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© 2016 by Stephen Fleming. Images from public domain or fair use.
Back to the Moon
Stephen Fleming
stephenfleming@gmail.com
@stephenfleming
9/3/2016 Back to the Moon
Augustine Committee, 2009
“The Committee
concludes that the
ultimate goal of
human exploration is
to chart a path for
human expansion into
the solar system.”
2
9/3/2016 Back to the Moon
Augustine Committee, 2009
“Humanity should
become a spacefaring
civilization… If that is
not the point of
human spaceflight,
what the hell are we
doing?”
— Chris Chyba, Princeton
3
9/3/2016 Back to the Moon
We Went to the Moon Too Early
4
...in the wrong way...
...for the wrong reasons...
…and we never went back!
9/3/2016 Back to the Moon
What Happened to Human Flight?
5
1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 …
Wright Flyer
Junkers J-1
First all-metal airplane
DC-3
Me 262
First jet airplane
First supersonic flight
Sputnik I
Apollo 11
Yuri Gagarin
Last
Apollo
Mission
First
Shuttle
Launch
ISS Continuously Occupied
First private
launch to ISS
9/3/2016 Back to the Moon
What Happened to Human Flight?
6
1910 1920 1930 1950 1960 1980 1990 2000 2020 …
Wright Flyer First supersonic flight
44 years
From first flight to
breaking the
sound barrier.
44 years
From the last Moon
landing to… going
around in circles.
Now
Last Apollo Mission
1900 1940 1970 2010
9/3/2016 Back to the Moon
Earth-Moon System (to scale)
7
240,000 Miles
9/3/2016 Back to the Moon
ISS Orbit (to scale)
8
8000 Miles
250 Miles
9/3/2016 Back to the Moon
No Humans Past LEO since 1972
9
We’ve been going
around in circles
in Low Earth Orbit
for 44 years.
9/3/2016 Back to the Moon
Even Moses Only Wandered 40 Years!
10
9/3/2016 Back to the Moon 11
What
happened?
9/3/2016 Back to the Moon
Where Did We Go Wrong?
“First, I believe that this nation
should commit itself to
achieving the goal, before this
decade is out, of landing a
man on the Moon and
returning him safely to the
Earth. No single space project
in this period will be more
impressive to mankind, or
more important for the 

long-range exploration of
space; and none will be so
difficult or expensive to
accomplish.”
—Pres. Kennedy, May 1961
12
9/3/2016 Back to the Moon
Where Did We Go Wrong?
“First, I believe that this nation
should commit itself to
achieving the goal, before this
decade is out, of landing a
man on the Moon and
returning him safely to the
Earth. No single space project
in this period will be more
impressive to mankind, or
more important for the 

long-range exploration of
space; and none will be so
difficult or expensive to
accomplish.”
—Pres. Kennedy, May 1961
13
9/3/2016 Back to the Moon
Decision Made: Flags and Footprints
14
From Day One—not a model which could get
traction on Wall Street!
Forty years later,
what remains of the
Moon missions?
Zero presence.
Zero industry.
Zero infrastructure.
Zero economic value.
9/3/2016 Back to the Moon 15
What if we tried
something
different this time?
9/3/2016 Back to the Moon
Vision for Space Exploration
We tried that in 2004
with the “Vision for Space
Exploration.”
–“Apollo on steroids”
–Launchers, capsules, and
lunar landers, oh my!
–Hijacked by existing fiefdoms
thinking happy days were
here again.
–Pigs get fed, hogs get
slaughtered.
–Mostly cancelled in 2009/10.
16
9/3/2016 Back to the Moon 17
What if we tried
something really
different this time?
9/3/2016 Back to the Moon
Back to the Moon? Or On to Mars?
“Now, I understand that
some believe that we
should attempt a return to
the surface of the Moon
first. But I just have to say
pretty bluntly here: We’ve
been there before.”
—Pres. Obama, April 2010
18
9/3/2016 Back to the Moon
Back to the Moon? Or On to Mars?
“For the United States… no
human exploration capability
to go beyond Earth orbit for
an indeterminate time into
the future destines our
nation to become one of
second or even third-rate
stature.”
