb. gestaltc. cognitive-behavioral
The first form of psychodynamic therapy to be developed was c. humanisticd. psychoanalysise. client-
centered
Dr. Lau is a couple therapist. What is the most typical problem she is likely to target in treatment?a.
sexual dysfunctionsb. communication difficulties c. arguments about money
Gail suffers from bipolar disorder. Which drug is Gail's doctor likely to prescribe to help stabilize her
mood swings?a. thorazineb. prozac c. lithium
In psychoanalysis _______ describes blocking that occurs when the therapy touches upon anxiety -
evoking thoughts or feelings.a. resistanceb. resistanceb. transference
Of the following patients receiving treatment for depression, who is most likely to be a candidate for
electroconvulsive therapy?c. Courtney, who has a severe case of depression that seems to be
responding to drugs and cognitive-behavioral therapy d. Damien, who has a severed case of
depression that has not responded to other forms of treatment e. Edgar, who is suffering from
schizophrenia
Behavior therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapies have demonstrated impressive results in treating
all of the following EXCEPTc. bipolar disorderd. depressione. social anxiety disorder
All but which of the following describes the functions of the community-based mental heath centers?a.
crisis interventionb. protective living environments for long-term patients c. supervised residential
facilities
Psychotropic drugs are also known as _____ drugs. a. illicitb. psychological c. psychiatric
Which type of antidepressant has the lowest rate of severe side effects?a. SSRIsb. Minor
tranquilizersc. Tricyclics
Anticonvulsant drugs used to treat epilepsy have also proved useful in the treatment of a. bipolar
disorderb. attention deficit hyperactivity disorderc. phobias
Psychosurgery is sometimes used today to treat severe cases of c. generalized anxiety disorderd.
obsessive-compulsive disordere. conversion disorder
During which decade did the community health system begin to take shape in the United States? a.
1940sb. 1950sc. 1960s
As discussed in the text, a popular term often used to refer to psychotherapy is a. talk therapyb.
verbal therapyc. psychoanalysis
regarding psychotropic drugs, which of the following statements is FALSE?a. Scientists have
developed drugs that work on neurotransmitter irregularities that are involved in a wide range of
psychological disordersb. there are four major grouping =s of psychotropic drugs - anitanxiety,
antidepressant, antipsychotic, and antisomatic
Which of the following best describes the hope of the community-based care movement?a. that
promising psychotropic drugs could help people deal more effectively with psychological disordersb.
that mental patients could be reintegrated into society instead of being hospitalized for the long-termc.
that mental hospitals would reflect the value of their community.
All but which of the following mental health professionals are psychotherapists?c. Lisa, who works
from the humanistic perspectived. Frankie, who conducts therapy with groups using cognitive
techniques e. Vernon, who administers electroconvulsive therapy to people experiencing severe
depression.
The idea that irrational beliefs lead to emotional distress is at the core of which approach to
therapy?a. behavior therapyb. rational-emotive behavior therapy c. humanistic therapy
During a visit to his therapist, Ishmael was asked to begin talking about whatever was on his mind
even if ti seems trivial or irrelevant. This example describes c. countertransference d. free association
e. insight

Brooke goes to a Gestalt therapist. In her therapy, Brooke will probably be encouraged to a. analyze
early childhood traumasb. focus on how she if feeling in there here-and-nowc. suppress
uncomfortable feelings
In psychoanalysis, transference is whenc. the manifest content of dreams evolves into latent
contentd. the client begins actin toward the therapist in ways that mirror the client's conflict-ridden
relationships with otherse. the client transfers material from the unconscious mind to the conscious
mind.
Puge has just graduated from college as a clinical social worker. Which degree has Puge earned. c.
Ed.D.d. Ph.De. M.S.W.
According to Freud, the most important use of interpretation in psychoanalysis is a. developing strong
client skills in free associationb. helping clients understand the manifest content of their dreamsc.
analysis of there transference relationship
Rachel's psychoanalyst asked her to talk about what she had dreamed about the previous night. In
this case, Rachel is being asked about a. manifest content b. latent contentc. transfer content
All but which of the following describes the practice of psychotherapy? c. used to resolve behavioral
problemsd. involves the use of psychiatric drugs when needede. comprises many different types
All but which of the following people are demonstrating an irrational belief, according to Ellis?c.
Carmine believes that her past will invariably affect her and determine her behavior d. Dominic
believes that people must always treat him fairly, and it is horrible when they do note. Eduardo
believes that life's problems don't typically have clear and quick solutions
In the evaluation of different types of therapies, common characteristics of all types of therapy under
study are referred to as c. specific factors d. nonspecific factors e. placebos
In client-centered therapy, unconditional positive regard is a. the therapist's complete acceptance of
the client b. accepting the client only when s/he behaves acceptablyc. accepting the client only when
s/he approaches self-actualization
All but which of the following are examples of operant conditioning in behavioral therapy?c. Dr. Chang
develops a token economy for use with residents of a mental hospital d. Dr. Dorian uses a nausea-
inducing drug with his client Eduardo, who suffers from alcoholisme. Dr Eggleston teaches Edwina to
withdraw attention when her child misbehaves
Callie is participating in a behavior therapy method in which her therapist first teachers her relaxation
techniques. Based on this description, what is most likely to be Callie's therapy of choice? a. aversive
conditioningb. dream analysisc. systematic desensitization
Cognitive therapists such as Aaron Beck refer to errors in thinking as a. cognitive distortionsb. faulty
attributionsc. cognitive appraisals
Which of the following does NOT belong?c. prozac d. phenothiazine e. major tranquilizer
Computer technology has been used for a new form of exposure therapy calledc. virtual reality
therapyd. cybertherapye. online therapy
Regarding client-centered therapy, which of the following DOES NOT belong?a. nondirective b.
confrontationc. reflection
Therapies that are judged to have demonstrated effectiveness in scientifically based studies are
calledc. scientific therapiesd. meta-analyzed treatmentse. empirically supported treatments
In Freudian terms, the goal of psychoanalysis is to shine the light of the ________ on the unconscious
recesses of the _______. a. ego; idb. ego; superegoc. id; ego
In psychoanalysis, Hannah seems to hesitate when talking about her relationship with her father.
Hannah's hesitation may describe a. insight b. resistancec. transference
Which of the following DOES NOT belong?a. empty chair technique b. systematic desensitizationc.
modeling
During her clinical internship, psychology graduate student Veronica Wiza will conduct therapy
sessions with African American clients. An important consideration for Wiza to consider when treating
African Americans is theira. tendency toward open display of emotionsb. history, as a people, of racial
discrimination and oppressionc. willingness to share personal information
Dr. Thornton recognizes that people with this cultural background are more likely to emphasize
collective value than individualism. Dr. Thornton is most likely to be working with which ethnic
group?a. Latino Americansb. African Americansc. Asian Americans
Hugo has major depression. He might be treated with any of the following EXCEPTa. Tofranilb.
Xanaxc. Elavil
Dr. Melfi is a psychodynamic therapist. Therefore, we can predict she believes that restoring
psychological health involvesa. increasing efforts toward self-actualizationb. gaining insight into
unconscious psychological conflicts c. focusing on changing behavior

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