For a person to be in relative income poverty it means they are living in a household where the total household income from all sources is less than 60 per cent of the average UK household income (as given by the median).
3. People in social rented housing were more likely
to be in relative income poverty (after housing costs)
• 49 per cent of those living in social rented housing in Wales were in
relative income poverty between 2016-17 and 2018-19 (an average over
three financial years), after their housing costs such as mortgage interest
payments/rent and water rates were paid.
• This means they were living in a household where the total household
income was less than 60 per cent of the average UK household income (as
given by the median).
• In comparison, 41 per cent of people in privately rented housing and 13
per cent of people in owner occupied housing were in relative income
poverty after housing costs.
4. Percentage of people in each type of housing tenure in Wales,
who were living in relative income poverty (after housing
costs), 2016-17 to 2018-19
Source: Welsh Government Analysis of HBAI, Family Resources Survey, DWP
49
41
13
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Social Rented Private Rented Owner Occupied
5. • When considering all the people in Wales in relative income poverty
(700,000), most people lived in owner occupied housing (38 per cent)
closely followed by those living in social rented housing (34 per cent).
The people in Wales who were living in relative income poverty
(after housing costs), by housing tenure, 2016-17 to 2018-19
Source: Welsh Government Analysis of HBAI, Family Resources Survey, DWP
Thousands
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
2007-08
to 2009-
10
2008-09
to 2010-
11
2009-10
to 2011-
12
2010-11
to 2012-
13
2011-12
to 2013-
14
2012-13
to 2014-
15
2013-14
to 2015-
16
2014-15
to 2016-
17
2015-16
to 2017-
18
2016-17
to 2018-
19
Owner Occupied
Social Rented
Private Rented
7. Most children living in relative income poverty
were living in working households
• In the latest period (2016-17 to 2018-19), 68 per cent of
children who were living in relative income poverty lived in
households where at least one person was in work. This
has increased for the last four periods from 60 per cent in
the period 2012-13 to 2014-15.
• In fact, about the same proportion of children living in relative
income poverty lived in households where all adults were
working compared with where one adult but not all adults
were working.
8. The children in Wales who were living in relative income poverty
(after housing costs), by economic status of household,
three-financial-year averages
Source: Welsh Government Analysis of HBAI, Family Resources Survey, DWP
Percentage
21 23 19 21 24
30 33 31 32 35
29
31 39
42 37
30 28 33 35
34
50 46 42
37 40 40 39 36 33 32
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
2007 to
2010
2008 to
2011
2009 to
2012
2010 to
2013
2011 to
2014
2012 to
2015
2013 to
2016
2014 to
2017
2015 to
2018
2016 to
2019
Workless households
At least one adult in work, but not
all
All adults in work
9. • When considering all children in Wales, the likelihood of being in relative
income poverty is much greater, and the gap is increasing for those living in
a workless household compared to living in a working household (where at
least one of the adults was in work).
• 77 per cent of children living in a workless household were in relative
income poverty compared to 22 per cent living in a working household in
2016-17 to 2018-19.
• Within working households, there is also a marked difference between the
likelihood of poverty for children in households where all adults work (15 per
cent) compared to households where some (but not all) adults work (39 per
cent), in 2016-17 to 2018-19
Over three quarters of children in workless households
were living in relative income poverty
10. For working-age adults, living with people who work
reduces the likelihood of living in relative income
poverty
• Between 2016-17 and 2018-19, working-age adults who lived in households
where no-one worked were over 7 times more likely to live in relative income
poverty than those who lived in households where everyone worked full-time.
• However there were still an estimated 50,000 working-age adults in relative
income poverty despite living in households where everyone worked full-time.
• Living in a household where there is a second earner reduces the likelihood of
being in relative income poverty whether that earner works part time or full time.
• In households where at least one working-age adult works full time, the
likelihood of being in relative income poverty is similar for households where the
second earner is full time (7 per cent ) compared to those where the second
earner is part time (9 per cent).
11. Percentage of working-age adults in each household employment
type in Wales, who were living in relative income poverty (after
housing costs), 2016-17 to 2018-19
Source: Welsh Government Analysis of HBAI, Family Resources Survey, DWP
Percentage
7
9
2828
33
50
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
All full timeCouple - one full
time, one part time
Couple - one full
time, one not
working
No full time, one or
more part time
One or more self
employed
All workless
12. The likelihood of being in relative income poverty has
been increasing for those living in a household where
someone is self-employed in recent years
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
2007 to
2010
2008 to
2011
2009 to
2012
2010 to
2013
2011 to
2014
2012 to
2015
2013 to
2016
2014 to
2017
2015 to
2018
2016 to
2019
Source: Welsh Government Analysis of HBAI, Family Resources Survey, DWP
%
When considering all working age people living in relative income poverty, 16 per cent now
come from households where at least one person is self-employed. This has risen from 10 per
cent in the three year period ending in 2013/14.