—Neil Armstrong, April 2010
19
9/3/2016 Back to the Moon
Reasons to Go Back to the Moon
20
1. What we can learn there.
2. What we can learn how to do there.
3. What we can do there.
4. Where we can go next from there.
9/3/2016 Back to the Moon
What We Can Learn There
21
Understanding the
formation of the
Solar System
9/3/2016 Back to the Moon
What We Can Learn There
22
Understanding
how the Moon
split off from
the Earth.
9/3/2016 Back to the Moon
What We Can Learn There
23
Farside 

Observatory:
Best location

in the Solar System 

for radio astronomy
9/3/2016 Back to the Moon
What We Can Learn There
24
Science!
9/3/2016 Back to the Moon
Reasons to Go Back to the Moon
25
1. What we can learn there.
2. What we can learn how to do there.
3. What we can do there.
4. Where we can go next from there.
9/3/2016 Back to the Moon
What We Can Learn How to Do There
26
Gravity
1.0Zero 0.60.40.2 0.8 1.2
Wellbeing
Healthy!
Adaptedfromhttp://selenianboondocks.com/2005/11/if-youre-going-to-be-snarky/
ISS
Unhealthy
9/3/2016 Back to the Moon
We Only Have Two Data Points!
27
Gravity
1.0Zero 0.60.40.2 0.8 1.2
Wellbeing
Which of these curves
accurately represents
human physiology?
We just don’t know.
Adaptedfromhttp://selenianboondocks.com/2005/11/if-youre-going-to-be-snarky/
?
9/3/2016 Back to the Moon
Learn How to Thrive in Low Gravity
28
Gravity
1.0Zero 0.60.40.2 0.8 1.2
Wellbeing
Adaptedfromhttp://selenianboondocks.com/2005/11/if-youre-going-to-be-snarky/
The Moon becomes
the most valuable
real estate in the
system.
4
9/3/2016 Back to the Moon
What We Can Learn How to Do There
29
Water-only
recycling:
93% efficient
Closing the loop on life support
9/3/2016 Back to the Moon
Space is Radioactive!
30
(Too much) radiation is not
good for children and other
living things…
9/3/2016 Back to the Moon
What We Can Learn How to Do There
31
Buried habitats for
radiation shielding
9/3/2016 Back to the Moon
What We Can Learn How to Do There
32
Truly isolated operations
(but only 3 days from Earth)
9/3/2016 Back to the Moon
Dr. Jerri Nielsen, 1999
33
9/3/2016 Back to the Moon
Reasons to Go Back to the Moon
34
1. What we can learn there.
2. What we can learn how to do there.
3. What we can do there.
4. Where we can go next from there.
9/3/2016 Back to the Moon
What We Can Do There
35
A new world to
explore…
9/3/2016 Back to the Moon
The Moon is Earth’s Eighth Continent!
36
Landmass Area (sq km)
Asia 43,820,000
Moon 37,900,000
Africa 30,370,000
North America 24,490,000
South America 17,840,000
Antarctica 13,720,000
Europe 10,180,000
Australia 9,008,500
9/3/2016 Back to the Moon
Total of Six Apollo Landing Sites
37
Six football fields,
in a land bigger
than Africa.
Apollo:
Equatorial
orbits, easy
∆V for
rendezvous,
nothing on
Farside at all.
9/3/2016 Back to the Moon
Voyages of Columbus
38
9/3/2016 Back to the Moon
What We Can Do There
39
Glory!
9/3/2016 Back to the Moon
What We Can Do There
40
Mining!
9/3/2016 Back to the Moon
What We Can Do There
41
Planet-hopping
gets cheaper with
lunar mining!
Primary goal isn’t science or
“flags and footprints”… it’s
spreading humanity through
the solar system.
9/3/2016 Back to the Moon
What We Can Do There
42
Resource prospecting:
Moon Express launching in 2017
Competing for
Google Lunar X Prize
9/3/2016 Back to the Moon
What We Can Do There
43
Lunar mining:
In Situ Resource Utilization
Effective teleoperations
Vacuum chemistry
Dust control
9/3/2016 Back to the Moon
What We Can Do There
44
Ice!
