Empowering Africa's Next Generation: The AI Leadership Blueprint
INIAD Talk City Of Tomorrow
1. Bern University of Applied Sciences | Institute Public Sector TransformationBerner Fachhochschule | Haute école spécialisée bernoise | Bern University of Applied Sciences | ベルン応用科学大学
The City of Tomorrow:
Open. Participatory. Resilient
Prof. Stephan Haller, Institute Public Sector Transformation
Image:pxhere,asawin
2. Bern University of Applied Sciences | Institute Public Sector Transformation
▶ Current Position
▶ Professor at the Institute Public Sector Transformation of the
Bern University of Applied Sciences (BFH)
▶ Head of the thematic focus area Buildings & Cities of the BFH Center Digital Society
▶ Teaching: E-Government, Project Management. Enterprise Architecture
▶ Research: Linked Open Data, Internet of Things, Smart Cities
▶ Experience
▶ > 25 years industrial ICT Research and Development (IoT since 1998)
▶ > 15 years project management of international ICT projects
▶ > 7 years R&D strategy definition
▶ Working experience in 3 countries:
Japan (7 years, Matsushita, SAP), Germany (5 years, SAP) and Switzerland (Swissair, SAP, Vigience, BFH)
▶ Master Degree in Computer Science from the ETH Zurich
Stephan Haller
stephan.haller@bfh.ch
3. Bern University of Applied Sciences | Institute Public Sector Transformation
Organisation of the Business School of BFH
公共部門改革研究所
4. Bern University of Applied Sciences | Institute Public Sector Transformation
Open. Participatory. Resilient.
https://de.wikipedia.org
BFHWirtschaft
Direct Democracy 4.0 is an
open, participatory and digital democracy.
At the core is the maximization of
Public Value.
5. Bern University of Applied Sciences | Institute Public Sector Transformation
Public officials and politicians have different goals
than leaders in the private sector
Types of public value (Harrison et al. 2011)
▶ Financial
▶ Political
▶ Social
▶ Strategic
▶ Ideological
▶ Stewardship
Public Value
5
Public Value
in Digital
Government
Efficiency
Service
Access
Choice &
Open-
ness
Citizen
Satis-
faction
Service
Delivery
Trust
Service
Quality
Inform.
Quality
Social
Out-
comes
Transpa-
rency
Source: based on Puron-Cid 2017
6. Bern University of Applied Sciences | Institute Public Sector Transformation
Open. Participatory. Resilient.
That's how we imagine the public sector.
And this is what we are committed to – with practical teaching and
continuing education, as well as with application-oriented research.
Our recipe for success:
▶ Think globally, act locally
▶ Bridging between different domains of expertise
▶ Multidisciplinary team well connected in science, practice and relevant
communities.
Our focus areas:
▶ Digital Democracy
▶ Data and Infrastructure
▶ Innovation.
Institute Public Sector Transformation
designed door Starline - Freepik.com
7. Bern University of Applied Sciences | Institute Public Sector Transformation
Public Value at the Core: Topic-oriented, multi-stakeholder
approach
• Digitalisation monitoring
for 2019 elections
• AI/ML in political decision
making
…
Digital Democracy
• The Once-Only Project
• Smart City
• Memory institutions
• Linked & Open Data
…
Data & Infrastructure
• Communal monitoring
• Chatbot Directorate of
Education
…
Innovation
8. Bern University of Applied Sciences | Institute Public Sector Transformation
Maturity Model Public Sector Transformation
(based on Wirtz & Daiser 2017)
Together
Alone
Information
(Presence)
Web, Search, etc.
Interaction
(Communication)
Forms, Contacts, etc.