Water to drink and
irrigate crops
Hydrogen for fuel
Oxygen to breathe
Chemical feedstock
9/3/2016 Back to the Moon
The Lunar South Pole is Unique
45
JAXAKAGUYAvideo
9/3/2016 Back to the Moon
Permanently Shadowed Craters
46
JAXAKAGUYAvideo
9/3/2016 Back to the Moon
Permanently Shadowed Craters
47
9/3/2016 Back to the Moon
The Moon Gets Hit… A Lot!
48
All those craters came
from somewhere!
9/3/2016 Back to the Moon
Comet Shoemaker-Levy, 1994
49
Remember?
9/3/2016 Back to the Moon
Comets are Dirty Snowballs
50
9/3/2016 Back to the Moon
Shadowed Craters Act as “Cold Traps”
51
9/3/2016 Back to the Moon
Lunar “Geology” is Complex
52
Distribution of iron oxide
9/3/2016 Back to the Moon
Lunar “Geology” is Complex
53
Distribution of titanium oxide
9/3/2016 Back to the Moon
What Can You Mine/Make on the Moon?
54
Iron
Aluminum
Titanium
Silicon
Glass
Oxygen
Hydrogen
Regolith
…and more
9/3/2016 Back to the Moon
What We Can Do There
55
Send lunar materials to build
space-based solar power satellites
9/3/2016 Back to the Moon
We’ve Gotten Good at Orbital Assembly
56
…but at $10,000/pound
from Earth, it doesn’t matter.
9/3/2016 Back to the Moon
Solar-Powered Mass Driver
57
9/3/2016 Back to the Moon
What We Can Do There
58
Platinum-
group metals
(maybe)
@2012WashingtonPost
9/3/2016 Back to the Moon
Extract Helium-3 (double maybe!)
59
9/3/2016 Back to the Moon
Reasons to Go Back to the Moon
60
1. What we can learn there.
2. What we can learn how to do there.
3. What we can do there.
4. Where we can go next from there.
9/3/2016 Back to the Moon
Earth-Moon System (to scale)
61
240,000 Miles
At this scale, the Sun is 2.4 screens wide and 250 screenwidths away.
9/3/2016 Back to the Moon
Earth-Moon System (to scale)
62
EML1
EML2
Moon
Geosync
GPS
LEO➔
9/3/2016 Back to the Moon
Rubber Sheet Model of Gravity
63
9/3/2016 Back to the Moon 64
In space, transport costs
are measured in energy,
not time or distance.
(Unless you have passengers.)
9/3/2016 Back to the Moon
Lagrange Points (to scale)
65
EML1 EML2
Moon
Geosync➔
EML4
EML5
EML3
60°
60°
Gravitationally
semi-stable for
small bodies
(like space stations)
9/3/2016 Back to the Moon
Earth-Moon System (to scale)
66
EML1 “Halo” Orbit
Van Allen Belts
Lunar
Distant
Retrograde
Orbit (DRO)
Interesting places for
the cislunar economy
➔
9/3/2016 Back to the Moon
Cislunar Trade Routes
67
Geosync
EML-1 to Lunar Surface
EML-1 to DRO
EML-1 to NEOs, elsewhere…
EML1
Moon
Very low energy trajectories to Lunar
destinations, Near-Earth Objects, and even
asteroids.
9/3/2016 Back to the Moon
Cislunar Trade Routes
68
Geosync
LEO to EML-1
GEO to EML-1
EML1
Moon
Servicing GEO from EML1 requires 4% of the
energy as reaching GEO from Earth’s surface!
9/3/2016 Back to the Moon
Cislunar Trade Routes
69
Geosync
LEO to EML-1
GEO to EML-1
EML-1 to Lunar Surface
EML-1 to DRO
EML-1 to NEOs, elsewhere…
EML1
Moon
9/3/2016 Back to the Moon
Rubber Sheet Model of Gravity
70
9/3/2016 Back to the Moon
Orbital Energy Requirements: ∆V2
71
40
80
120
(km/sec)2
Earth
Surface
LEO
GEO EML1 DRO LLO
NEO
Mars
Orbit
Lunar
Surface
Ceres
Venus
Orbit
Martian Surface
9/3/2016 Back to the Moon
The First Step is a Doozy!
72
40
80
120
(km/sec)2
Earth
Surface
LEO
GEO EML1 DRO LLO
NEO
Mars
Orbit
Lunar
Surface
Ceres
Venus
Orbit
Martian Surface
9/3/2016 Back to the Moon
Why Mars Landings Should Wait…
73
40
80
120
(km/sec)2
Earth
Surface
LEO
GEO EML1 DRO LLO
NEO
Mars
Orbit
Lunar
Surface
Ceres
Venus
Orbit
Martian Surface
9/3/2016 Back to the Moon
The Flat Spot is the Sweet Spot!
74
40
80
120
(km/sec)2
Earth
Surface
LEO
GEO EML1 DRO LLO
NEO
Mars
Orbit
Lunar
Surface
Ceres
Venus
Orbit
Martian Surface
EML1 can become the hub of
a thriving cislunar economy.
9/3/2016 Back to the Moon
EML1 Station: Access to Deep Space
75
9/3/2016 Back to the Moon
EML1: Geosync Satellite Servicing
76
9/3/2016 Back to the Moon
EML1: Midpoint for Lunar Elevator
77
9/3/2016 Back to the Moon
EML1: Staging Point for Asteroids
78
9/3/2016 Back to the Moon
EML1: Interplanetary Superhighway
79
9/3/2016 Back to the Moon
EML1: Interplanetary Superhighway
80
EML1
9/3/2016 Back to the Moon
EML1: Three Days from Home!
81
9/3/2016 Back to the Moon
We Need to Go Back to the Moon!
82
If God wanted
man to become
a spacefaring
species, He
would have
given Earth a
moon.
—Krafft Ehricke
9/3/2016 Back to the Moon
We Need to Go Back to the Moon!
83
9/3/2016 Back to the Moon
We Need to Go Back to the Moon!
84
© 2016 by Stephen Fleming. Images from public domain or fair use.
Back to the Moon
Download this at:
files.academicvc.com
@stephenfleming
…this time to stay!

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Back to the Moon

  • 1. © 2016 by Stephen Fleming. Images from public domain or fair use. Back to the Moon Stephen Fleming stephenfleming@gmail.com @stephenfleming
  • 2. 9/3/2016 Back to the Moon Augustine Committee, 2009 “The Committee concludes that the ultimate goal of human exploration is to chart a path for human expansion into the solar system.” 2
  • 3. 9/3/2016 Back to the Moon Augustine Committee, 2009 “Humanity should become a spacefaring civilization… If that is not the point of human spaceflight, what the hell are we doing?” — Chris Chyba, Princeton 3
  • 4. 9/3/2016 Back to the Moon We Went to the Moon Too Early 4 ...in the wrong way... ...for the wrong reasons... …and we never went back!
  • 5. 9/3/2016 Back to the Moon What Happened to Human Flight? 5 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 … Wright Flyer Junkers J-1 First all-metal airplane DC-3 Me 262 First jet airplane First supersonic flight Sputnik I Apollo 11 Yuri Gagarin Last Apollo Mission First Shuttle Launch ISS Continuously Occupied First private launch to ISS
  • 6. 9/3/2016 Back to the Moon What Happened to Human Flight? 6 1910 1920 1930 1950 1960 1980 1990 2000 2020 … Wright Flyer First supersonic flight 44 years From first flight to breaking the sound barrier. 44 years From the last Moon landing to… going around in circles. Now Last Apollo Mission 1900 1940 1970 2010
  • 7. 9/3/2016 Back to the Moon Earth-Moon System (to scale) 7 240,000 Miles
  • 8. 9/3/2016 Back to the Moon ISS Orbit (to scale) 8 8000 Miles 250 Miles
  • 9. 9/3/2016 Back to the Moon No Humans Past LEO since 1972 9 We’ve been going around in circles in Low Earth Orbit for 44 years.
  • 10. 9/3/2016 Back to the Moon Even Moses Only Wandered 40 Years! 10
  • 11. 9/3/2016 Back to the Moon 11 What happened?