Transaction
Business Processes
Integration
(Interconnectedness)
Interoperable Services (G2x)
Integration
Complexity
organisational
technical
(Legally) Mandatory Information
Additional Information
Dynamic Communication
Automated Communication
Partially transactional
Fully transactional
Public Innovation
Public Participation
Public Collaboration / Co-Production
9. Bern University of Applied Sciences | Institute Public Sector Transformation
Public Sector Innovation: Facets (OECD 2019)
Source:https://trends.oecd-opsi.org/embracing-innovation-in-government-global-trends-2019.pdf
https://oecd-opsi.org/projects/innovation-facets/
10. Bern University of Applied Sciences | Institute Public Sector Transformation
1. Invisible to Visible
2. Opening Doors
3. Machine-Readable World
Public Sector Innovation: New Trends (OECD 2019)
Source:https://trends.oecd-opsi.org/embracing-innovation-in-government-global-trends-2019.pdf
11. Bern University of Applied Sciences | Institute Public Sector Transformation
1. Invisible to Visible
2. Opening Doors
3. Machine-Readable World
Public Sector Innovation: New Trends (OECD 2019)
Source:https://trends.oecd-opsi.org/embracing-innovation-in-government-global-trends-2019.pdf
12. Bern University of Applied Sciences | Institute Public Sector Transformation
1. Invisible to Visible
2. Opening Doors
3. Machine-Readable World
Public Sector Innovation: New Trends (OECD 2019)
Source:https://trends.oecd-opsi.org/embracing-innovation-in-government-global-trends-2019.pdf
13. Bern University of Applied Sciences | Institute Public Sector Transformation
The Urban Space as a Transformation Pioneer
Many societal problems manifest
themselves in the urban space first –
Resilience is needed
▶ By 2030, 60% of all people will live in
cities
▶ Cities consume 75% of all resources
▶ Cities are responsible for 80% of
greenhouse gases
Cities provide a good environment to
start transformation processes
▶ Innovative environment - people and
companies
▶ Existing infrastructures (networks, open
data, start-up promotion, etc.)
«How can we support cities in their transformation
process and in generating public value?»
Images: Flickr (Water and Air, Nguyen Tan Tin)
14. Bern University of Applied Sciences | Institute Public Sector Transformation
Vision…
14Images: Smart City Nansha, ISA Internationales
Stadtbauatelier, Wikimedia Commons;
15. Bern University of Applied Sciences | Institute Public Sector Transformation
Vision…
15Images: Smart City Nansha, ISA Internationales
Stadtbauatelier, Wikimedia Commons;
Village Exotica
16. Bern University of Applied Sciences | Institute Public Sector Transformation
… or Nightmare?
16
Images: CBS News;
Nanjin Transport Police's public Weibo post;
ABC Australia
17. Bern University of Applied Sciences | Institute Public Sector Transformation
Smart City Definitions
„A city to be smart when investments in human and social capital and
traditional (transport) and modern (ICT) communication infrastructure
fuel sustainable economic growth and a high quality of life, with a wise
management of natural resources, through participatory governance”
Caragliu et al., 2011
„A smart city is a well-defined geographical area, in which high
technologies such as ICT, logistic, energy production, and so on,
cooperate to create benefits for citizens in terms of well-being,
inclusion and participation, environmental quality, intelligent
development; it is governed by a well-defined pool of subjects, able to
state the rules and policy for the city government and development”
Dameri, 2013
„A smart sustainable city is an innovative city
that uses information and communication
technologies (ICTs) and other means to improve
quality of life, efficiency of urban operations and
services, and competitiveness, while ensuring
that it meets the needs of present and future
generations with respect to economic, social,
environmental as well as cultural aspects.”
ITU-T, 2016
„Eine Smart City bietet ihren Bewohnern maximale Lebensqualität bei minimalem
Ressourcenverbrauch dank einer intelligenten Verknüpfung von Infrastruktursystemen (Transport,
Energie, Kommunikation, etc.) auf unterschiedlichen hierarchischen Stufen (Gebäude, Quartier,
Stadt).
"Intelligent" ist in diesem Zusammenhang nicht automatisch mit "IT" gleichzusetzen. Bei ähnlicher
Performance sind passive oder selbstregulierende Mechanismen den aktiv geregelten Ansätzen
vorzuziehen.”
P. Richner, EMPA / IG Smart City Schweiz
17
18. Bern University of Applied Sciences | Institute Public Sector Transformation
Smart City: Why?