  • 12. 9/3/2016 Back to the Moon Where Did We Go Wrong? “First, I believe that this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal, before this decade is out, of landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to the Earth. No single space project in this period will be more impressive to mankind, or more important for the 
 long-range exploration of space; and none will be so difficult or expensive to accomplish.” —Pres. Kennedy, May 1961 12
  • 13. 9/3/2016 Back to the Moon Where Did We Go Wrong? “First, I believe that this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal, before this decade is out, of landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to the Earth. No single space project in this period will be more impressive to mankind, or more important for the 
 long-range exploration of space; and none will be so difficult or expensive to accomplish.” —Pres. Kennedy, May 1961 13
  • 14. 9/3/2016 Back to the Moon Decision Made: Flags and Footprints 14 From Day One—not a model which could get traction on Wall Street! Forty years later, what remains of the Moon missions? Zero presence. Zero industry. Zero infrastructure. Zero economic value.
  • 15. 9/3/2016 Back to the Moon 15 What if we tried something different this time?
  • 16. 9/3/2016 Back to the Moon Vision for Space Exploration We tried that in 2004 with the “Vision for Space Exploration.” –“Apollo on steroids” –Launchers, capsules, and lunar landers, oh my! –Hijacked by existing fiefdoms thinking happy days were here again. –Pigs get fed, hogs get slaughtered. –Mostly cancelled in 2009/10. 16
  • 17. 9/3/2016 Back to the Moon 17 What if we tried something really different this time?
  • 18. 9/3/2016 Back to the Moon Back to the Moon? Or On to Mars? “Now, I understand that some believe that we should attempt a return to the surface of the Moon first. But I just have to say pretty bluntly here: We’ve been there before.” —Pres. Obama, April 2010 18
  • 19. 9/3/2016 Back to the Moon Back to the Moon? Or On to Mars? “For the United States… no human exploration capability to go beyond Earth orbit for an indeterminate time into the future destines our nation to become one of second or even third-rate stature.” —Neil Armstrong, April 2010 19
  • 20. 9/3/2016 Back to the Moon Reasons to Go Back to the Moon 20 1. What we can learn there. 2. What we can learn how to do there. 3. What we can do there. 4. Where we can go next from there.
  • 21. 9/3/2016 Back to the Moon What We Can Learn There 21 Understanding the formation of the Solar System
  • 22. 9/3/2016 Back to the Moon What We Can Learn There 22 Understanding how the Moon split off from the Earth.
  • 23. 9/3/2016 Back to the Moon What We Can Learn There 23 Farside 
 Observatory: Best location
 in the Solar System 
 for radio astronomy
  • 24. 9/3/2016 Back to the Moon What We Can Learn There 24 Science!
  • 25. 9/3/2016 Back to the Moon Reasons to Go Back to the Moon 25 1. What we can learn there. 2. What we can learn how to do there. 3. What we can do there. 4. Where we can go next from there.
  • 26. 9/3/2016 Back to the Moon What We Can Learn How to Do There 26 Gravity 1.0Zero 0.60.40.2 0.8 1.2 Wellbeing Healthy! Adaptedfromhttp://selenianboondocks.com/2005/11/if-youre-going-to-be-snarky/ ISS Unhealthy
  • 27. 9/3/2016 Back to the Moon We Only Have Two Data Points! 27 Gravity 1.0Zero 0.60.40.2 0.8 1.2 Wellbeing Which of these curves accurately represents human physiology? We just don’t know. Adaptedfromhttp://selenianboondocks.com/2005/11/if-youre-going-to-be-snarky/ ?
  • 28. 9/3/2016 Back to the Moon Learn How to Thrive in Low Gravity 28 Gravity 1.0Zero 0.60.40.2 0.8 1.2 Wellbeing Adaptedfromhttp://selenianboondocks.com/2005/11/if-youre-going-to-be-snarky/ The Moon becomes the most valuable real estate in the system. 4
  • 29. 9/3/2016 Back to the Moon What We Can Learn How to Do There 29 Water-only recycling: 93% efficient Closing the loop on life support
  • 30. 9/3/2016 Back to the Moon Space is Radioactive! 30 (Too much) radiation is not good for children and other living things…
  • 31. 9/3/2016 Back to the Moon What We Can Learn How to Do There 31 Buried habitats for radiation shielding
  • 32. 9/3/2016 Back to the Moon What We Can Learn How to Do There 32 Truly isolated operations (but only 3 days from Earth)
  • 33. 9/3/2016 Back to the Moon Dr. Jerri Nielsen, 1999 33
  • 34. 9/3/2016 Back to the Moon Reasons to Go Back to the Moon 34 1. What we can learn there. 2. What we can learn how to do there. 3. What we can do there. 4. Where we can go next from there.