18
Sources: based on Gil-Garcia et al. 2015, Griffinger et al. 2007
Smart
Environment
Environment and ecologic sustainability
Built environment and urban infrastructure
Natural resources and mobility
SmartSociety
Social and educational capital
Social and ethnic plurality
Flexibility and creativity
Openness and engagement
Smart Economy
Competitiveness and spirit of innovation
Entrepreneurship – networking and flexibility
Economic image and brand
Smart
Government
Institutional structure
Transparency and quality
Collaborative services
Participatory decisions
Smart
City
19. Bern University of Applied Sciences | Institute Public Sector Transformation
Do you need a Smart City Strategy?
Example: Zürich
Source: City of Zurich
20. Bern University of Applied Sciences | Institute Public Sector Transformation
Toolbox for City Developers
Smart City Strategy Framework
20
Smart
City
• Population
• Development Stage
• Political System
• Education Level
• Pressures
City Context
• Governance Model
• Citizen Involvement
• Motivation
• City Role
• Process Responsibility
• Business Sector Development
• Approach
• Regional Cooperation
Governance
• Implementation Model
• Application Domains
• Performance Measures
Implementation
• Data Infrastructure
• Networking Infra. (WLAN, IoT)
• Cloud Infrastructure
Infrastructure
Smart
City
Source:HallerS,NeuroniA,FraefelM,andSakamuraK(2018):PerspectivesonSmartCities
Strategies:SketchingaFrameworkandTestingFirstUses.InProceedingsof19thAnnual
InternationalConferenceonDigitalGovernmentResearch(dg.o’18),AnnekeZuiderwijkAand
HinnantC(Eds.).ACM,NewYork,NY,USA,Article4,9pages.
21. Bern University of Applied Sciences | Institute Public Sector Transformation
Key Learning
Successful digital transformation rests on 5 pillars
Data
for fact-based
decisions
Inter-
connection
People, machines,
ideas
Openness
Open digital city
culture and
willingness to
learn
Innovation
Policies
Fostering of
creativity and
innovation
Participation
Population, public
authorities,
economic sector
Images: Wikimedia Commons (Ryoji Ikeda, Günther Herrler), pixabay (rihaji,
reinery), Publicdomainpictures (George Hodan)
22. Bern University of Applied Sciences | Institute Public Sector Transformation
Openness and Participation go Hand in Hand
Data
for fact-based
decisions
Inter-
connection
People, machines,
ideas
Openness
Open digital city
culture and
willingness to
learn
Innovation
Policies
Fostering of
creativity and
innovation
Participation
Population, public
authorities,
economic sector
Images: Wikimedia Commons (Ryoji Ikeda, Günther Herrler), pixabay (rihaji,
reinery), Publicdomainpictures (George Hodan)
23. Bern University of Applied Sciences | Institute Public Sector Transformation
▶ Information Transparency
• Freedom of Information
(focus on access to government information)
• Open Data
(focus on re-usability of government
information & data from a legal and
technical perspective)
▶ Public Engagement (enhanced by technological advances)
• Participation
• Collaboration
• Innovation
(User Innovation, Co-Creation, etc.)
▶ Accountability
What is Open Government?
For an overview of various definitions of Open Government, refer to: http://thegovlab.org/open-government-whats-in-a-name/
Tallin Declaration, see: https://ec.europa.eu/newsroom/document.cfm?doc_id=47559
24. Bern University of Applied Sciences | Institute Public Sector Transformation
What is the Open Data?
24
«Open data is data that can be freely used, re-
used and redistributed by anyone - subject only,
at most, to the requirement to attribute and
sharealike."
Availability and Access
The data must be available as a whole and at no more than a reasonable reproduction cost, preferably by downloading over the internet. The
data must also be available in a convenient and modifiable form.
Re-use and Redistribution:
The data must be provided under terms that permit re-use and redistribution including the intermixing with other datasets.
Universal Participation
Everyone must be able to use, re-use and redistribute - there should be no discrimination against fields of endeavour or against persons or
groups. For example, ‘non-commercial’ restrictions that would prevent ‘commercial’ use, or restrictions of use for certain purposes (e.g. only in
education), are not allowed.(CC-0, CC-BY, CC-BY-SA)
Source: Open Knowledge International
25. Bern University of Applied Sciences | Institute Public Sector Transformation
Many Cities have Open Data Portals
… in fact, most Smart Cities do
25
26. Bern University of Applied Sciences | Institute Public Sector Transformation
Effecting Transformation & Innovation
Top-Down
▶ Traditional approach
▶ Often slow
▶ No failures accepted
Bottom-Up
26
▶ Co-Creation, building
on knowledge,
engagement and true
needs of citizens
▶ Fast
▶ Fail to learn
Typical Instruments
➜ Citizen Fora
➜ Hackathons
➜ Community Platforms
➜ Business Incubation Services
➜ …
27. Bern University of Applied Sciences | Institute Public Sector Transformation
▶ First edition held Dec. 17 – May 18,
approx. 100 submissions
▶ Now running in its 3rd edition
Example
28. Bern University of Applied Sciences | Institute Public Sector TransformationSource: https://tokyochallenge.odpt.org/index.html
29. Bern University of Applied Sciences | Institute Public Sector Transformation
Typical Journey for Smart Cities?
Source: L. Horvath, 2019,
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/smart-city-5-steps-process-laurent-horvath/
30. Bern University of Applied Sciences | Institute Public Sector Transformation
▶ Cities need to learn from each other
▶ What works, what doesn’t…
▶ Needs
▶ Focus on public value, not technology
▶ Standardisation and interoperability
▶ The project conducted 3 open city workshops
▶ 2 in Tokyo, co-located with the TRON Symposium
▶ 1 in Bilbao, as part of IoT Week
▶ Cooperation with OASC (Open & Agile Smart Cities)
Connecting Cities
31. Bern University of Applied Sciences | Institute Public Sector Transformation
Goal
Create an open Smart City Market based on the
needs of cities and communities
Involved Cities
▶ 133 cities from 26 countries and regions in Europe
(110), Latin America (18) and Asia-Pacific (5)
Approach
▶ Experience exchange between cities
▶ Minimum interoperability mechanisms (MIM)
Open & Agile Smart Cities (OASC)
32. Bern University of Applied Sciences | Institute Public Sector Transformation
Minimum Interoperability Mechanisms (MIM)
Source:OASC2019,Annex1:MinimalInteroperabilityMechanisms(MIMs)
https://oascities.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/OASC-MIMs-1.pdf
Legacy System
MIM 1
MIM 2
MIM 3
Context Management API
OASC Data Models
Integrating with Marketplace
ETSI NGSI-LD API , OMA
NGSI, ITU- T SG20/FG-DPM
[FIWARE NGSI]
SAREF, FIWARE, GSMA,
schema.org, SynchroniCity
RZ + partner data models
TM Forum Business Ecosystem
API, FIWARE Business Ecosystem
and Marketplace Enabler API,
SynchroniCity API
33. Bern University of Applied Sciences | Institute Public Sector Transformation
▶ Main Swiss Cities of the German
Part are involved
▶ Sharing of information,
experiences and technology
Smart City Hub Switzerland
Source: Smart City Hub, https://www.smartcityhub.ch/
34. Bern University of Applied Sciences | Institute Public Sector Transformation
Space for testing ideas, prototypes and services in
the areas of mobility, logistics and more
▶ Operated by the Swiss Railways on a former freight yard
Example: Basel Smart City Lab
Source: Smart City Lab Basel, https://smartcitylabbasel.ch/
35. Bern University of Applied Sciences | Institute Public Sector Transformation
Different Smart City Applications
Themes in Amsterdam Categories in Vienna
35
Sources: Amsterdam Smart City; Cohen 2014; Griffinger al. 2007; Haller 2019; Smart City WIen
Energy
Mobility
Circular City
Governance & Education
Citizens & Living
Smart City Academy
Digital City
Buildings / Health /
Social Affairs
Environment / Energy
Location
Mobility
Digital
Education
Innovation
36. Bern University of Applied Sciences | Institute Public Sector Transformation
β
Implementation Models
Start with single
application, expand
from there
Example(s)
▶ Sapporo
▶ Winterthur
▶ Yokosuka
Platform as a basis
for all Smart City
applications
Example(s)
▶ Vienna
▶ Murcia
Enable different
stakeholders to try and
test different applications
Example(s)
▶ Amsterdam
Anchor Platform Beta-city
Source:JeremyGreen.2016.TheSmartCityPlaybook:
smart,safe,sustainable:StrategyReport.