  • 35. 9/3/2016 Back to the Moon What We Can Do There 35 A new world to explore…
  • 36. 9/3/2016 Back to the Moon The Moon is Earth’s Eighth Continent! 36 Landmass Area (sq km) Asia 43,820,000 Moon 37,900,000 Africa 30,370,000 North America 24,490,000 South America 17,840,000 Antarctica 13,720,000 Europe 10,180,000 Australia 9,008,500
  • 37. 9/3/2016 Back to the Moon Total of Six Apollo Landing Sites 37 Six football fields, in a land bigger than Africa. Apollo: Equatorial orbits, easy ∆V for rendezvous, nothing on Farside at all.
  • 38. 9/3/2016 Back to the Moon Voyages of Columbus 38
  • 39. 9/3/2016 Back to the Moon What We Can Do There 39 Glory!
  • 40. 9/3/2016 Back to the Moon What We Can Do There 40 Mining!
  • 41. 9/3/2016 Back to the Moon What We Can Do There 41 Planet-hopping gets cheaper with lunar mining! Primary goal isn’t science or “flags and footprints”… it’s spreading humanity through the solar system.
  • 42. 9/3/2016 Back to the Moon What We Can Do There 42 Resource prospecting: Moon Express launching in 2017 Competing for Google Lunar X Prize
  • 43. 9/3/2016 Back to the Moon What We Can Do There 43 Lunar mining: In Situ Resource Utilization Effective teleoperations Vacuum chemistry Dust control
  • 44. 9/3/2016 Back to the Moon What We Can Do There 44 Ice! Water to drink and irrigate crops Hydrogen for fuel Oxygen to breathe Chemical feedstock
  • 45. 9/3/2016 Back to the Moon The Lunar South Pole is Unique 45 JAXAKAGUYAvideo
  • 46. 9/3/2016 Back to the Moon Permanently Shadowed Craters 46 JAXAKAGUYAvideo
  • 47. 9/3/2016 Back to the Moon Permanently Shadowed Craters 47
  • 48. 9/3/2016 Back to the Moon The Moon Gets Hit… A Lot! 48 All those craters came from somewhere!
  • 49. 9/3/2016 Back to the Moon Comet Shoemaker-Levy, 1994 49 Remember?
  • 50. 9/3/2016 Back to the Moon Comets are Dirty Snowballs 50
  • 51. 9/3/2016 Back to the Moon Shadowed Craters Act as “Cold Traps” 51
  • 52. 9/3/2016 Back to the Moon Lunar “Geology” is Complex 52 Distribution of iron oxide
  • 53. 9/3/2016 Back to the Moon Lunar “Geology” is Complex 53 Distribution of titanium oxide
  • 54. 9/3/2016 Back to the Moon What Can You Mine/Make on the Moon? 54 Iron Aluminum Titanium Silicon Glass Oxygen Hydrogen Regolith …and more
  • 55. 9/3/2016 Back to the Moon What We Can Do There 55 Send lunar materials to build space-based solar power satellites
  • 56. 9/3/2016 Back to the Moon We’ve Gotten Good at Orbital Assembly 56 …but at $10,000/pound from Earth, it doesn’t matter.
  • 57. 9/3/2016 Back to the Moon Solar-Powered Mass Driver 57
  • 58. 9/3/2016 Back to the Moon What We Can Do There 58 Platinum- group metals (maybe) @2012WashingtonPost
  • 59. 9/3/2016 Back to the Moon Extract Helium-3 (double maybe!) 59
  • 60. 9/3/2016 Back to the Moon Reasons to Go Back to the Moon 60 1. What we can learn there. 2. What we can learn how to do there. 3. What we can do there. 4. Where we can go next from there.
  • 61. 9/3/2016 Back to the Moon Earth-Moon System (to scale) 61 240,000 Miles At this scale, the Sun is 2.4 screens wide and 250 screenwidths away.