TechnicalReport.MachinaResearch.
37. Bern University of Applied Sciences | Institute Public Sector Transformation
▶ Community-Management rather than project management
Example of a Smart City Community Platform
Source: Amsterdam Smart City, https://amsterdamsmartcity.com/
37
38. Bern University of Applied Sciences | Institute Public Sector Transformation
Recommended Reading
Study from Amsterdam –
One of Europe’s leading Smart Cities
Willem van Winden, Inge Oskam, Daniel van
den Buuse, Wieke Schrama, Egbert-Jan van
Dijck (2016). Organising Smart City Projects
– Lessons from Amsterdam, Amsterdam
University of Applied Sciences.
39. Bern University of Applied Sciences | Institute Public Sector Transformation
Data as a key driver
Data
for fact-based
decisions
Inter-
connection
People, machines,
ideas
Openness
Open digital city
culture and
willingness to
learn
Innovation
Policies
Fostering of
creativity and
innovation
Participation
Population, public
authorities,
economic sector
Images: Wikimedia Commons (Ryoji Ikeda, Günther Herrler), pixabay (rihaji,
reinery), Publicdomainpictures (George Hodan)
40. Bern University of Applied Sciences | Institute Public Sector Transformation
Value Chain of Smart City Applications
40
Adapted from (Porter, 1985) and (Laaboudi, D'Ouezzan 2016)
Core
Elements
Supporting
Activities
41. Bern University of Applied Sciences | Institute Public Sector Transformation
What is the Internet of Things?
41
«Linking the real physical world with the virtual
world of the Internet»
Related Terms
Cyber-Physical Systems
Ubiquitous Computing
Pervasive Computing
M2M
Ambient Intelligence
...
42. Bern University of Applied Sciences | Institute Public Sector Transformation
What is the «Thing»?
42
Entity of InterestDevice
or
43. Bern University of Applied Sciences | Institute Public Sector Transformation
Example IoT Infrastructure
The Things Network
▶ Community-based effort to build communication infrastructure
▶ Technology: LoRaWAN
▶ Long range - multiple kilometers (world record 201 km)
▶ Low power - can last months (or even years) on a battery
▶ Low cost - less than 20€ CAPEX per node, almost no OPEX
▶ Low bandwidth - something like 400 bytes per hour
▶ Secure - 128bit end-to-end encryptedLoRaWAN
▶ Commercial LoRaWAN /LPWAN offerings also availble
43
Images: The Things Network
Gateway
End Node
44. Bern University of Applied Sciences | Institute Public Sector Transformation
The Things Network: Coverage Amsterdam
44
Source: The Things Network, https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/community/
45. Bern University of Applied Sciences | Institute Public Sector Transformation
Examples of Smart City Sensors
45
Smart Lighting Pole, Wädenswil, Switzerland Smart Parking Sensors, Barcelona, Spain
Smart Garbage Bins, New York, USA
46. Bern University of Applied Sciences | Institute Public Sector Transformation
Four Perspectives of a National Data Infrastructure
46
Base Registers
authentic data
interoperability of data
sharing of government data
Open Data
open data formats
open access to data
free re-use of data
Big Data
linkage of data from a variety of sources
high volume and velocity of data
data analytics
My Data
ownership of personal data
access to personal data
sharing of personal data
National
Data Infrastructure
Components
Coordination
Collaboration
47. Bern University of Applied Sciences | Institute Public Sector Transformation
MyData
X
Individual / Data Subject
MyData
Operator
Data
Source
Data-using
Service
Consent Flow
Data Flow
Source: Adapted from Kuikkaniemi, K., Poikola, A., & Honko, H. (2015).