  • 62. 9/3/2016 Back to the Moon Earth-Moon System (to scale) 62 EML1 EML2 Moon Geosync GPS LEO➔
  • 63. 9/3/2016 Back to the Moon Rubber Sheet Model of Gravity 63
  • 64. 9/3/2016 Back to the Moon 64 In space, transport costs are measured in energy, not time or distance. (Unless you have passengers.)
  • 65. 9/3/2016 Back to the Moon Lagrange Points (to scale) 65 EML1 EML2 Moon Geosync➔ EML4 EML5 EML3 60° 60° Gravitationally semi-stable for small bodies (like space stations)
  • 66. 9/3/2016 Back to the Moon Earth-Moon System (to scale) 66 EML1 “Halo” Orbit Van Allen Belts Lunar Distant Retrograde Orbit (DRO) Interesting places for the cislunar economy ➔
  • 67. 9/3/2016 Back to the Moon Cislunar Trade Routes 67 Geosync EML-1 to Lunar Surface EML-1 to DRO EML-1 to NEOs, elsewhere… EML1 Moon Very low energy trajectories to Lunar destinations, Near-Earth Objects, and even asteroids.
  • 68. 9/3/2016 Back to the Moon Cislunar Trade Routes 68 Geosync LEO to EML-1 GEO to EML-1 EML1 Moon Servicing GEO from EML1 requires 4% of the energy as reaching GEO from Earth’s surface!
  • 69. 9/3/2016 Back to the Moon Cislunar Trade Routes 69 Geosync LEO to EML-1 GEO to EML-1 EML-1 to Lunar Surface EML-1 to DRO EML-1 to NEOs, elsewhere… EML1 Moon
  • 70. 9/3/2016 Back to the Moon Rubber Sheet Model of Gravity 70
  • 71. 9/3/2016 Back to the Moon Orbital Energy Requirements: ∆V2 71 40 80 120 (km/sec)2 Earth Surface LEO GEO EML1 DRO LLO NEO Mars Orbit Lunar Surface Ceres Venus Orbit Martian Surface
  • 72. 9/3/2016 Back to the Moon The First Step is a Doozy! 72 40 80 120 (km/sec)2 Earth Surface LEO GEO EML1 DRO LLO NEO Mars Orbit Lunar Surface Ceres Venus Orbit Martian Surface
  • 73. 9/3/2016 Back to the Moon Why Mars Landings Should Wait… 73 40 80 120 (km/sec)2 Earth Surface LEO GEO EML1 DRO LLO NEO Mars Orbit Lunar Surface Ceres Venus Orbit Martian Surface
  • 74. 9/3/2016 Back to the Moon The Flat Spot is the Sweet Spot! 74 40 80 120 (km/sec)2 Earth Surface LEO GEO EML1 DRO LLO NEO Mars Orbit Lunar Surface Ceres Venus Orbit Martian Surface EML1 can become the hub of a thriving cislunar economy.
  • 75. 9/3/2016 Back to the Moon EML1 Station: Access to Deep Space 75
  • 76. 9/3/2016 Back to the Moon EML1: Geosync Satellite Servicing 76
  • 77. 9/3/2016 Back to the Moon EML1: Midpoint for Lunar Elevator 77
  • 78. 9/3/2016 Back to the Moon EML1: Staging Point for Asteroids 78
  • 79. 9/3/2016 Back to the Moon EML1: Interplanetary Superhighway 79
  • 80. 9/3/2016 Back to the Moon EML1: Interplanetary Superhighway 80 EML1
  • 81. 9/3/2016 Back to the Moon EML1: Three Days from Home! 81
  • 82. 9/3/2016 Back to the Moon We Need to Go Back to the Moon! 82 If God wanted man to become a spacefaring species, He would have given Earth a moon. —Krafft Ehricke
  • 83. 9/3/2016 Back to the Moon We Need to Go Back to the Moon! 83
  • 84. 9/3/2016 Back to the Moon We Need to Go Back to the Moon! 84
  • 85. © 2016 by Stephen Fleming. Images from public domain or fair use. Back to the Moon Download this at: files.academicvc.com @stephenfleming …this time to stay!