MyData A Nordic Model for human-centered personal data management and processing.
48. Bern University of Applied Sciences | Institute Public Sector Transformation
Example Implementation: Personal Data Stores
Source: Tanaka, K. (2017).
Initiatives to revitalize regional economies by advancing “OMOTENASHI” — Hospitality offered to foreign visitors to Japan. NEC Technical Journal, Vol.13 No.1
49. Bern University of Applied Sciences | Institute Public Sector Transformation
Interconnection on technical level
Networks, Platforms, Interoperability
Data
for fact-based
decisions
Inter-
connection
People, machines,
ideas
Openness
Open digital city
culture and
willingness to
learn
Innovation
Policies
Fostering of
creativity and
innovation
Participation
Population, public
authorities,
economic sector
Images: Wikimedia Commons (Ryoji Ikeda, Günther Herrler), pixabay (rihaji,
reinery), Publicdomainpictures (George Hodan)
50. Bern University of Applied Sciences | Institute Public Sector Transformation
Smart City: Siloed Applications?
50
Application A
Network A
Devices A
Application B
Network B
Devices B
Application C
Network C
Devices C
Application D
Network D
Devices D
51. Bern University of Applied Sciences | Institute Public Sector Transformation
Connecting Technologies: Smart City Platform
52. Bern University of Applied Sciences | Institute Public Sector Transformation
Smart City Platform Federation
53. Bern University of Applied Sciences | Institute Public Sector Transformation
City Dashboard Example: Murcia, Spain
54
Source: http://mapamurcia.inf.um.es/
54. Bern University of Applied Sciences | Institute Public Sector Transformation
Example Smart City Platform Implementation
55
Source: City of Vienna
55. Bern University of Applied Sciences | Institute Public Sector Transformation
City Dashboard Example: Vienna, Austria
56
Source: https://smartdata.wien/iot/
56. Bern University of Applied Sciences | Institute Public Sector Transformation
City Dashboard Example: Santander, Spain
57
Source: http://maps.smartsantander.eu/
57. Bern University of Applied Sciences | Institute Public Sector Transformation
City Dashboard Example: Darmstadt, Germany
58
Source: The Urban Institute [ui!], https://www.informatik.tu-darmstadt.de/media/telekooperation/teaching_5/vorlesungsmaterialien/materialien_ucg/Ubicomp-Biz-2017-Part-II-LH.pdf
58. Bern University of Applied Sciences | Institute Public Sector Transformation
Open.Participatory.Resilient - The Smart City
スマートシティ・ダイバシティ・セーフシティ
Bild:pxhere,asawin
Projekt «Staat der Zukunft» 18/19 ¦ Tabea Schär
Ein Studierendenprojekt der Hochschule der Künste Bern HKB in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Departement Wirtschaft der BFH
59. Bern University of Applied Sciences | Institute Public Sector Transformation
No Smart City Lift-off Smart
City
Minimum
Smart City
Integrated
Smart City
Established
Smart City
Learning
Smart City
Vision / Political
commitment
Strategy &
project plan
Smart City
Culture
Pilot projects
Isolated Smart
City projects
Programs across
application
domains
Integrated
programs across
all application
domains
Self-learning,
adaptive Smart
City
Analysis of
current situation
and requirements
(structures,
ressources,
processes)
Involvement of
key
stakeholders
Benchmarking
Isolated
business cases
Business cases
across all
application
domains
Smart City Maturity Model
Sources:AdaptedfromJaekel,2016&ZHAW/Hivemind,2018,
https://issuu.com/prestigemedia/docs/_bundesrundschau_2_2018_gesamt
Time
SmartCityMaturity
60. Bern University of Applied Sciences | Institute Public Sector Transformation
A city should ask itself:
▶ What is the motivation to do something in the smart city area? What challenges
and opportunities exist?
▶ Where is the public value?
▶ What strategy should be pursued?
▶ What is the role of the city and what is the implementation model?
▶ How can you scale up?
Concluding Remarks
61. Bern University of Applied Sciences | Institute Public Sector Transformation
▶ Smart City is about more than equipping the city with technology (Internet of
Things, sensors)
▶ It is about quality of life, addressing social, ecological and economic challenges
as well as the city's capacity for transformation «Resilient City» as a new
buzzword
▶ Open data, openness to exchange experiences with others and participatory
approaches, experimentation and a dynamic economic environment are
important to exploit the city’s innovation capacities
Summary
62
62. Bern University of Applied Sciences | Institute Public Sector Transformation
Smart City as a Process …
63. Bern University of Applied Sciences | Institute Public Sector Transformation
ありがとう!Gracias Mulțumesc 謝謝 Paldies Eskerrik asko Dziękuję Mahalo תודהGo raibh
maith agat спасибо Grazzi आभारी Xin cảm ơn 감사합니다 நன்றி Köszönöm ﻣﺮﺳﻲ
Ndiyabulela Grazia Tak Благодаря Aitäh Terima kasih Děkuji Teşekkür ederim Asante
Diolch ﺷﻜﺮا Takk Ďakujem Gràcies Kiitos Obrigado Ngiyabonga Þakka þér Grazas
Tapadh leibh ขอบคุณ Faleminderit Thanks Danke
Ačiū Merci Grazie Hvala Ευχαριστώ Dankon Tack Dank je Grazcha
stephan.haller@bfh.ch
https://www.slideshare.net/StephanHaller/iniad-talk-city-of-tomorrow
64. Bern University of Applied Sciences | Institute Public Sector Transformation
▶ Cohen B (2014): The Smartest Cities In The World 2015: Methodology. https://www.fast-company.com/3038818/the-smartest-cities-in-the-world-2015-methodology
▶ Fraefel M, Haller S, and Gschwend A (2017): Big Data in the Public Sector. Linking Cities to Sensors, In 16th IFIP Electronic Government (EGOV) and 9th Electronic
Participation (ePart) Conference, September 2017.
▶ Gil-Garcia J R, Pardo T A, and Nam T (2015): What makes a city smart? Identifying core components and proposing an integrative and comprehensive conceptualization,
Information Polity 2015, 20, 1: 61–87.
▶ Griffinger R, Fertner C, Kramar H, Kalasek R, Pichler-Milanović N, and Meijers E (2007): Smart cities: Ranking of European medium-sized cities, Final Report, Centre of
Regional Science, Vienna UT.
▶ Haller S, Neuroni A, Fraefel M, and Sakamura K (2018): Perspectives on Smart Cities Strategies: Sketching a Framework and Testing First Uses. In Proceedings of 19th
Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research (dg.o’18), Anneke Zuiderwijk A and Hinnant C (Eds.). ACM, New York, NY, USA, Article 4, 9 pages.
▶ Haller S (2019) Smart Cities and Regions: Die digitale Transformation in der Stadtentwicklung und E-Government. In: Stember J., Eixelsberger W., Neuroni A., Spichiger
A., Habbel FR., Wundara M. (eds) Handbuch E-Government. Springer Gabler, Wiesbaden
▶ Harrison T M, Guerrero S, Burke G B, Cook M, Cresswell A, Helbig N, Hrdinová J, and Pardo T (2011): Open government and e-government: democratic challenges from a
public value perspective. In Proceedings of the 12th Annual International Digital Government Research Conference Digital Government Innovation in Challenging Times,
June 2011.
▶ Laaboudi K, and D’Ouezzan S (2016): White Pater: Smart City Value Chain, available from: http://www.e-madina.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/White-Paper-e-
Madina-3.0-Value-Chain-of-Smart-cities.pdf.
▶ Lee G, Kwak Y H (2011): Open government implementation model: a stage model for achieving increased public engagement, Proceedings of the 12th Annual
International Digital Government Research Conference: Digital Government Innovation in Challenging Times, ACM (pp. 254-261).
▶ Porter M E (2014): Wettbewerbsvorteile: Spitzenleistungen erreichen und behaupten = (Competitive Advantage), 8th ed. Frankfurt am Main: Campus-Verlag, 2014.
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